part 1 Final exam practice one rough draft new

The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what?

B. facilitated transport

41. Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

B. fluid-mosaic model

In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________________

B. hydrophilic, hydrophobic

Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood

B. isotonic

What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called?

B. nucleolus

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called

B. osmosis.

Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as

B. phagocytosis.

Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

B. process proteins

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

B. synthesize proteins.

What do the SER and RER have in common?

B. the formation of transport vesicles

The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

B. the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.

35. The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?

B. two

4. In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?

B. two

The scientific study of life is called

Biology

All of the ecosystems on the planet together are called the

Biosphere

If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue, which of the following statements is true? Red blood cells are able to leave the capillary. Plasma proteins are able to leave the capillary. Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. This is the venous end of the capillary. The net pressure is in.

Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. *At the arterial end of the capillary, blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure, and tissue fluid leaves the capillary and enters the tissue. Section: 05.06

The process of mechanical digestion includes breakdown of food particles by enzymes. physically making food smaller and easier to handle. churning of food in the muscular stomach. hydrolysis of nutrients. Both answer choices B and C are correct.

Both answer choices B and C are correct. *The process of mechanical digestion includes physically making food smaller and easier to handle by the churning of food. Section: 09.01

A person will have antibodies against any blood antigens different from their own, regardless of whether they have had a transfusion or not. True False

False *The antibodies against blood antigens develop whether or not a person ever has a transfusion. Section: 06.05

Gas exchange is the only function of blood. True False

False *The blood has many functions, of which gas exchange is only one. Section: 05.01

The cardiac muscle is supplied with nutrients from the blood within the heart itself. True False

False *The cardiac muscle receives oxygen and nutrients from the coronary arteries. Section: 05.03

The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea. True False

False *The epiglottis closes off the larynx. Section: 09.02

The gallbladder produces bile. True False

False *The liver produces bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Section: 09.04

All veins carry oxygen-poor blood. True False

False *The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood so this is not a true statement. Section: 05.05

The walls of veins are thinner, so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can. True False

False *The walls of veins are thinner, so they can expand to a greater extent than can arteries. Section: 05.02

The ABO antigens and Rh antigens are the only blood groups considered before a transfusion. True False

False *There are other blood group incompatibilities possible, so before blood can be safely transfused it is necessary to physically combine donor blood with recipient blood on a glass slide and check for agglutination. Section: 06.05

A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal. True False

False *This would be considered hypotension. Normal blood pressure is 120/80. Section: 05.04

The BMI is useful because it tells you how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue regardless of your fitness, bone structure, or gender. True False

False The BMI only gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue. This can vary depending on your fitness, bone structure, or gender. Section: 09.06

If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly what could happen? Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. Red blood cells would increase in concentration. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would increase. The blood pressure of the individuals would increase. Fluid would accumulate in the body.

Formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. *If blood clotting doesn't occur correctly the formed elements and plasma would not remain in the blood. The concentration of red blood cells would decrease due to the loss of cells. The Ca2+ concentration in the blood would decrease. The blood pressure of the individuals would decrease due to the loss of blood. Fluid would not accumulate in the body. Section: 06.04

Which of the following characteristics of water is most responsible for the sinking of the Titanic?

Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.

An element has its outermost orbital full and contains more than 2 electrons. Which element is this?

He

Which of the following statements is a hypothesis?

If students buy the university meal plan, then they will eat more vegetables.

Why is bile a yellowish-greenish color? It contains pancreatic juices. It contains bilirubin. It contains biliverdin. It contains chlorophyll. It contains cholesterol.

It contains bilirubin. The yellowish-green color of bile is primarily due to the presence of bilirubin. Section: 09.04

Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________. decreases, increases increases, decreases stays the same, decreases stays the same, increases decreases, stays the same

decreases, increases *Blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle because the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels increases. Section: 05.04

When you put your hand on a hot stove, ____ receive signals from the sensory receptors or other neurons and ______ conduct nerve impulses.

dendrites, axons

Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue? muscle dentin taste buds mucous membrane sensory receptors

dentin *Dentin is found in teeth, not the tongue. Section: 09.02

Stretch marks are the result of tears in the integumentary layer that contains fibrous connective tissue, elastin, and collagen. What is this region of the integument called?

dermis

Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to produce antibodies. destroy pathogens. increase erythrocyte production. stimulate thrombin. produce platelets.

destroy pathogens. *Cytotoxic T cells have the ability to physically destroy pathogens. Section: 06.03

All of the changes that occur from the time an egg is fertilized through childhood, adolescence and adulthood are called

development

Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack? feeling of pressure in the chest dizziness nausea and vomiting diarrhea shortness of breath

diarrhea All are symptoms of a heart attack except for diarrhea. Section: 05.07

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are internal bleeding and headaches. dehydration and itching. diarrhea and itching. diarrhea and bloating. shortness of breath and bloating.

diarrhea and bloating. *Lactose intolerance may cause diarrhea and bloating. Section: 09.03

A controlled study when neither the patient nor the examiner is aware of whether the patient is receiving a treatment, is called a/an

double-blind study.

Which of the following is not associated with the stomach? alcohol absorption gastric glands rugae duodenum pepsin

duodenum *The duodenum is part of the small intestine, not the stomach. Section: 09.03

It is thought that President Abraham Lincoln suffered from a genetic disorder known as Marfan syndrome. Which type of fiber is affected in this disorder?

elastic fibers

Which arterial structure enables it to resist the blood pressure? elastic tissue in the arterial wall valves within artery skeletal muscle within the arterial walls precapillary sphincters a wall composed only of endothelium

elastic tissue in the arterial wall *The elastic tissue in the arterial wall enables it to resist the blood pressure. Arteries do not contain valves, they are in the veins. The arteries do not contain skeletal muscle, instead they have smooth muscle. Precapillary sphincters control the blood flow through a capillary bed. Capillaries are the blood vessels that have a wall composed only of endothelium. Section: 05.02

What does an ECG record? brain activity blood volume heart sounds hormonal changes electrical changes

electrical changes *An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical changes that occur in myocardium during a cardiac cycle. Section: 05.03

The innermost layer of an artery is known as what? mesothelium endothelium exothelium hyperthelium hypothelium

endothelium *The innermost layer of an artery is known as the endothelium. Section: 05.02

In someone with terrible allergies, what leukocyte levels would be elevated? neutrophil, eosinophil monocyte, megakaryocyte eosinophil, basophil lymphocyte, monocyte megakaryocyte, basophil

eosinophil, basophil *Eosinophils and basophils are elevated in those with allergies. Section: 06.03

Which layer of the skin is responsible for tanning?

epidermis

Which of the following cells would have a greater probability of developing into cancer?

epithelial cells

Which type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

epithelial tissue

RBCs are better known as ________ and WBCs are better known as ___________. lymphocytes, monocytes erythrocytes, eosinophils leukocytes, erythrocytes erythrocytes, leukocytes macrophages, neutrophils

erythrocytes, leukocytes *RBCs are better known as erythrocytes and WBCs are better known as leukocytes. Section: 06.01

What hormone produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells? carbonic anhydrase prolactin erythropoietin adrenalin lipase

erythropoietin *The hormone erythropoietin produced in the kidneys stimulates production of red blood cells. Section: 06.02

Scientists who have a financial stake in a company are now required to state that when they do research. This is an example of

ethics in science.

Four million years ago, horses were rather small compared to today's horses and had relatively stocky bodies with a straight shoulder and thick neck. This statement is an example of which biological concept?

evolution

The development of resistance of MRSA bacteria to antibiotics is an example of

evolution

The process of change that produces the diversity of life on Earth is called

evolution

What is the unifying principle of the biological sciences?

evolution

In an experiment designed to test the effect of temperature on goldfish respiration, the temperatures that were changed represent what type of variable?

experimental

12. Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria

false

29. Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and plants.

false

31. Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA.

false

4. Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

false

8. Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

false

A hydrolysis reaction involves the loss of water.

false

A solution with a pH of 7 has 10 times as many H+ as a pH of 6.

false

ATP is called the energy currency of the body because it is a type of electricity.

false

All amino acids are alike in that their R groups are polar.

false

Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of actin filaments.

false

Fats and oils function well as energy-storage molecules because they contain carbon.

false

If the control group in an experiment shows the same results as the test group, the treatment was successful.

false

In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell via active transport.

false

Lymph contains no cells.

false

Only the nervous and endocrine systems are involved in homeostasis.

false

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood.

false

The cells in bone tissue are found scattered throughout the matrix and are not connected to each other.

false

The function of RNA in the body is to store the genetic information in the nucleus.

false

The main function of carbohydrates is for long-term energy storage.

false

There is no matrix in blood because it is a liquid.

false

Which of the following is not considered a basic tissue type?

fat

Which blood vessel will have the greatest amount of oxygen? femoral artery pulmonary artery vena cava jugular all of these are equal

femoral artery *The femoral artery is the only blood vessel listed that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood to the heart and the jugular carries deoxygenated blood from the brain to the vena cava. Section: 05.05

The final reaction in blood clotting is fibrinogen → fibrin. platelets → prothrombin activator. prothrombin → thrombin. plasmin → fibrin. fibrin → thrombin.

fibrinogen → fibrin. *The final reaction in blood clotting is fibrinogen → fibrin. Section: 06.04

If there is a problem with clotting, what plasma protein may be involved? fibrinogens gamma globulins alpha globulins albumins beta globulins

fibrinogens *Fibrinogens are plasma proteins that when activated aid in the proper clotting of blood. Section: 06.01

Todd's father slipped a disk in his back. Dr. Foster explained to the family that the intervertebral disks are composed of

fibrocartilage.

What is the major function of the colon? digestion/absorption form feces churning foodstuffs passageway only eliminate iron

form feces *The major function of the colon is to form feces. Section: 09.05

The two components of blood are

formed elements and plasma.

The two major components of blood are red blood cells and white blood cells. plasma and serum. plasma and red blood cells. formed elements and plasma. platelets and plasma.

formed elements and plasma. Formed elements and plasma are the two major components of the blood. Section: 06.01

The Domain Eukarya contain(s) ______ kingdom(s).

four

Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine. What does this do to her heart rate? increases it decreases it stops it does not alter it makes it skip every other beat

increases it Epinephrine stimulates the heart to beat faster. Section: 05.03

While observing cardiac muscle under the microscope for the first time, Jennifer noticed lines running perpendicular to the direction of the muscle. These lines are called

intercalated discs.

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency? iodine copper zinc selenium manganese

iodine *Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis and too little results in a thyroid deficiency. Section: 09.06

CaCl2 is a salt that forms as the result of what type of bond?

ionic

One of the difficulties with publication of research in scientific journals is that it

is technical and may be difficult for a layperson to read.

Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart? atrioventricular bundle atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers sinoatrial node semilunar valve

semilunar valve *Only the semilunar valve is not involved in the internal conduction system of the heart. Section: 05.03

Which of the following is not a function of blood? transport defense regulation pumping carry oxygen

pumping *The major functions of the blood include transport, defense, and regulation. The heart does the pumping. Section: 06.01

Which of the following is not a function of proteins?

quick energy

After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called thrombin. fibrinogen. serum. lymph. plasma.

serum. *After blood clots, the yellowish fluid that escapes from the clot is called serum. Section: 06.04

In turning a page, you would mainly be using what type of muscle?

skeletal muscle

Which of following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? liver salivary glands small intestines pancreas gallbladder

small intestines *The small intestines are part of the digestive system, not an accessory organ. Section: 09.01

Lymphatic vessels serve to absorb fat molecules from the

small intestines.

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called frenula. sphincters. cannula. anastomoses. buccinators.

sphincters. *Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called sphincters. Section: 09.02

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure? stethoscope CPR sphygmomanometer ECG AED

sphygmomanometer *A sphygmomanometer is an instrument used to measure blood pressure. Section: 05.04

Mrs. Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95. These numbers indicate that she has __________. normal blood pressure prehypertension hypotension stage 1 hypertension stage 2 hypertension

stage 1 hypertension Stage 1 hypertension has a systolic number between 140 and 159, and a diastolic number between 90 and 99. Section: 05.04

What gives rise to all the formed elements of the blood? megakaryocytes macrophages reticulocytes stem cells erythroblasts

stem cells *Multipotent stem cells give rise to all the formed elements of the blood. Section: 06.01

The sex hormones belong to which category of lipids?

steroids

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the stomach. small intestine. mouth. large intestine. esophagus.

stomach *Pepsin acts in the stomach. Section: 09.03

The pleurae would be found in which body system?

the respiratory system

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart? medulla oblongata the sinoatrial node the atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers atrioventricular bundle

the sinoatrial node *The sinoatrial node is called the pacemaker because it regulates heartbeat. Section: 05.03

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are alike in that

they are all made of glucose.

What cavities develop from the ventral cavity?

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

Mark suffers from nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow. This is called thrombocytopenia. thromboembolism. hemophilia. prothrombin disease. sickle-cell anemia.

thrombocytopenia Nosebleeds and gastrointestinal bleeding due to increased breakdown of platelets outside the marrow is a condition called thrombocytopenia. Section: 06.04

Specialized cells that work together to perform a common function are called

tissues

The purpose of informed consent is

to ensure the patient knows the risks and is volunteering.

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? to ingest food to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes to absorb nutrient molecules to eliminate indigestible remains to protect against pathogens

to protect against pathogens *The immune system protects against pathogens. Section: 09.01

15. When ATP is broken down, heat is released.

true

34. The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.

true

38. Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.

true

A malfunction with the microtubules would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.

true

A probability value of less than 5% in a scientific study is acceptable.

true

An element cannot be broken down by chemical means.

true

An important part of scientific research is repeatability.

true

During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.

true

Fats are usually of animal origin while oils are usually of plant origin.

true

Humans are part of the biosphere and must live in harmony with it if we are to survive as a species.

true

If temperature were controlled by a positive feedback mechanism, the body's temperature would continue to rise.

true

Moving from the outside of the body, the first type of tissue encountered is epithelial tissue.

true

NaCl is not an organic molecule.

true

Our body is capable of converting starch into glycogen.

true

Radiation can produce both positive and negative effects for humans.

true

Schwann cells are a type of neuroglia found outside of the brain.

true

Skin accounts for nearly 15% of the weight of an average human.

true

Smooth muscle in the bladder contracts sending urine into the urethra.

true

The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.

true

The presence of a buffer in our blood is an example of homeostasis.

true

Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight.

true

With a negative feedback system, the value in question will vary around the set point.

true

Which of the following body parts is surrounded by a mucous membrane?

tubes of the digestive system

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is NOT found in DNA?

uracil

Which of the following body systems is located in a specific cavity of the body?

urinary system

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the epiglottis. uvula. pharynx. adenoid. cecum.

uvula *The uvula is the fleshy extension of the soft palate. Section: 09.02

At any one time, where is the majority of the blood found in the body? veins lungs lymphatic vessels capillaries arteries

veins *Veins can serve as a blood reservoir, holding about 70% of the blood. Section: 05.02

Which vitamin is fat soluble? vitamin C vitamin E vitamin B6 vitamin B12 biotin

vitamin E *Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin. Section: 09.06

The vitamin necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation (found in green vegetables and released by intestinal bacteria) is vitamin B. vitamin D. vitamin A. vitamin E. vitamin K.

vitamin K. *Vitamin K is necessary for fibrinogen and prothrombin formation. Section: 06.04

Which of the following is not one of the four classes of organic molecules found in cells?

vitamins

After studying biology, it is hoped that you

will be better able to make wise decisions regarding your own well being and the Earth's.

In a graph, the experimental variable is plotted on the

x axis

About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are young men. older women. young women. older men. seniors

young women. *Young women are most affected by anorexia nervosa. Section: 09.06

The cell you are examining under the microscope appears to contain a nucleus. This organism belongs to the domain

Eukarya

Choose the following interest group that should be held most responsible for the future roles of new scientific technologies.

Everyone

Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index of 20 or greater. True False

F *The body mass index for obesity is 30 or greater. Section: 09.06

White blood cells are like red blood cells in that they only live for a matter of days. True False

False *Some white blood cells may only live for a few days but others can live for months or even years. Section: 06.03

Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?

A. glycolysis

How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?

A. larger than a ribosome

2. The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the

A. matrix.

Which protein filaments are bundled together to form cilia?

A. microtubules

Which of the following does not utilize active transport?

A. movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood

30. Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A. plasma membrane

32. The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a

A. plasma membrane.

What components make up the ribosomes?

A. proteins and rRNA

Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning cilia?

A. recurrent respiratory infections

Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move?

A. sperm

13. If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

A. the outer mitochondrial membrane

What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell?

A. to synthesize proteins

Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then

A. vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface

Explain the functions of adhesion junctions, gap junctions, and tight junctions in human cells.

Adhesion junctions serve to mechanically attach adjacent cells to each other. This type of junction allows movement of molecules between connected cells. It forms a porous type of barrier. Gap junctions serve to communicate information between cells. It forms a channel that allows for the rapid movement of molecules from one cell to the next. Tight junctions make solid connections between adjacent cells. These cells form a solid barrier.

Which body system does not dump some product into the blood? the urinary system the muscular system the digestive system the respiratory system All body systems dump wastes into the blood

All body systems dump wastes into the blood *All tissues dump wastes into the blood, so all body systems are intimately involved with the blood. Section: 06.06

A species has been discovered that is able to live in boiling hot springs. This organism most likely belongs to the domain

Archaea

When dissecting a specimen, Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins. Why? Veins return blood to the heart against gravity. Arteries contain a greater volume of blood. Veins have valves. Arteries are under greater pressure. Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.

Arteries are under greater pressure. *Arteries are thicker and more elastic than veins because they are under greater pressure. Section: 05.02

In conducting a review of the literature on the Internet, which of the following sources would be the least reliable?

Astrology and Medicine

What type of hepatitis is usually acquired through blood transfusions or sexual contact? B A C D E

B *Hepatitis B is acquired through sexual contact, blood transfusions, or contaminated needles. Section: 09.04

Robby has type B positive blood. His blood will contain A and Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. A but no Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. B but no Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. B and Rh antigens, and no antibodies.

B and Rh antigens, and anti-A antibodies. *Robby will possess both B antigens and Rh antigens on his red blood cells, and antibodies against A. Section: 06.05

17. ________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

B. Cells

The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of

B. DNA and proteins.

Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood cells?

B. The cells burst.

1. What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?

B. cristae

33. What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell?

B. cytoplasm

What is the relationship between Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease? Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn's disease. They are two separate diseases but both affect only the colon. In Crohn's disease, the colon is affected, but in inflammatory bowel disease only the small intestine is affected. In Crohn's disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. *Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases. Section: 09.05

24. Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what?

D. Viruses are not living

21. In developing embryos such as a chicken, what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements?

D. cell division

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

D. contains the genetic information

What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells?

D. lysosomes

3. The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called

D. metabolism.

23. What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?

D. micrograph

Centrosomes are associated with

D. microtubules.

18. The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

D.surface area to volume ratio

11. Explain what occurs during endocytosis.

During endocytosis a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates and forms a pouch in order to envelop a substance and fluid. As the membrane folds inward it will eventually pinch itself together forming a vesicle containing the substance or fluid inside of the cell.

Which organelle can be likened to a post office?

E. Golgi apparatus

A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called

E. a glycoprotein.

All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT

E. groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.

During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells.

E. hypertonic

10. The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.

E. lactate

___ glands are considered ductless glands, while ___ glands contain ducts.

Endocrine, exocrine

Only humans have a language that allows us to communicate information and experiences symbolically.

True

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans.

True

To make all subjects think they are receiving the same treatment, patients in the control group can receive a placebo.

True

Blood plays an important role in homeostasis. True False

True *Blood is involved in regulation of many important functions, including body temperature, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance. Section: 06.01

There is a hormone produced by the stomach that feeds back and acts on the stomach. True False

True *Gastrin produced from the lower stomach feeds back to stimulate the upper part of the stomach to produce digestive juice. Section: 09.04

Hemophilia is a genetic clotting disorder. True False

True *Hemophilia, which results in a deficiency in a clotting factor, is inherited and is therefore a genetic disorder. Section: 06.04

Generally, there are no symptoms of hypertension. True False

True *Hypertension is sometimes called a silent killer, because there are no symptoms present. Section: 05.07

At the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary. True False

True *It is true that at the arterial end of a capillary, blood pressure is more important than osmotic pressure to cause water to exit the capillary. Section: 05.06

The cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. True False

True *It is true that the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels. Section: 05.01

Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion. True False

True *Mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth by chewing and by peristalsis of the smooth muscles in the stomach. Section: 09.01

Red blood cells are unable to undergo mitosis. True False

True *Red blood cells do not have a nucleus so they cannot undergo mitosis. Section: 06.02

The blood from the digestive tract travels through two different veins before reaching the inferior vena cava. True False

True *The blood from the digestive tract travels through the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic vein before reaching the inferior vena cava. Section: 05.05

The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter. True False

True *The lower gastroesophageal sphincter and the pyloric sphincter are found at either end of the stomach. Section: 09.03

Excess tissue fluid becomes lymphatic fluid that eventually enters the blood stream. True False

True *The lymphatic system helps maintain blood volume by collecting excess tissue fluid and returning it to the blood. Section: 06.06

The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system as well as by digestive hormones. True False

True *The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates gastric secretions along with digestive hormones. Section: 09.04

What is a stent? a cylinder of expandable metal mesh time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery a treatment for phlebitis an instrument that regulates the heartbeat a treatment to lower blood pressure

a cylinder of expandable metal mesh *A stent is a cylinder of expandable metal mesh that is positioned inside a coronary artery. Section: 05.07

Joining small molecules (monomers) together to form longer chains (polymers) requires a process called

a dehydration reaction.

The tentative explanation to be tested is called

a hypothesis.

A combination of two or more atoms of the same type is called

a molecule.

When two amino acids combine via a dehydration reaction,

a peptide bond is formed.

When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs?

a phosphate bond is broken

The epithelial lining of the small intestine is modified for what function?

absorption

The stripes in skeletal muscle are due to the presence of

actin and myosin filaments.

Fish have scales that enable them to live in a water environment. This is an example of

adaptation

What are the most abundant plasma proteins that also establish the osmotic pressure of the plasma? fibrinogens gamma globulins astrocytes albumins hemoglobin

albumins . *Albumins are the most abundant plasma proteins and contribute by establishing the osmotic pressure of the plasma. Section: 06.01

The monomer unit of a protein is

amino acids.

Which of the following is not present in a nucleotide?

an R group

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of that element is called

an atom.

The region in which populations interact with each other and with the physical environment is called

an ecosystem.

If a person does not have enough iron in their diet, they may suffer from acidosis. blood doping. hemolysis. anemia. jaundice.

anemia *Anemia can be caused by an iron deficiency. Section: 06.02

What is the bursting of a blood vessel called? embolus aneurysm thrombus myocardial infarction stroke

aneurysm *An aneurysm is another name for a ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel. Section: 05.07

The information collected during the experiment or observation is called

data

The body's ability to maintain a relative constancy of its internal environment is called

homeostasis.

Humans clear forests to grow crops, and they build houses and cities. What are these an example of?

how humans modify the biosphere

The standard error tells

how uncertain a particular value is.

Carla is having problems with infections. Which body system is failing?

immune system

In an acidic solution

the number of H+ is greater than the number of OH-.

The reason water is polar is because

the oxygen atom is larger than the hydrogen atom.

Choose the CORRECT order (1-5) of increasing complexity/organization.

(1) cells, (2) tissues, (3) organs, (4) organ systems, (5) organism

Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?

A. gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide

According to the BMI chart, a healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. 25 to 29.9. 30 or higher. 40 or higher. 50 or higher.

18.5 to 24.9. *A healthy BMI is in the range of 18.5 to 24.9. A BMI in the range of 25 to 29.9 is considered an overweight BMI. A BMI in the range of 30 or higher is considered an obese BMI. A BMI in the range of 40 or higher is considered a morbidly obese BMI. A BMI of 50 or higher is not measured on the BMI chart. Section: 09.06

A species has 29% of its DNA composed of the nucleotide containing guanine (G). What percent does the nitrogen base thymine (T) equal?

21%

A fat contains how many fatty acids?

3

A test for metal toxicity looks at the amount of metal present in the red blood cell membrane. How long ago could this metal poisoning have occurred and still be found in the cell membrane? a few days a week a month 3 months 6 months

3 months *Red blood cells only live about 120 days, so the poisoning would have had to occur within the last 120 days. Section: 06.02

Be has an atomic number of 4 and an atomic mass of 9. How many protons does it have?

4

How many globin chains are found in hemoglobin? 0 1 2 3 4

4 *There are four globin chains in hemoglobin. Section: 06.02

A solution containing 0.00001 moles of H+ has a pH of

5

How much carbon dioxide is dissolved in the plasma? 0% 1% 5% 7% 10%

7% *About 7% of the carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma. Section: 06.02

If your pulse is 70 beats per minute, how fast is your heart beating? 140 beats per minute 35 beats per minute 70 beats per minute 120 beats per minute 80 beats per minute

70 beats per minute *Normally, the pulse rate indicates the heart rate because the arterial walls pulse whenever the left ventricle contracts. Section: 05.04

Carbon dating is a common method employed in dating certain kinds of fossils. It is based upon the radioactive decay of an isotope of carbon (C14). Referring to the atomic number of carbon attained from figure 2.1, how many neutrons does C14 have?

8

How many elements occur naturally?

92

What do type A positive and AB negative blood have in common? A and B antigens A antigens and Rh antigens, anti-B antibodies anti-B antibodies and Rh antigens A antigens, anti-B antibodies A antigens

A antigens *Blood type A positive has A antigens, Rh antigens, and anti-B antibodies. Blood type AB negative has A antigens, B antigens, and anti-Rh antibodies. The only thing they have in common is A antigens. Section: 06.05

What is iodine 131, used in medicine to produce various images of organs and tissues, called?

A tracer

7. What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration?

A. 38

A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium?

A. 50

16. If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle?

A. It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.

Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?

A. Louis Pasteur

Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely thin in size?

A. actin filaments

28. Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment should she use?

A. compound light microscope

Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction of the others?

A. exocytosis

In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is injected into one cell. Within minutes, the molecule has entered the adjacent cells. What type of junctions connect these cells?

A. gap junctions

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet? Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient. Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids. Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids. Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body. Brain cells require glucose.

Brain cells require glucose *Brain cells require glucose and are unable to convert fatty acids to glucose. Section: 09.06

A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems? C and B12 C, E, and A D and C D, C, and E B12, C, and E

C, E, and A *Vitamins C, E, and A are believed to defend the body against free radicals and are therefore termed antioxidants. Section: 09.06

26. The light microscope has a resolving power of

C. 0.0001 mm.

22. If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell?

C. 54nm2, 27nm3

36. Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong to?

C. Archaea

What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?

C. Golgi apparatus

Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

C. In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.

Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?

C. It is present in most every type of cell.

25. Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do this?

C. Use his eyes.

Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?

C. microbodies

27. What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?

C. scanning electron microscope

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

C. support

Which type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier?

C. tight junctions

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the liver to increase its production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile? GIP CCK HCl ATP NAD

CCK *CCK or cholecystokinin causes the liver to increase in production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile. Section: 09.04

Which of the following statements most correctly defines homeostasis

Cells and organisms must be able to maintain a fairly constant internal environment.

List, in order, the stages of aerobic cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis. The resulting pyruvates are modified and then moved into the citric acid cycle within the matrix of the mitochondria. The resulting NADH molecules from glycolysis are then moved to the electron transport chain in which they deliver electrons. The electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, producing ATP and ultimately combining with oxygen.

What passes through the digestive tract as fiber or roughage?

Cellulose

Humans evolved from apes.

False

Humans have identified and named almost all of the almost 15 million species on Earth.

False

Organisms are composed of multiple cells.

False

Blood clotting requires 12 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements leave the blood vessels. True False

False *Blood clotting requires 12 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. Section: 06.04

Blood clotting requires 6 clotting factors and calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. True False

False *Blood clotting requires at least 12 clotting factors along with calcium ions (Ca2+) to ensure that plasma and the formed elements remain in the blood vessels. Section: 06.04

Blood pressure plays a major role in returning venous blood to the heart. True False

False *Blood pressure plays only a small role in returning venous blood to the heart. Venous return is dependent on the skeletal muscle pump, the respiratory pump, and valves in veins. Section: 05.04

Diastolic pressure is when the heart atria are relaxing. True False

False *False, the diastolic pressure is when the heart ventricles are relaxing. Section: 05.04

The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the liver to the digestive tract. True False

False *False, the hepatic portal vein carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver. Section: 05.05

All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine. True False

False *Only the gallbladder and pancreas send secretions to the small intestine. Section: 09.01

The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. True False

False *Skeletal muscles are not considered part of the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01

Tissue fluid leaving the arterial end of the capillary is balanced by tissue fluid entering the venous end of the capillary. True False

False *Some tissue fluid does not re-enter the capillary and is collected by the lymphatic system. Section: 05.06

Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles. What does this do to her blood pressure? Why? It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.

It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels. *When arterioles dilate blood pressure falls because of the increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels. Section: 05.02

Which of the following is not a function of the liver? It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels. It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them. It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them. It produces bile.

It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine *The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Section: 09.04

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood. It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood. *As an exocrine gland it secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct. As an endocrine gland it secretes insulin into the blood. Section: 09.04

Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of all living things?

Living things contain a nucleus and organelles.

Viruses are not considered alive. Which of the following characteristics of living things do they lack?

Living things grow and develop.

In which of the following scenarios would hemolytic disease of the newborn be a possibility? Mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive. Both mom and dad are Rh negative. Both mom and dad are Rh positive. Mom is Rh positive and dad is Rh negative. Mom is blood type O and dad is blood type B.

Mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive. *Hemolytic disease of the newborn is only a possibility when mom is Rh negative and dad is Rh positive making the fetus Rh positive. The blood type of the parents does not play a role in hemolytic disease. Section: 06.05

What is the symbol for sodium?

Na

What type of tissue receives sensory input, integrates data, and conducts impulses?

Nervous tissue

Jeremy has type O negative blood. What type blood could he receive in a transfusion? O negative only A positive, A negative, B positive, and B negative A positive and B positive AB positive only AB negative only

O negative only *Jeremy cannot receive A positive or negative, B positive or negative, or AB positive or negative blood because he has antibodies against both A and B antigens. Section: 06.05

Ray is considered a universal donor. His blood type is O negative. A negative. B negative. AB negative. Rh negative.

O negative. *Blood type O negative is the universal donor because it has no antibodies against A, B, or Rh factors. Section: 06.05

________ observations are supported by factual information while _______ observations involve personal judgment.

Objective/subjective

A complex individual that consists of organ systems is known as a/an

Organism

Which of the following is an example of correlation without causation?

People who commit crimes also consume bread.

In a swamp, all of the alligators would represent a/an

Population

Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease? Know your cholesterol level. Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C). Raise the LDL intake. Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream. Exercise moderately.

Raise the LDL intake. *Raising the low density lipoprotein level (LDL) is not recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Section: 05.07

Jena and Seth could have a child with hemolytic disease of the newborn. Jena must be Rh negative. Rh positive. a carrier for anemia. blood type A. blood type O.

Rh negative. There is a danger of hemolytic disease of the newborn when the mother is Rh negative, the father is Rh positive, and the baby is Rh positive. Therefore, Jena must be Rh negative. The blood type of the mother has nothing to due with the risk of hemolytic disease. Anemia and hemolytic disease are not related at all. Section: 06.05

Robby could not produce the enzyme adenosine deaminase. As a result, he suffered from mononucleosis. cystic fibrosis. sickle cell anemia. SCID. Graves disease.

SCID *SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, results from the lack of adenosine deaminase. Section: 06.03

Which type of cell is neuroglia found outside of the brain?

Schwann cells

Which of the following statements explains the atomic bomb and the benefit of nuclear physics to cancer therapy?

Science and technology are not risk free.

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do? Nothing. A high coliform count is normal. Nothing. This is good for oyster production. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. Shut down the bay. This is harmful to the oysters. Nothing. A high coliform count would be beneficial to humans who ate the oysters.

Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters. *The officers should shut down the bay because this indicates fecal contamination of the water which could be harmful to people eating the oysters. Section: 09.05

Examine the section of the periodic table in Figure 2.1. Which element will behave similarly to C?

Si

Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet. True False

T *Diets that lack whole grain foods (and therefore fiber) can lead to constipation. Bulk laxatives, containing fiber, can reverse the situation. Section: 09.05

When a nutrition label states that something has "0" grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food. True False

T *If the amount of trans fats are less than 0.5 grams per serving, it can be listed on the label as "0 trans fat" even though there are some trans fats present. Section: 09.06

Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action. True False

T *Swallowing has a voluntary phase. However, once food or drink is pushed back far enough, swallowing becomes a reflex action. Section: 09.02

What happens to the excess fluid that leaves the capillaries at the venous end? The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. There is no excess fluid, 100% always returns to the capillary beds. The excess fluid is excreted by the kidneys. The excess fluid is reabsorbed by the intestines. The excess fluid will accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.

The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. *The excess fluid is collected in the lymphatic capillaries. There is always some fluid left over since 100% does not return to the venous capillaries. It is not excreted or reabsorbed by the kidneys. It doesn't accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture. Section: 05.06

Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries. Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets. Almost all capillaries are open at the same time. The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow. The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.

The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. *The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries. Section: 05.02

A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees. Why? The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude. Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights. The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart. The capillaries expand at high altitudes. The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart.

The skeletal muscle pump below the knees is not helping blood return to the heart. *The skeletal muscle pump functions every time a muscle contracts. If the person is not moving, the muscles do not contract, and the blood pools in the lower extremities. Section: 05.04

On a warm day in April, Tina jumped into the swimming pool. To her surprise the water was really cold. Which property of water did she discover?

The temperature of liquid water rises and falls slowly.

Which of the following is not a basic theory of biology?

Theory of gravity

Why does blood move slower in the capillaries compared to the arterioles? Capillaries are much wider than arterioles. Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles. There are many more capillaries than arterioles. Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries. Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.

There are many more capillaries than arterioles. *There are many more capillaries than arterioles and the increase in cross-sectional area causes a decrease in blood flow. Section: 05.04

Which of the following is not a characteristic of infectious mononucleosis? It is caused by an Epstein-Barr virus. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands. There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation. Active EBV can be passed in saliva. The virus remains within a person's body for the rest of his/her life.

There is uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation *Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, which does not involve uncontrollable white blood cell proliferation. Section: 06.03

Why is He over Ne in the periodic table? (Refer to Figure 2.1)

They both have a full outermost orbital.

How are fats, phospholipids, and steroids alike?

They do not dissolve in water.

Which of the following statements is an objective observation?

This package is larger than that one.

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch?

Transitional epithelium

If mom has already developed anti-Rh antibodies during her first pregnancy, a RhoGAM shot will not help her second pregnancy. True False

True *The purpose of a RhoGAM shot is to prevent the formation of anti-Rh antibodies. If they are already formed, the shot will not help. Section: 06.05

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine. True False

True *The small intestine is about 18 feet in length while the large intestine is only about 4 1/2 feet in length. Section: 09.03

Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma. True False

True *Tissue fluid tends to contain all components of plasma, except much lower amounts of proteins, which are too large to readily pass out of the capillary. Section: 05.06

The most abundant component of plasma is water. True False

True *Water makes up 91% of plasma. Section: 06.01

Hormones produced by the endocrine system regulate blood volume and blood cell formation. True False

True The endocrine system assists the cardiovascular system by producing hormones that regulate blood volume and blood cell formation. Section: 06.06

The systemic circuit contains more blood at any one time than does the pulmonary circuit. True False

True The systemic circuit is a much larger circuit and contains many more blood vessels. It contains more blood than does the pulmonary circuit. Section: 05.05

Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect? Nuclease-DNA Lipase-fat Pepsin-protein Amylase-starch Trypsin-carbohydrates

Trypsin-carbohydrates *Trypsin is an enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests proteins. Section: 09.03

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids? Remove skin from poultry. Broil rather than fry. Use butter instead of herbs and spices. Use lemon juice instead of salad dressing. Avoid packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats.

Use butter instead of herbs and spices. *Using butter instead of herbs and spices is not recommended for reducing dietary lipids. Section: 09.06

William noticed blood mysteriously climbing up a capillary tube. This is an example of which property of water?

Water molecules are cohesive.

If a person is dehydrated, how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries? It will have no effect. Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues. Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary. Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.

Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues. *If a person is dehydrated, this will increase their osmotic pressure (more solutes dissolved in the liquid fraction of the blood). This would result in less water leaving the capillaries and entering the tissues. Section: 05.06

When Jennifer had to receive a gamma globulin shot after being exposed to hepatitis, the gamma globulins were serving what function? blood clotting agents transport molecules for cholesterol and iron antibodies osmoregulatory molecules transport molecules for glucose

antibodies *Gamma globulins serve as antibodies and will protect someone exposed to hepatitis. Section: 06.01

B lymphocytes are associated with antibody production. megakaryocyte breakdown. macrophage production. antigen production. allergic reactions.

antibody production. *B lymphocytes are associated with antibody production. Section: 06.03

Where in the body is blood pressure the highest? superior vena cava aorta inferior vena cava lung capillaries renal capillaries

aorta *Blood pressure is highest in the aorta. Section: 05.04

What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit? femoral carotid pulmonary hepatic aorta

aorta *The aorta is the largest artery in the systemic circuit. Section: 05.05

Which of the following is the largest artery of the systemic circuit? aorta vena cava femoral artery carotid artery pulmonary artery

aorta *The aorta is the largest artery of the systemic circuit. The vena cava is a vein of the systemic circuit. The femoral artery and carotid artery are not as large as the aorta. The pulmonary artery is part of the pulmonary circuit. Section: 05.05

The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________. aorta superior vena cava left pulmonary vein inferior vena cava left common carotid artery

aorta *The right ventricle pumps blood out through the pulmonary trunk. The left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta. Section: 05.03

Mature human red blood cells have a nucleus. are biconcave discs without a nucleus. are rare in the bloodstream. carry plasma. fight pathogens.

are biconcave discs without a nucleus. *Mature human red blood cells are biconcave discs without a nucleus. Section: 06.02

Both red blood cells and white blood cells are derived from the same original stem cell. have a nucleus. have hemoglobin. have mitochondria and other organelles. can carry carbon dioxide in the blood.

are derived from the same original stem cell. *All of the formed elements in the blood originally came from the same type stem cell. Section: 06.03

Hydrogen bonds

are relatively weak and can be broken rather easily.

What drug may protect against having a first heart attack? acetominophen aspirin ACE t-PA beta-blockers

aspirin *There is evidence that aspirin protects against first heart attacks. Section: 05.07

The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease? hypotension aneurysm hypertension atherosclerosis infarction

atherosclerosis *The AHA recommends such a diet to prevent the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Section: 05.07

What are the upper chambers of the heart called? atria auricles AV valves ventricles septa

atria *The atria are the upper collecting chambers of the heart. Section: 05.03

The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins. bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugars.

bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar. *Dental caries or cavities occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar. Section: 09.02

In epithelial tissues, what serves to anchor the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue?

basement membrane

What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine? lipase bile amylase pepsin maltase

bile *In the small intestines, bile serves as an emulsifying agent for fats. Lipase hydrolyzes fats. Amylase digests starch in the mouth. Pepsin digests proteins. Maltase digests carbohydrates. Section: 09.03

Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas? bile sodium bicarbonate amylase trypsin lipase

bile *The pancreas secretes all of these but bile. Section: 09.04

Sweating is a physiological process that seeks to maintain

body temperature.

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting? calcium iron magnesium sodium sulfur

calcium *Calcium is important for all of these. Section: 09.06

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods can cause LDL levels to increase. can cause HDL levels to decrease. can cause fatty acids to build up. can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. *Eating foods with a high glycemic index can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose. Section: 09.06

Which of the following blood vessels are small, thin, and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization? arterioles capillaries venules small arteries veins

capillaries *Capillaries are narrow, microscopic tubes that are porous enough to allow for the exchange of substances at the tissue level of organization. Section: 05.02

Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called oxyhemoglobin. betahemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. alphahemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin.

carbaminohemoglobin Hemoglobin that carries carbon dioxide is called carbaminohemoglobin. Section: 06.02

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________. neurological disorders peritonitis vitamin deficiencies cardiovascular disease asthma

cardiovascular disease *Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to cardiovascular disease. Section: 09.02

Alison was looking at a tissue under the microscope. It had cells within lacuna and the matrix was glassy looking. What type of tissue is she looking at?

cartilage

The three major components of connective tissue are

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers.

Gynecologists perform yearly pap smears for women. This procedure is important in early diagnosis and prevention of what type of cancer?

cervical cancer

What are the string-like structures in the heart that anchor the valves? cingulated pectorale chordae tendinae corpus albicans corpus callosum choroid plexus

chordae tendinae *The chordae tendinae are strong fibrous strings that serve to anchor the valves of the heart. Section: 05.03

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called bolus. pepsin. chyme. lacteal. lipase.

chyme *The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme. Section: 09.03

Agglutination refers to the production of antibodies. destruction of red blood cells. development of platelets. production of lymphocytes. clumping of red blood cells.

clumping of red blood cells. *Agglutination refers to the clumping of red blood cells. Section: 06.05

What protein provides flexibility and strength to connective tissues?

collagen

What is the role of the lymphatic system associated with the cardiovascular system? collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system producing excess tissue fluids and returning it to the urinary system prevention of infection

collecting excess tissue fluids and returning it to the cardiovascular system *The key role of the lymphatic system as it is associated with the cardiovascular system is to collect excess tissue fluid and return it to the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01

The production of leukocytes is regulated by rennin. erythropoietin. colony-stimulating factor. folic acid. prolactin.

colony-stimulating factor *The production of leukocytes is regulated by colony-stimulating factor. Section: 06.03

Which blood vessel will supply oxygenated blood directly to the femoral artery? common iliac artery femoral vein aorta common iliac vein inferior vena cava

common iliac artery The common iliac artery will directly supply oxygenated blood to the femoral vein. This blood then goes to the lower leg capillaries which then go to the lower leg veins which then go to the femoral vein which then go to the common iliac vein which then empties into the inferior vena cava. The aorta supplies oxygenated blood to the common iliac artery. Section: 05.05

Ca3(PO4)2 represents a/an

compound

Atoms that share electrons have what type of bonds?

covalent

Traditions, beliefs, and values are considered what aspect of human life?

cultural

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue? atria and auricles septae and chordae intercalated disks myocardium and pericardium gap junctions and desmosomes

gap junctions and desmosomes *Gap junctions and desmosomes are types of cell junctions found in intercalated disks of the myocardium. Section: 05.03

Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine? many villi gastric pits brush border enzymes lacteals bile and lipase

gastric pits *Gastric pits are located in the stomach. Section: 09.03

Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub it was determined that it was not suffering from a heart attack but from diverticulitis. gastroesophageal reflux disease. gingivitis. peridontitis. inflammatory bowel syndrome.

gastroesophageal reflux disease. *GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can also cause intense chest pain. Section: 09.02

Which polysaccharide is branched the most?

glycogen

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities? tonsils mandible and maxilla hard and soft palate cheeks salivary glands

hard and soft palate *The roof of the mouth, composed of the hard and soft palates, separate the oral cavity from the nasal cavities. Section: 09.02

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system? heart and blood vessels arteries and heart veins and heart arteries and veins capillaries and veins

heart and blood vessels *The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels. Section: 05.01

If your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? heme globin chains carbonic acid carbon dioxide biocarbonate ion

heme *This is referred to as jaundice, caused by the failure of the liver to excrete heme. Section: 06.02

What part of the hemoglobin molecule actually binds the oxygen molecule? What part binds carbon dioxide? globin chain, globin chain heme, heme globin chain, heme heme, globin chain cell membrane, cell wall

heme, globin chain *The heme contains the iron that accepts oxygen. Carbon dioxide binds to the globin chain. Section: 06.02

What makes the blood red? albumin hemoglobin fibrinogen globulins platelets

hemoglobin *Hemoglobin is a pigment that makes red blood cells and blood red. Section: 06.02

What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver? cephalic hepatic portal coronary celiac lymphatic

hepatic portal *The hepatic portal system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver. Section: 05.05

Coagulation contributes to homeostasis by keeping the blood within the vessels. regulating body temperature. destroying pathogens. removing debris from the blood. maintaining the pH of the blood.

keeping the blood within the vessels. *Coagulation keeps the blood within the vessels so that we do not bleed to death. Section: 06.04

How does the muscular system benefit the blood? protects the vessels keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels regulates the acid-base balance of the blood maintains blood volume produces the blood cells

keeps blood moving through the heart and vessels *Muscle contraction keeps blood moving through the heart and in the blood vessels, particularly the veins. Section: 06.06

Which of the following is responsible for the waterproofing of skin?

keratin

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as mesenteries. lacteals. gastric glands. duodenal pits. microvilli.

lacteals. *The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as lacteals. Section: 09.03

If the left semilunar valve was blocked, where would blood accumulate? lungs right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle

left ventricle *The left ventricle contracts, sending blood through the semilunar valve into the aorta. If the valve was blocked, the blood would back up in the left ventricle. Section: 05.03

Which term refers to uncontrolled growth of white blood cells? leukemia infectious mononucleosis thrombocytopenia hemophilia thromboembolism

leukemia *Leukemia is the uncontrolled growth of white blood cells. Infectious mononucleosis is when the lymphocytes are mononuclear. Thrombocytopenia is an insufficient number of platelets. Hemophilia is an inherited clotting disorder. A thromboembolism is when a blood clot prevents blood from reaching certain tissues. Section: 06.03

As a result of an infection, which component of blood would increase?

leukocytes

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis? brain lungs liver gallbladder spleen

liver *Since the liver removes iron from the blood, it is affected by hemochromatosis. Section: 09.04

When Sheree opened the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, it seemed to be filled with a dark brown organ. This is the liver. pancreas. gallbladder. stomach. large intestine.

liver *The largest gland in the body is the liver. It lies in the abdominal cavity. Section: 09.04

Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol? liver stomach kidneys esophagus large intestine

liver *The liver is often diseased because the liver removes toxins and chemicals from the blood. Excessive amounts of alcohol removed by the liver often damages the liver tissue. Section: 05.01

Which accessory organ of the digestive system will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification? liver gallbladder pancreas stomach small intestine

liver *The liver will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends it to the small intestine. The pancreas produces pancreatic juices and insulin. The stomach will secrete acid and digestive enzymes as well as absorb nutrients. The small intestine will mix chyme with digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, and secrete digestive enzymes into the blood. Section: 09.01

What are the two forms of fibrous connective tissue?

loose fibrous and dense fibrous

The excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system is called _______. lymph plasma blood tissue fluid urine

lymph *Lymph is the excess fluid from the cardiovascular system that enters the lymphatic system. Section: 05.01

Which body system will return excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system? lymphatic urinary neural digestive muscular

lymphatic *The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system. Section: 05.01

Which of the following are agranular leukocytes? neutrophils and basophils lymphocytes and monocytes eosinophils and monocytes monocytes and neutrophils neutrophils and lymphocytes

lymphocytes and monocytes *Lymphocytes and monocytes are agranular leukocytes. Section: 06.03

Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into megakaryocytes. neutrophils. globulins. macrophages. fibrinogens.

macrophages *Monocytes are large blood cells that differentiate into macrophages. Section: 06.03

Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?

maltose

Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center? cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum pons frontal lobe

medulla oblongata *The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac control center. Section: 05.03

Which organisms are most closely related to humans?

meerkats

Sugars with three to seven carbon atoms are called

monosaccharides

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract? mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, and anus mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, and anus

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus *The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.01

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa. serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa. mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. *The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside in order are the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis, and the serosa. Section: 09.01

A person with O negative blood has what antigens on their red blood cells? A only B only A and Rh B and Rh neither A, B, nor Rh

neither A, B, nor Rh *A person with O negative blood has neither A, B, nor Rh antigens on their red blood cells. Section: 06.05

Which of the following is mismatched to its location in the skin?

nerves/blood vessels--epidermis

Jacob looked up and saw the car. This information was relayed to him via what type of tissue?

nervous

The specialized cells in the nervous system that serve to conduct a signal are known as

neurons

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of

neutrons

Jessica is interested in a new vitamin pill her friend recommended. Her friend told her that it really helped her. Should Jessica accept this type of evidence?

no

What do type O negative and type AB positive blood have in common? A and B antigens, no antibodies A antigens, anti-B antibodies B antigens, no antibodies no antibodies nothing

nothing *Type O negative blood has no antigens and anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies. Type AB positive blood has A, B, and Rh antigens, and no antibodies. They have nothing in common. Section: 06.05

In an atom, the number of protons always equals the number

of electrons.

