Pain Management Test 5
Which is a sign of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in an adolescent? 1 Labor pains 2 Abdominal pain and bleeding 3 Abdominal pain and hypotension 4 Abdominal pain and hypertension
3 Abdominal pain and hypotension
Which type of pain management is cold application? 1 Relaxation 2 Distraction 3 Cutaneous stimulation 4 Acupressure
3 Cutaneous stimulation
Which nonpharmacological techniques pose a risk of injury to the patient if the patient has a history of diabetic neuropathy? Select all that apply. 1 Yoga 2 Massage 3 Hot bath 4 Cold application 5 Relaxation exercises
3 Hot bath 4 Cold application
A patient is in the first postoperative day following a nephrectomy. The patient is receiving morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for management of pain. The patient complains of pain in the shoulders. The nurse understands that it is a referred pain. What explanation should the nurse give to the patient regarding the referred pain? 1 It is a pain that occurs sporadically over time. 2 It is a moderate pain that occurs for more than 6 months constantly. 3 It is a pain that is sensed at a site away from its actual origin or pathology. 4 It is neuropathic pain that is caused generally after cancer or a tumor.
3 It is a pain that is sensed at a site away from its actual origin or pathology.
The nurse plans to give a massage to a patient who has body aches. The patient has a history of angina and deep vein thrombosis. Which area, if massaged, can lead to complications in the patient? 1 Back 2 Shoulders 3 Leg muscles 4 Thigh muscles
3 Leg muscles
A patient has had arthritic pain for 8 years. Which questions should the nurse ask to assess the patient's pain? Select all that apply. 1 "Which factors relieve your pain?" 2 "How would you describe the pain?" 3 "Are you having any trouble passing stools?" 4 "Are you allergic to any food item or medication?" 5 "On a scale of 0 to10, how high would you rate the pain?"
1 "Which factors relieve your pain?" 2 "How would you describe the pain?" 5 "On a scale of 0 to10, how high would you rate the pain?"
A primary health care provider prescribes 10 mg of codeine every 4 hours to a patient who has chronic pain from cancer. However, after taking a second dose of the prescribed drug, the nurse notices that the patient is very drowsy and nauseous. Which dose alteration may provide effective pain relief while improving the drowsiness and nausea? 1 5 mg codeine every 4 hours 2 10 mg codeine every 8 hours 3 20 mg codeine every 8 hours 4 5 mg codeine every 12 hours
1 5 mg codeine every 4 hours
The nurse has to administer opioids to a female patient after a surgical procedure. Which conditions may require special consideration before administration of opioids? Select all that apply. 1 Breastfeeding 2 Dialysis 3 Respiratory disease 4 History of orthopedic surgery 5 Chronic headache
1 Breastfeeding 2 Dialysis 3 Respiratory disease
Which drugs may provide relief from bone pain? Select all that apply. 1 Calcitonin 2 Gabapentin 3 Nortriptyline 4 Bisphosphonates 5 Infusional lidocaine
1 Calcitonin 4 Bisphosphonates
The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic pain. Which statements are true about chronic pain? Select all that apply. 1 Chronic pain is not protective. 2 Chronic pain has an identifiable cause. 3 Chronic pain has limited tissue damage. 4 Chronic pain results in prolonged hospitalization. 5 Patients with chronic pain seek numerous health care providers 6 Chronic pain is an emotional response and protective.
1 Chronic pain is not protective. 5 Patients with chronic pain seek numerous health care providers
Which adjuvant drug relieves pain caused by inflammation and bone metastasis? 1 Corticosteroids 2 Antidepressants 3 Opioid analgesics 4 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
1 Corticosteroids
The nurse is caring for a patient who is on opioid therapy. For which findings is the nurse carefully observing the patient? Select all that apply. 1 Decreased pulse rate 2 Increased respiratory rate 3 Decreased blood pressure 4 Pupil dilatation 5 Peripheral edema
1 Decreased pulse rate 3 Decreased blood pressure 5 Peripheral edema
Which of the following are opiods? 1 Fentanyl 2 Tramadol 3 Acetylcysteine 4 Acetaminophen
1 Fentanyl 2 Tramadol which have the potential for significant side effects and often result in patients building a tolerance to them.
