PAP-bio Chapter 1

What is the goal of science

learn causes of events in nature - provide natural and testable explanations for events in the natural world

A well-tested scientific explanation of the natural world that unifies many repeated observations and supported hypotheses is a

scientific theory

In a scientific article, which of the following phrases would most likely indicate that the topic discussed is outside the field of science?

"People believe...

How are science and technology related?

advances in science may lead to advances in technology and vice versa

Science is considered a "way of knowing" because

it is a way of applying scientific methodology and attitudes to observations of the world

sexual reproduction

type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

independent variable

variable that is manipulated

What is a central theme of biology?

Living things grow, develop, and reproduce - cells are the basic units of life - Science is a way of knowing

What characteristics do all living things share

1 - made up of cells 2 - based on a universal genetic code 3 - grow, develop and reproduce 4- respond to their environment 5 - maintain a stable internal environment 6 - obtain and use materials and energy

Inference

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.

bias

A particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; allows living things to survive changing conditions

Whether you are working in a laboratory or in the field, which of the following is the most important safety step in conducting a biological investigation

Careful Prep

Which laboratory tools can be used to magnify small objects so they can be seen more easily?

Compound microscope and hand lens.

Livings things are based on a universal genetic code called

DNA

Why are there several types of glassware marked for measuring

Different sizes of glassware, such as the graduated beaker or the graduated cylinder, allow for more accurate measurements of specific volumes.

Which laboratory tools are useful when looking at the internal organs of an earthworm?

Dissecting tray, dissecting pins, dissecting scissors, forceps, probe, scalpel, and hand lens.

A hypothesis must be tested through a controlled experiment (T/F)

F

Lab Aprons

Help protect your skin and clothing from chemicals or biohazards

Why are hypothesis so important to controlled experiments

If several variables are changed in an experiment, researchers can't easily tell which particular variable us responsible for any of the results that are observed.

Which of the following is not an important rule for communicating in science?

If your observations are not what you expected, you can change your data slightly to better match your hypothesis

qualitative data

Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic

What must happen for research to be accepted

It must be officially shared, in a scientifically appropriate way, with the scientific community.

What kinds of measurements might you need to make in the laboratory?

Length, mass, volume, temperature.

In 1980, scientists proposed a hypothesis that suggested that a meteorite struck Earth and caused the mass extinction that included the dinosaurs. Why are new hypotheses often criticized?

Many hypotheses are new ideas that contradict and challenge many earlier ideas.

What kinds of understandings does science contribute about the natural world?

Patterns in nature, explanations for events in the natural world, and predictions about natural events.

Which of the following is true based on the definition of the word science?

Science is an ongoing process

A hypothesis is generated using prior knowledge (T/F)

T

Typically and experiment is divided into control and experimental groups. (T/F)

T

Observation

The act of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way.

What are the big ideas of biology?

The cellular basis of life; information and heredity; matter and energy; growth, development, and reproduction; homeostasis; evolution; structure and function; unity and diversity of life; interdependence in nature; and science as a way of knowing.

What does biology mean?

The greek word bios means "life' and -olgy means "study of"

What is peer review

The process by which scientific work is reviewed by anonymous, independent experts

What is the definition of the word science?

The use of evidence to construct testable explanations as well as the knowledge generated through this process

When might you need to use a thermometer in the lab?

To make sure the experimental and the control groups are at the same temperature. To record the temperature at which a reaction occurs

What tool or tools would you use to determine the mass of a baseball

Triple-beam balance.

Why do scientists consider every hypothesis valuable?

a hypothesis may lead to further investigation even if it is disproved by the experiment

stimulas

a signal to which an organism responds

A controlled experiment allows the researcher to isolate and test

a single variable

Hypothesis

a tentative scientific explanation that can be tested

In daily life the word theory means an idea or a hunch. In science, theory is defined as

a well tested explanation

At what levels do biologists study life?

cellular, planetary and molecular

What statement best describes good scientific methodology?

collect and analyze date, and then draw a conclusion

How are new ideas generated (The Process of Science)

curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity - practical problems can lead to new exploration

One way that a theory differs from a hypothesis is that a theory

explains a large body of evidence and has been tested many times

Single most important safety rule in the lab

follow your teachers instructions

What is the first step a scientist takes in forming a hypothesis?

making many observations

The common system of measurement used by scientists is called the

metric system

Quantitative data

numerical data - length, width, etc.

The first step in the scientific method is

observation

Scientific Method

observing and asking questions, making inferences and forming hypothesis, conducting experiments, collecting and analyzing data and drawing conclusions

asexual reproduction

process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

dependent variable

responding variable

Scientific investigation can answer a wide variety of questions about many different topics. What do all scientific investigations have in common?

safety precautions must be observed

Good hypotheses are those that explain some event or observation and

suggest ways to test the explanation

In terms of the scientific method, the purpose of an experiment is to

test a hypothesis

theory

tested highly reliable scientific explanation of the natural world that unifies many repeated observations

Metabolism

the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials