Past Paper Questions

A distinctive feature of the marine Gastropod, Opisthobranchia is the Select one: a) Radula b) Mantle c) Trochophore larvae d) Eight overlapping, shell plates e) Rhinophore

E

An animal that has bilateral symmetry, 3 germs layers, protostome development, and the same common ancestor as the Ectoprocta must belong the major clade: a) Ecdysozoa b) Deuterostomia c) Lophotrochozoa d) Acoela e) Arthropoda

Lophotrochozoa

11. The most diverse class in the Crustacea is,,, Select one: a. Remipedia b. Maxillopoda c. Branchiopoda d. Malacostraca e. Ostracoda

Malacostraca

Which of the following is true for Porifera and Cnidaria with regard to body cavities? Select one: a. Both are coelomates b. Both are pseudocoelomates c. Both are acoelomates d. Porifera are acoelomates and Cnidaria are pseudocoelomates e. Neither Porifera nor Cnidaria are triploblastic, so per definition they cannot have a true coelom or a pseudocoelom

Neither Porifera nor Cnidaria are triploblastic, so per definition they cannot have a true coelom or a pseudocoelom

Which of the following is true for Porifera and Cnidaria with regard to body cavities? a) Both are coelomates b) Both are pseudocoelomates c) Both are acoelomates d) Porifera are acoelomates and Cnidaria are pseudocoelomates e) Neither Porifera nor Cnidaria are triploblastic, so per definition they cannot have a true coelom or a pseudocoelom

Neither Porifera nor Cnidaria are triploblastic, so per definition they cannot have a true coelom or a pseudocoelom

Which terms best describes animals whose internal body temperature is variable? a) Crepuscular b) Gigantotherms c) Homeotherms d) Poikilotherms e) Endotherms

Poikilotherms

Homeobox gene sequences: a) Regulate development and facilitate the evolution of new body forms b) Are non-coding gene sequences c) Regulate development and inhibit the evolution of new body forms as they are conserved d) Regulate development and are only found in mammals e) Are neutral gene sequences that are used as molecular clocks

Regulate development and facilitate the evolution of new body forms

Generally, members of which flatworm class(es) are nonparasitic a. Trematoda b. Monogenea c. Cestoda d. Turbellaria e. A, C & D

Turbellaria

One feature that distinguishes animals from plants and fungi is the lack of supporting cell walls. Should corals therefore be classed as animals? a) Yes, corals have a (exo-)skeleton, not cell walls. b) Yes, corals do have supporting cell walls but these do not consist of cellulose or chitin. c) No, because corals have supporting cell walls made of calcium carbonate. d) No, they are neither animals, plants or fungi. e) No, their ability to photosynthesise clearly places them among the plants.

Yes, corals have a (exo-)skeleton, not cell walls.

Prokaryotes lack the nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. As a result, prokaryotic cells do not contain which of the following? a) a nuclear membrane b) DNA c) one or more chromosomes d) RNA e) all of the above

a nuclear membrane

In the cricket, Gryllodes sigillatus, a nuptial gift: a) Is a nutritious gift b) Delays subsequent copulations c) Is a sham gift d) Is toxic and reduces female lifespan e) Ensures female fidelity

a nutritious gift

In relation to Nautilus form and function the siphuncle is: a) A gas chamber b) Tissue that divides the shell into chambers c) A directional funnel d) A feeding structure e) A tissue that secretes gas into chambers

a tissue that secretes gas into chambers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Platyhelminthes? a) Radial symmetry b) Diploblastic development c) Acoelomate d) Circulatory system e) Compound eyes

acoelomate

In the body plan of clam opposite what are the structures indicated by the labelled arrow? a. Palp & adductor muscle b. Adductor muscle & heart c. Heart & mantle cavity d. Mantle cavity & foot e. Foot & palp

adductor muscle and heart

23. The fimbriae of bacteria Select one: a) Pull two cells together prior to DNA transfer b) Is a hair-like appendage that fastens the bacteria to the host c) Protects the cell in hyper- or hypotonic environments d) Contains independently replicating DNA molecules e) Is a sticky layer of polysaccharide