Which two types of cells make myelin?

oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells

Approximately how many oxygen molecules can a single RBC carry? less than 10 one hundred one thousand one million one billion

one billion *Each hemoglobin molecule can transport 4 molecules of oxygen and each red blood cell contains about 280 million hemoglobin molecules. Section: 06.02

During open heart surgery, the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________. myocardium left ventricle pericardium right ventricle left atrium

pericardium *The heart is surrounded by a thick, membranous sac called the pericardium that would have to be cut through to reach the heart. Section: 05.03

What is the name of the thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart? mesothelium endothelium pericardium myocardium epicardium

pericardium *The pericardium is a thick, membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Section: 05.03

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called peritoneum. periosteum. peristalsis. perineum. peridontal.

peristalsis *The rhythmic contractions of the digestive tract that allow movement of foodstuff is called peristalsis. Section: 09.02

If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. diverticulitis. rickets. osteoporosis. cirrhosis.

peritonitis. *A burst appendix may lead to a life threatening condition called peritonitis. Section: 09.05

ATP carries energy in the form of high-energy

phosphate bonds.

The membranes of cells are composed of

phospholipids

Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells? RBCs WBCs platelets albumins globulins

platelets *Platelets are cell fragments of whole cells called megakaryocytes. Section: 06.01

The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of leukocytes. erythrocytes. albumins. platelets. globulins.

platelets *The fragmentation of very large megakaryocytes results in the production of platelets. Section: 06.04

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called cysts. villi. polyps. lacteals. wheals.

polyps. *Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon. Section: 09.05

What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule? precapillary valve endothelium precapillary sphincter pericardium shunt valve

precapillary sphincter *The precapillary sphincter shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule. Section: 05.02

What is the function of valves in the veins? increase the rate of blood flow prevent the backward flow of blood regulation of blood pressure oxygenate the blood remove debris from the blood

prevent the backward flow of blood *In the lower extremities, valves prevent the backflow of blood from occurring. Section: 05.02

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine? absorb iron absorb fats produce vitamin B produce bile absorb water

produce vitamin B *Resident bacteria in the large intestine serve to produce vitamin B, as well as vitamin K, and breakdown indigestible material. Section: 09.05

Which of the following is not a function of the integument?

production of white blood cells

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of

protons

One of the dangers of smoking is that it disrupts the defensive system that utilizes ciliary action of what type of specialized epithelia?

pseudostratified epithelium

Which blood vessel of the pulmonary circuit will carry deoxygenated blood? pulmonary artery pulmonary vein vena cava aorta all of these carry deoxygenated blood

pulmonary artery *The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The vena cava is not part of the pulmonary circuit. The aorta is not part of the pulmonary circuit and carries oxygenated blood. Section: 05.05

Which of the following could be used to take a pulse? radial vein radial artery inferior vena cava superior vena cava renal capillaries

radial artery *It is customary to feel the pulse by placing several fingers on the radial artery. The rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall can be felt as a pulse in any artery that runs close to the body's surface. Section: 05.04

What carries oxygen in the blood?

red blood cells

Which of the following substances is not considered part of blood plasma? dissolved O2 glucose urea albumin red blood cells

red blood cells *Red blood cells are part of the formed elements, not the plasma. Section: 06.01

Which of the following is not a role the skeletal system plays in helping the cardiovascular system? protects the heart protects the brain regulates the contraction of the heart stores calcium for blood clotting assists muscles in movement of blood in veins

regulates the contraction of the heart *The nervous system regulates the contraction of the heart. Section: 06.06

Which of the following is not involved in body temperature homeostasis?

respiration rate

Which systems function in adjustment of the acid-base balance of the blood?

respiratory and urinary

The face of a sunflower turns to follow the sun as it moves across the sky. This is an example of

response to stimuli.

In the pulmonary circuit, veins carry oxygen-____ blood, and in the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-_____ blood. rich, rich poor, poor rich, poor poor, rich

rich, poor *In the pulmonary circuit, the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the lungs. In the systemic circuit, veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. Section: 05.05

Dr. Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus, the internal organs are reversed in their orientation. Thus, the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___. middle right left front back

right *Normally, the apex of the heart is tilted to the left. In situs inversus the apex of the heart is tilted to the right. Section: 05.03

A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm. What is the first chamber of the heart that the dye will reach? right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle aorta

right atrium *The veins from the body empty into the right atrium. Blood flow then enters the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, and leaves the heart through the aorta. Section: 05.03

Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs? right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle aorta

right ventricle *Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the lungs. Section: 05.03

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit? right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle aorta

right ventricle Section: 05.05

When comparing the cardiovascular system to a city, what is it similar to? roads government building grocery stores waste recycling plant power plant

roads *The cardiovascular system is similar to the roads which transport goods between all of the other places in the city. Section: 05.01

What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach? crypts lumens polyps rugae diverticula

rugae *The mucosa of the stomach has deep folds called rugae that greatly increase the capacity of the stomach. Section: 09.03

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth? salivary lipase salivary protease salivary sucrase salivary amylase salivary lactase

salivary amylase *Salivary amylase initiates the process of starch digestion. Section: 09.02

Bone cancer and other cancers of connective tissue are called

sarcomas.

A fatty acid that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms is considered

saturated

Which type of gland can become blocked and form a "blackhead?"

sebaceous

An alpha helix or a beta sheet are examples of what level of protein structure?

secondary

The primary function of the stomach is to break down fats. store food, churn, and begin protein digestion. absorb major nutrients. package feces. eliminate water and tissue fluid.

store food, churn, and begin protein *The primary function of the stomach is to store food, churn, and begin digestion. Section: 09.03

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the mucosa. submucosa. muscularis. serosa. diverticulum.

submucosa. *The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the submucosa. Section: 09.01

The sides of the DNA ladder (backbone) are

sugars and phosphates.

Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie. Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid? parasympathetic somatic sympathetic axial

sympathetic *The sympathetic nervous system causes the heart to beat faster in responses associated with "fight or flight." Section: 05.03

Normal blood pressure is 120/80. What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart? systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing

systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart *The highest arterial pressure is the top number, called the systolic pressure. This is reached during ejection of blood from the heart. Section: 05.04

What makes each amino acid unique?

the R group

The cause of stomach ulcers appears to be

the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

The major portions of the large intestine include the duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the jejunum, colon, and anus. the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum. the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. *The major portions of the large intestine include the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. Section: 09.05

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what? the closing of the AV valves the closing of the semilunar valves the right atrium contracting the left atrium contracting the relaxation of both atria

the closing of the AV valves *The "lub" occurs when increasing pressure of blood inside a ventricle forces the cusps of the AV valves to slam shut. Section: 05.03

What characteristic can be used to differentiate bone and cartilage?

the flexibility of the matrix

What membrane is infected in meningitis?

the lining of the brain and spinal cord