A patient who underwent abdominal surgery experiences constipation and severe cramping. Which nonpharmacological nursing interventions may provide relief to this patient? Select all that apply. 1 Helping the patient walk 2 Increasing the patient's fluid intake 3 Providing stool softeners to the patient 4 Planning sleep therapies for the patient 5 Providing an elevated toilet seat to the patient
1 Helping the patient walk 2 Increasing the patient's fluid intake 3 Providing stool softeners to the patient
The electrocardiogram of an elderly male patient who had chest pain shows signs of myocardial infarction. What are the likely sites for referred pain for a male patient with myocardial infection? Select all that apply. 1 Jaw 2 Groin 3 Left ear 4 Left arm 5 Left shoulder
1 Jaw 4 Left arm 5 Left shoulder
The nurse is caring for a patient on pain management therapy. Which types of therapy cause a release of endorphins that can block the transmission of painful stimuli? Select all that apply. 1 Massage 2 Opioid analgesics 3 Cold application 4 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 5 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
1 Massage 3 Cold application 5 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
A primary health care provider prescribes medication for a patient in respiratory distress. Shortly after, the patient complains of severe pain. Which medication did the patient likely receive? 1 Naloxone 2 Capsaicin 3 Lidoderm patch 4 Acetaminophen
1 Naloxone
The nurse is teaching a group of caregivers about the concept of pain in older adults. What should the nurse include in the teachings? Select all that apply. 1 Older patients underreport pain. 2 Sleeping indicates pain relief. 3 Opioids are safe to use in older patients. 4 Older adults tend to perceive more pain. 5 Older adults with cognitive impairment do not experience less pain
1 Older patients underreport pain. 3 Opioids are safe to use in older patients. 5 Older adults with cognitive impairment do not experience less pain
Which instructions are crucial for the nurse to give to both family members and the patient who is about to be started on patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) of morphine? 1 Only the patient should push the button. 2 Do not use the PCA until the pain is severe. 3 The PCA prevents constipation. 4 Notify the nurse when the button is pushed
1 Only the patient should push the button.
Which statements about opioid analgesics for pain management are correct? Select all that apply. 1 Opioid analgesics act on higher centers of the brain. 2 Use of opioid analgesics will increase libido in male patients. 3 Opioid analgesics are prescribed for relieving mild forms of pain. 4 The short-acting forms of opioids provide pain relief for approximately 4 hours. 5 Prolonged use of opioid analgesics will increase patient tolerance to depression of the central nervous system.
1 Opioid analgesics act on higher centers of the brain. 4 The short-acting forms of opioids provide pain relief for approximately 4 hours.
When performing pain assessment, the nurse shows a series of photographs to a child and asks the child to point to the face that shows how he or she feels. Which pain-rating scale is the nurse using for pain assessment? 1 Oucher scale 2 Numeric rating scale (NRS) 3 Visual analogue scale (VAS) 4 Verbal descriptor scale
1 Oucher scale
A patient has had arthritic pain for 8 years and has surgery to remove a buildup of septic fluid. Postoperative, the patient received morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for the management of pain. What is the advantage of PCA that the nurse should teach the patient? 1 PCA allows self-administration of analgesics. 2 PCA is associated with a risk of overdose. 3 PCA does not allow administration of opioids. 4 PCA allows intramuscular administration of medications
1 PCA allows self-administration of analgesics.
The nurse works in a postsurgical ward. Which statements by the nurse indicate common misconceptions about pain? Select all that apply. 1 Psychogenic pain is not real. 2 Chronic pain is not psychological. 3 Patients who cannot speak can feel pain. 4 Administering analgesics regularly leads to drug addiction. 5 Patients who abuse substances overreact to discomfort
1 Psychogenic pain is not real. 4 Administering analgesics regularly leads to drug addiction. 5 Patients who abuse substances overreact to discomfort
A patient with bronchial carcinoma reports constipation for the past 2 months. The patient has been on meperidine and ibuprofen for pain relief for the past 6 months. The patient has also been taking metformin and captopril for the past 10 years. What could be the most probable reason for constipation in the patient? 1 Side effects of the opioid 2 Side effects of the captopril 3 Interaction of metformin and captopril 4 Metastasis of cancer to other organs
1 Side effects of the opioid
During the subjective data collection for pain assessment, the nurse asks the patient, "Can you tell me what your discomfort feels like?" What is the reason for this question? 1 The nurse wants the patient to identify the quality of pain. 2 The nurse wants the patient to identify the severity of pain. 3 The nurse wants the patient to identify the duration of pain. 4 The nurse wants the patient to indentify the intensity of pain.
1 The nurse wants the patient to identify the quality of pain.
What is recommended on the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder while caring for a patient with cancer pain? 1 Transitioning use of adjuvants with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to opioids 2 Using acetaminophen for refractory pain 3 Limiting the use of opioids because of the likelihood of side effects 4 Avoiding total sedation regardless of how severe the pain is
1 Transitioning use of adjuvants with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to opioids
A patient complains of nausea after receiving the first dose of morphine for pain. What should the nurse do? 1 Treat nausea with an anti-nausea medication and continue to use morphine 2 Request an order for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) instead of morphine. 3 Encourage the patient to wait as long as possible for the next dose. 4 Withhold the next dose of morphine until reevaluated by the health care provider
1 Treat nausea with an anti-nausea medication and continue to use morphine
The nurse is reviewing the clinical data of four patients who are on pain management therapy. Which patient is at the highest risk for hallucinations, bradypnea, and hypotension? 1. Fentanyl 2. Ibuprophen 3. Acetaminophen 3. Hydromorphone
1. Fentanyl 3. Hydromorphone
Which of the following are available for oral and intravenous administration? 1. Morphine 2. Hydrocodone 3. Oxycodone 4. Hydromorphone
1. Morphine 4. Hydromorphone
Which of the following are examples of relaxation techniques that may be used to relieve pain? 1. meditation 2. music 3. yoga 4. funny videos 5. guided imagery 6. progressive relaxation exercises 7. distraction techniques
1. meditation 3. yoga 5. guided imagery 6. progressive relaxation exercises
The nurse is assessing a patient with acute pain. Which statements are true about acute pain? Select all that apply. 1 Acute pain is not protective. 2 Acute pain has an identifiable cause. 3 Acute pain has limited tissue damage. 4 Acute pain results in prolonged hospitalization. 5 Patients with acute pain seek numerous health care providers 6 Acute pain is an emotional response and protective.
2 Acute pain has an identifiable cause. 3 Acute pain has limited tissue damage. 4 Acute pain results in prolonged hospitalization. 6 Acute pain is an emotional response and protective
The primary health care provider (PHP) administers epidural anesthesia to a patient with chronic cancer pain. The PHP instructs the nurse to monitor the patient every 15 minutes. Which intervention does the nurse implement to prevent complications? 1 Inspect the catheter for breaks. 2 Administer antiemetics as ordered. 3 Change the infusion tubing every 24 hours. 4 Assess for bladder and bowel distention.
2 Administer antiemetics as ordered.
Which adjuvant drugs are preferred for treating neuropathic pain? Select all that apply. 1 Corticosteroids 2 Anticonvulsants 3 Opioid analgesics 4 Nonopioid analgesics 5 Tricyclic antidepressants
2 Anticonvulsants 5 Tricyclic antidepressants
A group of nursing students is learning about nociceptive and neuropathic pain. What are examples of neuropathic pain? Select all that apply. 1 Aching muscles 2 Diabetic neuropathy 3 Trigeminal neuralgia 4 Nerve root compression 5 Throbbing pain at knee joint
2 Diabetic neuropathy 3 Trigeminal neuralgia 4 Nerve root compression
While treating a patient, the primary health care provider encourages the patient to watch funny videos. This is an example of which pain management technique? 1 Relaxation 2 Distraction 3 Acupressure 4 Music therapy
2 Distraction
An opioid-naïve patient is on naloxone for respiratory depression caused by methadone overdose. The nurse is instructed to reassess the patient every 15 minutes for 2 hours following drug administration. What is the reason behind the schedule of reassessment of the patient? 1 The half-life of naloxone is greater than that of methadone. 2 Duration of the action of naloxone is less than that of methadone. 3 Naloxone acts as an agonist to methadone after 2 hours of administration. 4 Naloxone can cause methadone withdrawal symptoms in an opioid-naïve patient.