an appendage that fastens the bacteria to the host

In relation to the Bryozoans, a statoblast is Select one: a) An opening in the zoecium b) The name for the muscles that attach to the exoskeleton c) A crown of ciliated tentacles d) An asexual capsule of germinative cells

an asexual capsule of germinative cells

Sugar gliders and flying squirrels both have adaptations for gliding but have evolved in different lineages. This is an example of: a) Phylogeny b) Analogy c) Homology d) Similarity e) Ornitholog

analogy

In the Class Hirudinea, hirudin is a. Produced following a immune challenge b. An irritant c. A digestive enzyme d. A respiratory protein e. An anticoagulant

anticoagulant

In the Phyla Arthropoda, malpighian tubules: a) Are sperm storage organs b) Are part of the blood-vascular system c) Are excretory organs d) Are sensory apparatus e) Are modified gills

are excretory organs

Which of the following Echinodermata can extend the stomach through their mouth to feed Select one: a). Ophiuroidea b). Crinoidea c). Holothuroidea d). Echinodea e). Asteroidea

asteriodea

Which of the following can extend the stomach through their mouth to feed a. Ophiuroidea b. Crinoidea c. Holothuroidea d. Echinodea e. Asteroidea

asteroidea

Bottom dwelling Turbellarians, move via Select one: a) Beating cilia b) Peristaltic contractions c) A mucous blanket and cilia d) Passive drifting e) A muscular foot

beating cilia

The _____________ larval stage of an Asteroid starfish attaches and undergoes metamorphosis into an adult. a) Trocophore b) Brachiolaria c) Veliger d) Planular e) Bipinnaria

brachiolaria

The nervous system of most invertebrates is simple with the exception of the Select one: a) Polychaetes b) Hexapods c) Cephalopoda d) Hydrozoa e) Araneae

cephalopoda

How do the Acari differ from the general body form of the Chelicerates? a) Cephalothorax and abdomen have fused b) Antennae are absent c) Four pairs of legs d) Waxy epicuticle e) Head and thorax are fused

cephalothorax and abdomen fused

31. Members of which flatworm class(es) are common parasites of humans Select one: a). Trematoda b). Monogenea c). Cestoda d). Turbellaria e). A & C

cestoda

An organism that derives its energy from inorganic chemicals and its carbon source from CO2 is defined as a: a) Heterotroph b) Photoheterotroph c) Chemoheterotroph d) Photosynthetic e) Chemoautotroph

chemoautotroph

The movement of water through the pores of a Porifera is powered by the: a) Amoebocytes b) Choanocytes c) Spicules d) Mesohyl e) Spongocoel

choanocytes

The Protists that are believed to be most similar to the early multi-cellular organisms are Select one: a). Ciliates b). Foraminiferans c). Grypiania d). Choanoflagellates e). Flagellates

choanoflagellates

_______ are responsible for colour change in octopus, cuttlefish & squid Select one: a. Viscids b. Leucophores c. Iridophores d. Rhabites e. Chromatophores

chromatophores

Which of the following is common to Annelids and one Class of Mollusca, the Cephalopods? a). Segmentation b). Closed circulatory system c). Cuticle of chitin d). Hydrostatic skeleton e). Clitellum

closed circulatory system

The Ctenophores have a unique mode of locomotion that is effected by Select one: a) Tentillum b) Comb rows c) Colloblasts d) Pleurobranchia e) Pharyngeal canal

comb rows

Considering the process of metamorphosis, which of these insect classes is the odd one out? a) Cricket b) Beetle c) Fly d) Mosquito e) Butterfly

cricket

Which pair of invertebrate classes has the simplest and most advanced central nervous systems respectively? a) Ophiuroids and Oligochaetes b) Bivalvia and Insecta c) Polychaeta and Echinoidea d) Bdelloidea and Insecta e) Cubozoa and Cephalopoda

cubozoa and cephalopoda

A student stated that "a crustacean, Sepia officinalis (cuttlefish) " Why is this statement incorrect? a) Cuttlefish belong to the Subphylum Cephalopoda b) Cuttlefish belong to the Subphylum Chelicerate c) Cuttlefish belong to the Subphylum Uniramia d) Cuttlefish belong to the Subphylum Polyplacophora e) Cuttlefish belong to the Subphylum Gastropoda

cuttlefish belong to the subphylum cephalopoda

What should animals with radial symmetry be better able to do than those with bilateral symmetry? a) move quickly in one direction b) detect threats from above or below equally well c) deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in 360° d) focused attention in a single direction e) exploit marine habitats

deal effectively with food distributed homogeneously in 360°

A wave of animal diversification occurred during the Cambrian period. Which of the following does NOT explain the explosion of life? a) Rise in O2 b) Hox gene changes c) Predator adaptations d) Decrease in calcium e) Prey adaptations

decrease in calcium

The primary function of statocytes in Annelids is: a) Filter feeding & gas exchange b) Detecting change in orientation c) Detecting light intensity & source d) Storage and removal of waste products e) Detecting food

detecting change in orientation

There is a tendency for body size to increase over evolutionary time. Larger body size may be favoured as: a) Development time tends to increase also b) Females tend to become less fecund c) Larger individuals exploit fewer resources d) Development time tends to decrease also e) Resistance to environmental perturbation decline

development time tends to decrease also

Animals that possess homologous structures probably _____. Select one: a. are headed for extinction b. evolved from the same ancestor c. by chance had similar mutations in the past d. have increased genetic diversity e. are not related

evolved from the same ancestor

The members of which Protist 'super group' include some important human parasites? a) Rhizaria b) Excavata c) Unikonta d) Chromalveolata e) Archaeplastida

excavata

In the honey bee, Apis mellifera, there are three different morphs. What factors determine the morph of an individual? a) Nutrition & temperature b) Cuticular hydrocarbons & nutrition c) Fertilization & nutrition d) Fertilization, nutrition & temperature e) Fertilization, nutrition and pheromones

fertilisation and nutrition

Some Crustaceans have maxillae that function in Select one: a) Swimming b) Prey capture c) Food handling d) Oxygenation e) Reproduction

food handling

During animal development, the tissues develop from embryonic layers during: a) Cleavage b) Mitotic divisions c) Gastrulation d) Metamorphosis e) Blastulation

gastrulation

Taxonomists are more likely to use which morphological structures to distinguish between closely related species? a) Wings b) Eyes c) Thorax d) Genitalia e) Head capsule

genitalia

The clam, snail, and octopus are all molluscs. The muscular foot of a snail is homologous to (i.e., derived from the same structure as) which two of these? a) head of the octopus b) shell of the clam c) legs of the octopus d) siphon tube of the clam e) mantle of the clam

head and legs of the octopus (A&C)

A respiratory tree is unique to which Echinodermata Select one: a. Holothuroidea b. Concentricycloidea c. Echinoidea d. Crinoidea e. Ophiuroidea

holothuroidea

The pedipalps of the Chelicerates are highly modified. In spiders they function in Select one: a) Insemination b) Mating rituals c) Prey capture d) Locomotion e) Chemoreception

insemination

The crystalline style of the Bivalves: a) Connects the oesophagus and stomach b) Directs food particles to the digestive gland c) Is a rod of solidified mucus in the stomach d) Concentrates food in the rectum e) Anchors sessile bivalves to a substrate

is a rod of solidified mucus in the stomach

The capsule of bacteria: a) Protects the cell in hyper- or hypotonic environments b) Is a hair-like appendage that fastens the bacteria to its host c) Is a sticky layer of polysaccharide that fastens the bacteria to its host d) Contains independently replicating DNA molecules e) Pulls two cells together prior to DNA transfer from one cell to another

