Past Tests

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

Bureaucratic immunity

____ is a kind of one-on-one communication used by managers to improve an employee's on-the-job performance or behavior.

Coaching

____ is communication with someone about non-job-related issues that may be affecting or interfering with the person's performance

Counseling

most companies compete directly with all the firms in their industry.

False

____ occurs when 1 + 1 = 3.

Synergy

___ is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

Technology

According to Weber's bureaucratic management, people should lead by virtue of their rational-legal authority.

True

Elton Mayo was one of the first researchers to focus on studying human relations management.

True

Leadership is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

True

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

a salary increase

Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?

cognitive conflict

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the two situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation are leader-member relations and task structure.

false

According to some industrial psychologists, job performance is a(n) ____ function of motivation, ability, and situational constraints.

multiplicative

A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

proactive

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement

The last step of empathetic listening requires managers to ____.

respond with feelings and then facts

The last step in the perceptual process is ____.

retention

Transactional leaders ____.

reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior

According to the motivational model presented in the text, perceived inequity directly affects ____.

satisfaction

Managers can use integrity tests to _____.

select and hire ethical employees

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.

shortens the innovation process

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

____ is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

Adverse impact

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

Affective conflict

Which of the following is one of the steps recommended for companies to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatic leaders?

All of these are recommended steps to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatics.

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve.

___ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

Character of the rivalry

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

Charismatic

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research has made a study of how important it is for military leaders to be friendly with and to show concern for their troops. Its research shows that a leadership behavior high in ____ positively influences soldiers and their ability to adapt to stressful environments.

Consideration

____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

Diversity

____ is a reinforcement strategy which weakens a behavior over time because the behavior has no consequences, positive or negative.

Extinction

A time study allows each task or job to be broken down into separate motions. Once this is done, then unnecessary or repetitive motions can be eliminated.

False

As a leader behavior, consideration refers to the extent to which leaders do what they said they would do.

False

In contrast to the general segment of the external environment that DIRECTLY influences an organization, changes in the specific segment of an organization's external environment INDIRECTLY affect the way a company conducts its business.

False

Milestones are formal review points that tend to lengthen the innovation process.

False

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside an organization.

False

Planning is a three-step process which involves setting goals, then next developing effective action plans, and finally tracking progress toward goal achievement.

False

Since there are no consistent trait differences between leaders and non-leaders, or between effective and ineffective leaders, trait theory is wrong.

False

The General Electric Workout is a special kind of activity-oriented change.

False

____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.

Leadership

____ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior.

Norms

In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.

Outcomes

Which of the following statements about perception and perceptual filters is true?

People perceive according to personality-, psychology-, and experience-based filters.

____ is used to refer to a company's practice of identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur.

Reactive customer monitoring

____ is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

Reinforcement the formal authority system

____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.

Secondary

____ are a type of operational plan.

Single-use plans

____ is one of the disadvantages associated with the use of work teams.

Social loafing

In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner-operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be ____ leaders

Strategic

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true?

The Internet allows companies to quickly reach large numbers of people.

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.

____ are responsible for creating a positive organizational culture through language and action.

Top Managers

The "great person" theory is another name for the ____ theory of leadership.

Trait

An innovation stream begins with a technological discontinuity, which is a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creating a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

True

Changes in any sector of the general environment eventually affect most organizations.

True

Henri Fayol classified management functions into five categories.

True

On average, companies that create plans have larger profits and grow much faster than companies that don'

True

The categories of social responsibility for a company are economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary

True

The concept of magnitude of consequences is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision.

True

The evidence clearly shows that how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

True

The motivation to manage tends to be higher among managers at higher levels in the organization than it is among managers at lower levels in the organization.

True

The three kinds of standing plans are policies, procedures, and rules and regulations.

True

The three major situational leadership theories all assume that the effectiveness of any leadership style (the way a leader generally behaves toward followers) depends on the situation.

True

There is no such thing as a "best" leadership style for all situations and employees.

True

Under conditions in which the rate of both environmental change and complexity go up while environmental resources become scarce, environmental uncertainty can be expected to increase.

True

Under the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.

True

Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision-making?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago's normative decision model

Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true?

When downsizing, outplacement programs can help the company maintain a positive image in the community.

Which of the following statements about using 360-degree feedback is true?

With the 360-degree feedback approach, feedback comes from four sources.

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

accountability

Which of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?

accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations

The owner of a small local chain of retail stores that target affluent women and carry eclectic lines of wrapping paper, stationery, invitations, and gifts has expressed a strong need to expand nationwide. According to McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, the owner has a need for ____.

achievement

The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n) ____ type of leadership.

achievement-oriented

Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.

affirmative action; diversity

Due to ____ , the intentional pollution of a metropolitan water supply would have greater ethical intensity than insider trading in which a few participants netted less than $10,000.

all of these

According to the stakeholder model, which primary stakeholder group is theoretically most important to the company?

all primary stakeholders are of equal importance

Functional departmentalization ____.

allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists

Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely ________

are more than likely managers rather than leaders

Managers often prefer to use business confidence indices ____.

as predictors of future economic activity when making business decisions

Jean-Marie has excellent keyboarding skills and enters data for a marketing research firm. Jean-Marie is also vision-impaired. In order to perform his job, Jean-Marie needs a computer monitor that produces oversized print so he can read it. Providing the monitor to facilitate Jean-Marie's job performance is an example of ____.

assistive technology

The ____ states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior.

attribution theory

Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer.

background check

Which of the following is a factor that companies should carefully manage in order to increase the likelihood that teams will succeed?

bureaucratic immunity

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. Valerio was a(n) ____.

change agent

Which of the following management theorists believed that workers ultimately grant managers their authority?

chester Barnard

Which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

client relationships

When Robin was told that her favorite store would no longer stock her favorite brand of clip-on earrings, she assumed this meant that the company was no longer producing clip-on earrings; even though that was not the case. Robin's incorrect assumption was due to _____.

closure

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

cognitive ability test

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

conduct a job analysis

Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in ____.

consideration

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.

consideration

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. There was a deep sense of distrust at HP when Hurd replaced Carly Fiorina as CEO. Which leadership behavior should Mark use to help improve the situation?

consideration

W. L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L.Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the ____ theory of leadership.

contingency

Hormel Foods had to recall 104,000 pounds of Stagg canned chili—labeled "hearty beef with a kick of green chilies"—after the kick turned out to come from the ground-up parts of a plastic handheld calculator. The recall was the application of which management function?

controlling

As a class project, Senora is working with other classmates to create a company that would market NASCAR memorabilia. Senora's teacher has instructed her to use the traditional approach to create the organization's structure. What should Senora do?

create an organizational structure with vertical and horizontal configurations

As a German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered that Americans typically reach decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____.

deep-level diversity

The marketing manager of a company that manufactures church furniture has been given the job of increasing corporate profits by 5 percent during the upcoming year. The manager decided to give his assistant the full responsibility and authority for developing a mailing campaign to target churches on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. In other words, the marketing manager has ____.

delegated the task

Refer to Oakland Athletics. One of the reasons for Beane's success is his ability to let employees know precisely what is expected of them, give specific guidelines for playing baseball (e.g., All pitchers are instructed to throw strikes on the first pitch and to throw as few pitches as possible during each inning.), and make sure players follow these standards of performance. Beane is a(n) ____ leader.

directive

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations

directive leadership

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ____ responsibilities.

discretionary

A manufacturer of suntan lotion could set a(n) ____ goal to increase revenues by 8 percent over the next five years and a(n) ____ goal to increase sales next June in the Miami Beach area by 3 percent.

distal; proximal

A modem factory in the U.S has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates ____.

diversity

In the nursing home industry, pairing two younger workers with an older worker creates more job opportunities for the older workers. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. This would be an example of a type of mentoring called ____.

diversity pairing

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?

diversity pairing

Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers, but it has failed to do the same for leaders. Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders. It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Ford's "warrior-entrepreneurs" will be expected to ____.

do all these things

As a member of a typical traditional work group, Joshua should expect to be responsible for ____.

doing what he is told to do

IBM has a long-standing "Reinventing Education" program, which involves intensive research into how educational institutions can use the fruits of new technologies to transform what they do and thereby improve education. In the process, the program is actually helping to shape a market of significant interest to IBM. IBM views the program as an investment rather than as a charitable contribution. This is an example of the positive relationship between social responsibility and ____.

economic performance

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo spent a total of $75 million to launch two sodas, banking on the low-carb trend. Carb-conscious consumers rejected the drinks en masse. The new brands grabbed a combined market share of less than 1 percent. Given that the objective of both soft drink manufacturers was to increase their market share, the introductions failed to achieve:

efficiency

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

emotional stability

____ is a technique of understanding the speaker's perspective and personal frame of reference and giving feedback that conveys that understanding to the speaker.