2 Duration of the action of naloxone is less than that of methadone.
Which analgesic drug depresses the central nervous system? 1 Aspirin 2 Fentanyl 3 Naproxen 4 Ibuprofen
2 Fentanyl
What are examples of distraction techniques used for pain? 1 Yoga 2 Funny videos 3 Acupressure 4 Listening to music
2 Funny videos 4 Listening to music
Which drugs may provide relief from neuropathic pain? Select all that apply. 1 Calcitonin 2 Gabapentin 3 Nortriptyline 4 Bisphosphonates 5 Infusional lidocaine
2 Gabapentin 3 Nortriptyline 5 Infusional lidocaine
The nurse is reviewing the clinical data of four patients who are on pain management therapy. Which patient is at the highest risk for renal insufficiency? 1. Fentanyl 2. Ibuprophen 3. Acetaminophen 3. Hydromorphone
2. Ibuprophen (kidneys)
A primary health care provider recommends ibuprofen to a patient in pain. Which statements about this medication are correct? Select all that apply. 1 It depresses the central nervous system in order to relieve pain. 2 It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. 3 It is highly recommended for older adults experiencing pain. 4 It is the most effective prescription drug available for pain relief. 5 One of its serious side effects is gastrointestinal bleeding
2 It acts by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. 5 One of its serious side effects is gastrointestinal bleeding
A patient with jaundice is diagnosed with liver cirrhosis and has an enlarged abdomen, which is tender on palpation. The patient reports severe pain, has an oral temperature of 98.4o F, and blood pressure 134/84 mm Hg. The patient takes acetaminophen for pain. What should the nurse tell the patient about the use of acetaminophen? 1 It helps reduce inflammation. 2 It is not safe in patients with liver cirrhosis. 3 It helps reduce blood pressure. 4 It increases the dose of opioid needed to achieve pain control.
2 It is not safe in patients with liver cirrhosis.
The nurse is assessing a patient who had been administered morphine for pain relief. The nurse finds that the patient's respiratory rate is 5 breaths/minute. Which drug would be the most helpful in reversing this adverse effect? 1 Meperidine 2 Naloxone 3 Flumazenil 4 Metoclopramide
2 Naloxone
Which statement is true regarding nonpharmacological pain interventions? 1 Nonpharmacological interventions should only be used alone. 2 Nonpharmacological interventions are useful for patients who cannot tolerate pain medications. 3 Nonpharmacological interventions have a clear set of guidelines regarding intensity and duration. 4 Nonpharmacological interventions should be used in place of pharmacological therapies for acute pain.
2 Nonpharmacological interventions are useful for patients who cannot tolerate pain medications.
In which situation would drug administration be considered palliative? 1 Thyroid hormone replacement 2 Pain management for a patient with terminal cancer 3 Antibiotic therapy for a patient with a bacterial infection 4 Iron supplements for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia
2 Pain management for a patient with terminal cancer
A postoperative patient reports pain at the site of surgery. On examination, the nurse finds that the incision is healing well and there are no signs of infection. The nurse instructs a student nurse to give a placebo drug to the patient. Which action would be the most appropriate action for the student nurse to take? 1 Follow the instructions given by the nurse. 2 Question the action of the placebo prescription. 3 Administer another analgesic drug. 4 Administer the placebo and inform the primary health care provider immediately
2 Question the action of the placebo prescription.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has severe pain due to muscle cramps. How does the nurse interpret this pain? 1 Visceral pain 2 Somatic pain 3 Referred pain 4 Cutaneous pain
2 Somatic pain
A patient who is on aspirin therapy for pain relief reports that there has been no change in the pain even after taking the drug. On assessment, the nurse finds that the patient had a history of a bleeding gastric ulcer and obstructive sleep apnea. What immediate action should the nurse take? 1 Add an opioid analgesic. 2 Stop the aspirin administration. 3 Increase the dose of aspirin. 4 Stop the aspirin and give ibuprofen
2 Stop the aspirin administration.
Which statement about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is incorrect? 1 TENS is helpful in reducing pain perception. 2 TENS is effective for chronic and postsurgical pain control. 3 A TENS unit consists of a battery-powered transmitter, lead wires, and electrodes. 4 TENS requires a health care provider's order that identifies the site(s) for electrode placement
2 TENS is effective for chronic and postsurgical pain control.
During the subjective data collection for pain assessment, the nurse asks the patient, "On a scale of 0 to 10, how bad is your pain now?" What is the reason for this question? 1 The nurse wants the patient to identify the quality of pain. 2 The nurse wants the patient to identify the severity of pain. 3 The nurse wants the patient to identify the duration of pain. 4 The nurse wants the patient to indentify the intensity of pain.
2 The nurse wants the patient to identify the severity of pain.
The nurse is attending to a postsurgical patient who underwent a nephrectomy. What observations would tell the nurse the patient is in severe pain? Select all that apply. 1 The patient is motionless. 2 The patient has a reduced attention span. 3 The patient is constantly asking for pain relief medication. 4 The patient has clenched teeth and is biting his or her lips. 5 The patient is talking incessantly for a long time
2 The patient has a reduced attention span. 3 The patient is constantly asking for pain relief medication. 4 The patient has clenched teeth and is biting his or her lips.