is a sticky layer of polysaccharide that fastens the bacteria to its host

32. A characteristic of the Bdelloidea rotifers is that they Select one: a). Are cannibalistic b). Have a retractable foot c). Lack males d). Are acoelomates e). Only produce amictic eggs

lack males

Sponge architecture is constructed around a system of water canals. Which is the most complex? a) Asconoid b) Syconoid c) Mesohyl d) Leuconoid e) Choanocyte

leuconoid

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Nematodes Select one: a). Diploblastic b). Pocketed gastrovascular cavity c). True coelom d). Longitudinal muscles only e). Ectoparasitic lifestyle

longitudinal muscles only

In the diagram of a typical asteroidea which anatomical feature is indicated by the black arrow a. Anus b. Madreporite c. Podium d. Ampulla e. Radial Canal

madreporite

Nonbiting flies have sponge-like mouth parts. Which mouth part(s) have been reduced? a) Mandible and maxillae b) Labium and labrum c) Labrum d) Maxilliped e) Maxillae and galeae

mandible and maxillae

In the Gastropods, prior to torsion the Select one: a) Mantle cavity opens to the posterior b) Shell coils asymmetrical c) Shell became vestigial d) Exchange of sperm occurs e) Muscles of the foot retract

mantle cavity opens to the posterior

Which is a general characteristic of the phylum Rotifera: a) Single-opening digestive tract b) Pair of mandibles made of chitin c) Mastax d) Asexual reproduction e) The inability to resist desiccation

mastax - muscular pharynx

30. The analogous equivalent of "connective tissue" in sponges is the Select one: a). Pinacocyte b). Stereom c). Spongocoel d). Mesohyl e). Ameobocyte

mesohyl

The presence of ________ would suggest that cellular chloroplasts are the product of a secondary endosymbiosis. a) Nucleomorph b) Cyanobacteria c) Plastids d) Organelles e) Mitochondria

nucelomorph

28. Evidence of the eukaryotic nature of secondary endosymbionts is characterised by the presence of a Select one: a). Nucleus b). Mitochondria c). Cytoskeleton d). Flagella e). Nucleomorph

nucleomorph

Terrestrial gastropods use which organ(s) to respire Select one: a) Gills b) Lungs c) Pallial lung d) Nephridia e) Septum

pallial lung?

Polychaetes differ from earthworms in having: a) Sexual reproduction b) Parapodia c) Triploblastic development d) Cerebral ganglia e) Metamerism

parapodia

Which statement is False? The Hirudinea have Select one: a) Parapodia b) Restricted numbers of segments c) Suckers d) Clitellum e) Hirudin

parapodia

Which of the following best describes the life cycle of Monogononta rotifers? a) Gonochoristic reproduction in each generation b) Hermaphroditic reproduction in each generation c) Gonochoristic reproduction alternating with hermaphroditic reproduction d) Parthenogenesis alternating with sexual reproduction e) Obligate parthenogenesis

parthogenesis alternating with sexual reproduction

An annelid that lives in tubes that are composed of secreted and foreign material is likely to be a: a) Leech b) Earthworm c) Peacock worm d) Lug worm e) Sea mouse

peacock worm

Which homologous structures do spiders and scorpions have in common? a) Antennae b) Compound eyes c) Venom glands d) Pedipalps e) Papulae

pedipalps

In ancestral Gastropoda the shell was: a) Planospiral and compact b) Asymmetrically coiled and huge c) Consisted of a single whorl d) Asymmetrically coiled and compact e) Planospiral and huge

planospiral and huge

25. Which terms best describes animals whose internal body temperature is variable Select one: a) Crepuscular b) Gigantotherms c) Homeotherms d) Poikilotherms e) Endotherms

poikilotherms

Chitons are also known as Select one: a. Solenogastre b. Monoplacophora c. Scaphopoda d. Caudofoveata e. Polyplacophora

polyplacophora

Which structure is common to Platyhelminthes and Rotifers Select one: a. Telescopic foot b. Alimentary canal c. Pseudocoel d. Cloacal bladder e. Protonephridia