empathetic listening

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

employee centered leadership

In the model of the communication process presented in the text, ____ occurs when a message is put into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

encoding

Although both Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the advent of professional women's sporting significant discrepancies still exist between men's and women's sports. For example, women receive less media coverage, promotion, and institutional support. According to ____, the motivation for women athletes to perform at the top of their ability is less than that for men.

equity theory

Which of the following is NOT one of the five industry forces that determine an industry's overall attractiveness and potential for long-term profitability?

existing complementary products

When used together, the combination of behavioral substitution, behavioral addition, and changing visible artifacts is extremely likely to achieve the desired changes in organizational culture.

false

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.

first-line manager

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

gathering and providing performance feedback

A ____ strategy is a broad corporate-level strategic plan used to achieve strategic goals and guide the strategic alternatives that managers of individual businesses or subunits may use.

grand

A news article on Latin America read, "Mexico is the closest Latin America gets to the U.S. both geographically and culturally." According to Hofstede, this means the Mexican culture ____.

has a masculine orientation

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Billy Beane is an example of a leader because he ____.

has a strong desire to lead

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a ____.

high valence

Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.

how dependent they are on each other

The ____ approach to management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work

human relations

A(n) ____ is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate

imperfectly imitable

Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee pays Olympic athletes for each medal earned. gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. Since 1960, the Paralympics for disabled athletes has been a part of the Olympic Games, yet the USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid, and Paralympic athletes are not allowed to participate in opening ceremonies. Paralympic athletes are angry at being treated unfairly. To achieve perceived equity, the Paralympic athletes are suing the USOC for larger rewards. Paralympic athletes have decided to deal with the inequity by ____.

increasing outcomes

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Other teams have an average payroll of $85 million. Beane's payroll for the Athletics is only $33 million. His ability to be frugal and yet build a successful team is in large part due to his ability to set goals, give directions, and assign tasks. In other words, Beane excels in ____.

initiating structure

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

inspiring and motivation others

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.

internal motivation

The Gantt chart ____.

is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

Reinforcement theory says behavior is a function of ____.

its consequences

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____.

job descriptions and job specifications

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.

job performance; job satisfaction

German chip manufacturer Infineon AG has joined with Motorola Inc. and Agere Systems Inc. to establish a new company to develop and license chip designs for cellphones. These three companies have created a ____.

joint venture

When Lilah saw her guest wrinkling her nose, she realized that she should have changed the litter in her cat box. Nose wrinkling is an example of communication through ____.

kinesics

Bentley College launched a comprehensive diversity initiative that includes frequent diversity retreats for faculty, staff, and student leaders; innovative recruitment efforts; employee benefits for domestic partners; and extensive support services focused on race, gender, and disability. Bentley uses the ____ paradigm for managing diversity.

learning and effectiveness

Sodima is a French cooperative that owns the name, the trade secrets, and the patents on Yoplait yogurt. General Mills pays Sodima for the right to sell Yoplait yogurt in the United States. This is an example of ____.

licensing

To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland ____.

made autocratic decisions

Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?

maintaining the status quo

Team leaders typically:

manage internal and external relationships

Which of the following is one of the primary tasks faced by managers who want to improve organizational communication?

managing organization-wide communication

Resource similarity and ____ are factors that determine the extent to which firms will be in direct competition with each other.

market commonality

When higher management in a(n) ____ organization admits there is a need for better communication, the response is to tether subordinates to their jobs and to appoint newly hired employees who specialize in establishing liaison relationships.

mechanistic

Which of the following is an approach to managing interorganizational processes?

modular organizations

Creating a competitive advantage through people relies heavily on the use of which skill to reward people for providing exceptional customer service?

motivation to manage

____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country.

national culture

Which of the following leadership theories assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change?

none of these

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development.

norming

A family restaurant based in the English speaking providence of Ontario, was planning on opening a catering business in the French-speaking areas of Canada, This restaurant would need employees with which of the following dimensions of personality?

openness to experience

Someone describes as having a mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. In terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, this person would be described as having a high degree of ____.

openness to experience

In general, this management theory uses a quantitative approach to find ways to increase productivity, improve quality, and manage or reduce costly inventories.

operations management

Managers generally like and use____ but are less receptive to using ____.

oral communication; written communication

A recent study found that only 29 percent of first-level supervisors thought that their organization encouraged their employees to express their opinions openly. This means that the overwhelming majority of these supervisors engage in ____.

organizational silence

In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of ____.

outcomes

Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement contingency?

overreward

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?

performing

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. Several mining companies recently moved their operations out of the region due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. This is an example of how ____ can influence global business.

political uncertainty

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

position power

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. According to the contingency theory, when Mark Hurd decided to lay off 14,500 employees, he was showing high ____.