The nurse concludes that a patient has radiating pain. Which assessment findings support the nurse's conclusion? 1 The patient has pain from a small cut or laceration. 2 The patient has pain in the back accompanied by pain in the leg. 3 The patient has a crushing sensation with pain in the chest. 4 The patient has a burning sensation with severe stomach pain
2 The patient has pain in the back accompanied by pain in the leg.
The patient rates his pain as a 6 on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain. The patient's wife says that he can't be in that much pain, because he has been sleeping for 30 minutes. Which is the most accurate resource for assessing the pain? 1 The patient's wife is the best resource for determining the level of pain, because she has been with him continually for the entire day. 2 The patient's report of pain is the best method for assessing the pain. 3 The patient's health care provider has the best knowledge of the level of pain that the patient that should be experiencing. 4 The nurse is the most experienced at assessing pain
2 The patient's report of pain is the best method for assessing the pain.
A patient with cancer is administered 60 mg oral morphine per day for chronic pain. The response to this dose is decreasing after repeated administration. The patient now needs to increase the dose of the morphine to achieve adequate pain control. What is this phenomenon called? 1 Addiction 2 Tolerance 3 Pseudoaddiction 4 Physical dependence
2 Tolerance
Which of the following are available for oral administration only? 1. Morphine 2. Hydrocodone 3. Oxycodone 4. Hydromorphone
2. Hydrocodone 3. Oxycodone
During the subjective data collection for pain assessment, the nurse asks the patient,"When did your pain start?" What is the reason for this question? 1 The nurse wants the patient to identify the quality of pain. 2 The nurse wants the patient to identify the severity of pain. 3 The nurse wants the patient to identify the onset and duration of pain. 4 The nurse wants the patient to indentify the intensity of pain.
3 The nurse wants the patient to identify the onset and duration of pain.
The nurse is reviewing the clinical data of four patients who are on pain management therapy. Which patient is at the highest risk forhepatotoxicity? 1. Fentanyl 2. Ibuprophen 3. Acetaminophen 3. Hydromorphone
3. Acetaminophen
A 65-year-old patient is experiencing mild musculoskeletal pain. Which drug is the primary health care provider most likely to prescribe? 1 Aspirin 2 Naproxen 3 Ibuprofen 4 Acetaminophen
4 Acetaminophen
Which pain management drug is considered the best tolerated and safest analgesic? 1 Fentanyl 2 Tramadol 3 Acetylcysteine 4 Acetaminophen
4 Acetaminophen
After having received 0.2 mg of naloxone intravenous push (IVP), a patient's respiratory rate and depth are within normal limits. The nurse now plans to implement which actions? 1 Discontinue all ordered opioids. 2 Close the room door to allow the patient to recover. 3 Administer the remaining naloxone over 4 minutes. 4 Assess patient's vital signs every 15 minutes for 2 hours.
4 Assess patient's vital signs every 15 minutes for 2 hours.
A patient returning to the nursing unit after knee surgery is verbalizing pain at the surgical site. What is the nurse's first action? 1 Call the patient's health care provider. 2 Administer pain medication as ordered. 3 Check the patient's vital signs. 4 Assess the characteristics of the pain.
4 Assess the characteristics of the pain.
Which statement is true regarding opioiates for pain management? 1 Morphine is available only for oral administration. 2 Hydrocodone is only available intravenously. 3 Oxycodone is available for both oral and intravenous administration. 4 Hydromorphone is available for both oral and intravenous administration
4 Hydromorphone is available for both oral and intravenous administration
A patient has had arthritic pain for 8 years and has surgery to remove a buildup of septic fluid. Postoperative, the patient received morphine through a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device for the management of pain. After a while, the patient starts getting drowsy and symptoms of respiratory depression begin to appear. The nurse is ordered to administer naloxone. What is the rate of administering naloxone? 1 Intravenous push at the rate of 1 mL every 1 minute 2 Intravenous push at the rate of 1 mL every 2 minutes 3 Intravenous push at the rate of 0.5 mL every 1 minute 4 Intravenous push at the rate of 0.5 mL every 2 minutes
4 Intravenous push at the rate of 0.5 mL every 2 minutes
A patient with chronic low back pain who took an opioid around-the-clock (ATC) for the past year decided to abruptly stop the medication for fear of addiction. He is now experiencing shaking, chills, abdominal cramps, and joint pain. What does the nurse recognize as these symptoms? 1 Addiction 2 Tolerance 3 Pseudoaddiction 4 Physical dependence
4 Physical dependence
A new medical resident writes an order for oxycodone SR 10 mg PO q12 hours prn. Which part of the order does the nurse question? 1 The drug 2 The time interval 3 The dose 4 Prn
4 Prn
When teaching a patient about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which information should the nurse include? 1 TENS works by causing distraction. 2 TENS therapy does not require a health care provider's order. 3 A TENS unit must remain plugged in at all times 4 TENS electrodes are applied near or directly on the site of pain
4 TENS electrodes are applied near or directly on the site of pain
After assessing pain in a 9-year-old child using a numeric rating scale (NRS), the nurse documents the score as 5. What does the nurse interpret from this score? 1 The child has no pain. 2 The child has mild pain. 3 The child has severe pain. 4 The child has moderate pain.
4 The child has moderate pain.
During the subjective data collection for pain assessment, the nurse asks the patient, "How much pain do you have now?" What is the reason for this question? 1 The nurse wants the patient to identify the quality of pain. 2 The nurse wants the patient to identify the severity of pain. 3 The nurse wants the patient to identify the onset and duration of pain. 4 The nurse wants the patient to identify the intensity of pain.
4 The nurse wants the patient to identify the intensity of pain.
A nurse is caring for a client after a total knee replacement who is requesting Vicodin in addition to the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The client reports having taken two Vicodin tablets every 4 hours for several weeks before surgery. If each tablet contains 500 mg of acetaminophen, how much acetaminophen had the client been ingesting per day? Record your answer using a whole number with no punctuation. ___ mg
6000
How does using a cold pack aid in pain relief?
Cold application stimulates the skin, which helps reduce pain perception, perhaps by releasing endorphins or activating large, fast-transmitting A-beta sensory nerve fibers.
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) is not effective for what type of pain?
Chronic pain.
What are adjuvant drugs?
Drugs that are not true pain relief medications, but they are used in the management of pain conditions that are otherwise difficult to treat. They are usually, used to enhance the pain relief provided by the commonly used pain medicines.
Ibuprofen is highly recommended for older adults experiencing pain. (T/F and why?)
False, because of the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding, ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are not frequently the first choice for treating pain in older adults
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
What is metoclopramide used for?
It is an antiemetic, prevents vomiting and nausea
What is capsaiciin used for
It is effective for relief from minor aches and muscle and joint pain.
What is a Lidoderm patch used for?
It is effective for relieving cutaneous neuropathic pain.
What is acetaminophen used for?
It is effective for treating musculoskeletal pain.
Somatic pain comes from
Musculoskeletal, muscles etc.
What drugs depress the central nervous system in order to relieve pain.
Opiods
Visceral pain comes from
Organs, ie GI
What are antidepressants used for?
To relieve neuropathic pain.
What are chorticosteriods used for?
To relieve pain caused by inflammation and bone metastasis. Opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used in acute and chronic pain management and are not adjuvant drugs.
What are Opioid analgesics used for?
To treat acute and chronic pain management.
What are non-steroidal drugs used for?
To treat acute and chronic pain management.
What is acetylcysteine used to treat?
acetaminophen overdose.
Referred pain comes from
another location
What is acupressure?
applying pressure to specific points on the body in order to influence nerve pathways to decrease pain perception.
Why might a physician only used aspirin, naproxin and ibuprofen as a secondary choice for an elderly person?
because they are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs which carry a risk for bleeding, especially in older adults, and may not be necessary if the pain is mild.
How do Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain? (NSAIDS)
by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which inhibits the body's cellular response to inflammation.
Cutaneous pain
comes from the skin
What is naloxone used for?
is prescribed for respiratory depression as a result of opioid overdose. Administering too much too quickly may cause severe pain and other serious complications.
What is the antidote for opioids such as morphine and Meperidine?
naloxone also called narcan
What is neuropathic pain?
pain that is a complex, chronic pain state that usually is accompanied by tissue injury. With this pain, the nerve fibers themselves may be damaged, dysfunctional, or injured. These damaged nerve fibers send incorrect signals to other pain centers
What is Nociceptive pain?
pain that is caused by damage to body tissue and usually described as a sharp, aching, or throbbing pain.
How do opiods reduce pain?
reduce pain by binding with opiate receptors to modify pain perception, not by releasing endorphins.