protonephridia

29. Which characteristics occurs during Deuterostome development Select one: a). Coelom from splitting & blastopore becomes anus b). Blastopore becomes mouth & coleom from out-pocketing c). Blastopore becomes anus & spiral cleavage d). Radial cleavage & Coelom by splitting & anus develops secondarily e). Radial cleavage & mouth develops secondarily

radial cleavage and mouth develops secondarily

A number of traits made important contributions to the large adaptive diversity of insects. Which of the following does NOT explain insect diversity? a) Diverse mouthparts for feeding on different foods b) The reduction in the number of wing veins c) The waxy epicuticle to prevent dehydration d) Spiracles and tracheoles for invasion of terrestrial habitats e) Diverse reproductive and social behaviors

reduction in the number of wing veins

In a millipede, burrowing in leaf litter is facilitated by: a) A rounded head and legs close to the midline b) Few points of contact with the substrate c) Extra tergal plates d) Longer legs in the midsection to reduce interference e) Long posterior legs

rounded head and legs close to the midline

There are four major classes of Cnidaria. To which class do the sea nettles belong? a) Scyphozoa b) Cubozoa c) Anthozoa d) Hydrozoa e) Ctenophora

schyphozoa

26. When at rest the wings of dragonflies are outstretched whereas damselflies have folded wings. What facilitates folding? a) Sclerites b) Apodemes c) Condyles d) Articular membranes e) Hinge ligaments

sclerites

22. Homologous structures result from Select one: a) All organisms sharing a similar environment b) Similar traits in closely related organisms c) Dissimilar traits in distantly related organisms d) Similar traits in distantly related organisms e) Dissimilar traits in closely related organisms

similar traits in distantly related organisms

The complexity of modern day arthropod body plans is thought to be associated with which trait? a) The chitinous exoskeleton b) The specialization of body segments c) The complexity of the nervous system d) The different modes of development (i.e. direct or indirect) e) The complexity of the sensory system

specialisation of body segments

The 'Jaccard index' is an index of Select one: a) Species abundance b) Species vulnerability to extinction c) The phylogenetic relationship between species d) Species similarity in two habitats e) Species abundance and similarity

species abundance and similarity

The production of silk amongst the Arthropods is an innovation that is used by the Select one: a) Spiders and Opiliones b) Scorpions and Acari c) Millipedes and Mites d) Spiders and Centipedes e) Ticks and Millipedes

spiders and centipedes

The Hexapods have mouthparts that are specialized to utilize different food sources. Which structure enables butterflies to suck-up food? a) Labium b) Mandibles c) Maxillae d) Galea e) Stylets

stylets

Among flatworms that are internal parasites, which of the following would be expected? a) light-sensitive eyes b) prolific asexual reproduction in a vertebrate host c) limited to microscopic size d) suckers or piercing mouthparts e) A more complex nervous system than in free-living flatworms

suckers or piercing mouth parts

In Arthropoda, the muscles in the legs are attached (via epidermal cells) to a) the exoskeleton b) the hydrostatic skeleton c) the ossicles d) the endo-skeletal plates e) each other

the exoskeleton

Which of the following statements about Gastropoda is true? a) The periwinkles are more closely related to sea hares than limpets b) Terrestrial slugs are more closely related to sea slugs than land snails c) Gastropoda can be divided into these four subclasses: Prosobranchia, Opisthobranchia, Pulmonata, Cephalopoda d) Terrestrial Gastropoda are restricted to temperate climates e) All Gastropoda are hermaphrodites

the periwinkles are more closely related to sea hares than limpets

Bilateral symmetry is LEAST associated with a) cephalization. b) the presence of mesoderm. c) an active lifestyle. d) a nervous system with sensory structures concentrated at one end of the animal. e) the sessile condition.

