past in perspective chapter 6

the incised artifacts recovered at Blombos Cave in South Africa appear to be about how old:

100,000 years

The time gap between the first appearance of anatomically modern human beings in the fossil record and the widespread behavioral modernity of Upper Paleolithic culture is about:

150,000 years

the earliest glimmerings of artistic expression found at Pinnacle Cave, in South Africa, date back about:

164,000 years

the oldest evidence for the production of ceramic vessels- pottery- dates to:

19,000 years ago in Upper Paleolithic China

what is the time period of the Aurignacian tradition:

34,000-27,000 years ago

the oldest venus figurine dates to about how many years ago:

35,000

the oldest date obtained for the cave paintings of European Upper Paleolithic is about:

40,000 years old

the oldest indirect evidence for the bow and arrow dates to:

64,000 years ago in South Africa

The upper Paleolithic tradition characterized by retouching blades, engraving tools called burins, and stone scrapers is called the:

Aurignacian

Early evidence of Late Stone Age peopling crafting bone tools including bone awls and spear points has dated to about 77,000 years ago at:

Blombos Cave

among the oldest sites in Southwest Asia exhibiting a shift to a stone tool technology based on blade production are:

Boker Tachtit and Ksar Akil

Evidence for a significant focus on marine resources during the Late Stone Age has been found at:

Die Kelders Cave

evidence for the net hunting of small animals during the Upper Paleolithic has been found at:

Dolni Vestonice

the Upper Paleolithic tradition characterized by small blade tools and denticulate knives is called the:

Gravettian

In Africa, the equivalent in time to the Upper Paleolithic in Europe is the

Late Stone age

the Upper Paleolithic tradition characterized by microblades and bone and antler tools is called the:

Magdelanian

The Upper Paleolithic tradition characterized by finely flaked, symmetrical, leaf-shaped projectile points is called the:

Solutrean

In Europe of equivalent in time to the Late stone age in Africa is the:

Upper Paleolithic

the period when modern behavior becomes apparent in the archaeological record is the:

Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone age

in the Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Age, the subsistence base:

a broadening of the food quest to include a greater range of plants and animals

in the late Stone Age and Upper Paleolithic, stone tools exhibit:

a shift from flake to blade tools

the painted images discovered at Fumane cave in Italy has been interpreted as:

a sorcerer

the Aurignacian is:

a stone tool tradition based on blade tool production

the increased use of exotic raw materials at Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone Age sites when compared to Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone age sites is evidence for:

an expansion of trading networks

The Upper Paleolithic site of Mal'ta is perhaps best known for the presence of:

an impressive array of items of personal adornment

Archaeologist Randall White points out that the appearance of items of personal adornment in the Upper Paleolithic implies

an increasing belief in the importance of the individual

the first cave paintings are associated with:

anatomically modern humans

the most common images in the cave paintings of the European Upper Paleolithic are of:

animals

compared to neandertal burials, the earliest burials of anatomically modern human beings:(3)

are more elaborate in the kinds of grave goods, show a higher proportion with grave goods, and are more likely to show items of personal adornment

the function of the spear thrower is to:

artificially extend the arm of the thrower

In the Upper Paleolithic, there is a dramatic increase in the use of which raw materials: (3)

bone, antler, ivory

the spear thrower, and invention of the Upper Paleolithic, worked:

by effectively increasing the length of the thrower's arm

at Hohlenstein- Stadel Cave, Upper Paleolithic people produced:

figurines that were half human, half lion

In terms of subsistence base, quite clearly when compared to that of the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone age, the Upper Paleolithic and Late Stone age: (3)

focused to a far greater degree on coastal resources, was generally broader, with far larger mix of large mammal species hunted, and focused to a far greater degree on birds

compared to a spear thrown without one, a spear thrown with a spear thrower: (3)

goes farther, is more accurate, has more penetrating power

archaeologist Diane Gifford-Gonzalez has shown that modern artists depicting life in the Upper Paleolithic almost always present men: (3)

hunting, performing rituals, carrying game

The sites of Ksar Akil and Boker Tachtit and significant:

in showing the development of a specialized blade tool technology more than 40,000 years ago

one thing that makes Chauvet Cave unique is:

it has a lot of images of carnivores

the archeological site Arcy-sur-Cure is significant as a place where:

it is one of the few sites where Neandertals are know to have produced items of personal adornment

in Upper Paleolithic burials, it is common to find individuals buried with:

items of personal adornment

in the upper Paleolithic, habitation sites tend to be:

larger than those of the Middle Paleolithic

Lewis-Williams and Dowson suggests that Upper Paleolithic shamans painted the following while in a trance like state:

lines, zigzags, grids, and concentric circles

Where Middle Paleolithic people were opportunistic foragers, to a far greater degree Upper Paleolithic people were:

logistical collectors

More than 75,000 years ago, the inhabitants of Blombos Cave

made beads of perforated mollusk shells

The Upper Paleolithic blade technology was more efficient than Levallois because:

many more Upper Paleolithic blades than Levallois flakes could be removed from the same sized core, producing more cutting edge from the same amount of stone

compared to the Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic tool technologies are:

marked by relatively rapid change and greater geographical variation

Archaeologist Michael Jochim views the cave art of the Upper Paleolithic as a means of:

marking territory

Coolidge and Wynn (2009) include in their enumeration of the archaeological correlates of the modern human mind: (3 things)

personal ornamentation, ritual burial of the dead, technologies involving multiple components

at the Blombos Cave in South Africa, researchers discovered

pieces of ochre with incised markings

more than 30,000 years ago, the inhabitance of Hohle Fels Cave, in Germany: (3)

produced small sculptures of a waterfowl and horse, the first venus figurines, flutes

for child development researcher Jean Piaget, the first scribblings of young children have the purpose of

pure play

early evidence of the use of raw materials used in artistic expression have been found at Qafzeh Cave, in Israel, in the form of:

red ochre

In the vast majority of the instances where grave goods were found in association with Neandertal burials, such goods were:

small tools and animal bones

a major technological innovation of the Upper Paleolithic was the:

spear-thrower

Among the new weapons used in hunting that were developed during the Upper Paleolithic and New Stone Age, were the

spear-thrower and bow and arrow

Archaeologist Diane Gifford-Gonzalez has shown that modern artists depicting life in the Upper Paleolithic almost always presents woman:

tending to babies and working hides

the presence of eyes needles in Upper Paleolithic contexts implies:

the manufacturing of tailored clothing

a statistical analysis conducted by Patricia Rice and Ann Paterson of Upper Paleolithic cave art indicates that:

there is a correlation between the percentage of animals depicted in the artwork and the frequency of animals represented in the faunal assemblages of nearby habitation sites

detailed analysis of the so-called Venus figurines shows that:

they depict a wide range of women, similar to the range of women in a living population

J.D. Lewis-Williams and T.A. Dowson explain the geometric depictions in Upper Paleolithic art (lines, zigzags, grids, and concentric circles) as:

trance-induced hallucinations

Compared to the middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic people used lithic raw materials that:

were available often at a great distance from their home territories, implying broader trading networks in the Upper Paleolithic

Cussac Cave is notable for the 25,000-year old painted depiction of a:

woman