the sessile condition

What is true of modern animal phylogenies? a) They portray an animal's place on the scale of nature (scala naturae) b) They rely solely on molecular (genetic) data c) They are hypothetical d) They are a true representation of evolutionary history e) They take no account of an animal's "body plan"

they are hypothetical

Why do sponges represent a separate lineage, distinct from all other animal phyla? a) They are sedentary and resemble plants. b) Most individuals are hermaphrodites. c) They do not have specialized cell types. d) They have only two layers of cells. e) They lack true tissues.

they lack true tissues

Generally, members of which flatworm class(es) are nonparasitic? a) Trematoda b) Monogenea c) Cestoda d) Turbellaria e) A, C & D

turbellaria

Cnidaria are diploblastic meaning that they are derived from Select one: a) Three germ layers b) The Metazoa c) Two germ layers d) The blastula e) The gastrula

two germ layers

If a lung were to be found in the Mollusca, it would be located in the: a) Excurrent siphon b) Mantle cavity c) Foot d) Visceral mass e) Coelom

visceral mass

Photosynthetic eukaryotes contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Which sequence most likely describes the evolution of this group? a. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs aerobic prokaryote, then engulfs photosynthetic prokaryote. b. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs photosynthetic prokaryote, then engulfs aerobic prokaryote. c. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs aerobic prokaryote and is then itself engulfed by photosynthetic prokaryote. d. Ancestral anaerobic prokaryote engulfs photosynthetic prokaryote and is then itself engulfed by aerobic prokaryote. e. All sequences are equally likely.

?

Free-living flatworms and segmented worms share all of the following traits except a) bilateral symmetry. b) three embryonic tissue layers. c) presence of a digestive system. d) digestive tract with mouth and anus. e) muscle tissue.

??

In the animal phylogeny that is based on molecular data which statement is incorrect? a) Animals are monophyletic, forming a clade called Metazoa b) Most animals belong the clade Bilateria c) There are 2 major clades of bilaterally symmetrical animals d) Porifera belong to a clade of their own e) Echinodermata belong to the major clade Deuterostomia

??

The Beadlet anemone is found in the intertidal zone. Which trait is NOT an adaptation to the environment that they live? a) Retractable tentacles b) Nematocysts c) Statocytes d) Brown to red colour changes e) Sticky pedal attachment

??

A molecular clock is? a. A means of ageing extant organisms by looking at DNA sequence b. A means of dating fossils c. A means of dating metabolic processes by looking at changes in gene frequency d. A means of dating the divergence of organisms by looking at the changes in the sequence of DNA or proteins e. A means of looking at changes in protein structure

A means of dating the divergence of organisms by looking at the changes in the sequence of DNA or proteins

Cnidaria includes groups with a variety of body forms, but all share which common feature? a) All are filter feeders. b) All are strong swimmers. c) All have a gastrovascular cavity and tentacles. d) All live in tropical oceans. e) All reproduce mainly asexually.

All have a gastrovascular cavity and tentacles.

Which of the following is the correct scientific name for an Amphipod Crustacean found in fresh water Select one: a) Gammarus pulex b) Gammarus pulex c) Gammarus Pulex d) Gammarus pulex e) Gammarus pulex

B

Many Asteroidea reproduce sexually and the resulting ______ larva are bilaterally symmetrical Select one: a) Bipinnaria b) Veliger c) Trochophore d) Parenchymula e) Brachiolaria

Bipinnaria

7. Ctenophores capture prey by use of b) Select one: c) a. Collar cells d) b. Nematocysts e) c. Collenchyme f) d. Statocysts g) e. Colloblasts

Colloblasts

Which statement is true: The small body size of a terrestrial invertebrates provides an advantage in Select one: a) Exploitation of small microhabitats within a single habitat. b) Regulation of body temperature c) Predation d) Desiccation avoidance e) Intraspecific competition

D

The group known as Lophotrochozoa includes about 18 animal phyla and has a huge diversity of body forms. On what basis are all these animals thought to be in the same clade? a) DNA sequences b) embryo structure c) body cavity d) type of skeleton e) arrangement of appendages

DNA sequences