position power

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of situational favorableness, this executive demonstrated ____.

power position

Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.

product

A manufacturer of modular housing gives each employee a monthly $300 bonus if he or she is neither absent nor late to work for the entire month. There are no excused absences. The loss of a bonus by a parent with an emergency hospitalization of a child is an example of the use of ____.

punishment

A(n) ____ resource is a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms.

rare

Currently the U.S. Olympic Committee (USOC) pays Olympic athletes $25,000 for each gold medal, $15,000 for a silver medal, and $10,000 for a bronze medal. Since 1960, the Paralympics for disabled athletes has been a part of the Olympic Games, yet the USOC pays disabled athletes only 10 percent of what the Olympic athletes are paid, and Paralympic athletes are not allowed to participate in opening ceremonies. Paralympic athletes are angry at being treated unfairly. These athletes view Olympic athletes as ____.

referents

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta were eliminated. Malta was preparing to become part of a(n) ____.

regional trading zone

Which of the following training methods is most appropriate when the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors?

role-playing

The retired founder of L. L. Bean spent much of his time sitting on a set of stairs where he could watch customers coming and going to his store. He typically dressed in old pants, well-worn flannel shirts, and a pair of muddy boots. Customers assumed he was a derelict. Those who recognized him thought of him as a real character. He was seen differently by different people due to ____.

selective perception

Which of the following typically is NOT performed by top managers?

setting objectives consistent with organizational goals or planning and implementing subunit strategies for achieving these objectives

What type of planning would be used to create the festivities necessary to celebrate the 100-year anniversary of a furniture manufacturer?

single-use plan

Which of the following is a mechanism used to examine external threats and opportunities facing a firm as well as its internal strengths and weaknesses?

situational analysis

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' ____ than their job satisfaction. In terms of Fiedler's contingency theory, this executive was most concerned with establishing ____.

situational favorableness

Tourism was not the only travel-associated industry that was visibly hurt by what happened on 9/11. People decided to vacation at home and sales of luggage and similar travel gear decreased significantly. Sales of home swimming pools increased. This decision to stay at home reflects a change in attitudes toward the perceived safety of long-distance traveling. This is an example of a change in the ____ component of the general environment.

socio-cultural

Aptitude tests are also called ____.

specific ability test

Like most large U.S. hospitals, University Health Care System spends an enormous amount on patient supplies. The hospital has more than 15,000 individual products that are purchased on a routine basis. Its purchasing manager instituted a hospital-wide purchasing policy that gave a specific code to each individual item. In other words, the purchasing manager engaged in ____.

standarization

The ____ is a type of operational plan that saves managers time because it is created once and then used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events

standing plan

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as ____.

stars

An organization is experiencing ____ when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.

strategic dissonance

Top management is responsible for developing long-term ____ that make clear how the company will serve customers and position itself against competitors in the next two to five years.

strategic plans

E-Lab (the "E" stands for experience) has project teams perform field research for its clients. One team had to spend time riding in the back seat of a squad car, accompanying cops on drug raids, as part of research for a new communications device for police departments. Another team studied how people get sick with a cold to create a new over-the-counter cold remedy. Often clients give team members extremely ambitious goals which the team members initially have no idea how to solve. In other words, project teams are given ____.

stretch goals

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.

supportive leadership

A(n) ____ is a direct tax on imported goods designed to make it more expensive to buy those goods, instituted in hopes of reducing the volume of those imported goods in a given country

tariff

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

task structure

Bill Belichick is the coach of the New England Patriots football team. As a successful coach, he has to schedule structured practices, emphasize careful planning, and assign tasks. He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people. According to the Blake and Mouton grid, Belichick's leadership style would be characterized as ____.

team management

Which type of skills tends to be most important to the success of lower-level managers?

technical skills

More premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. This improved survival rate can be attributed to the ____ component of hospitals.

technological

When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?

the path-goal theory

One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes ____.

the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership

Honeywell Inc. reorganized its European operations along customer lines to prepare for a unified European Union. In doing so, it abandoned matrix departmentalization. Why would Honeywell engage in such restructuring?

to end conflict between product managers in different parts of its matrix

A directive leader, one who lets his employees know precisely what is expected of them, give them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, set standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations would most likely have ______

told employees precisely what he expected them to do

The least amount of team autonomy is found in ____.

traditional work groups

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the ____ of leadership.

trait theory

Researchers believe leaders can simultaneously be considerate and initiate structure because consideration and initiating structure are independent behaviors.

true

The primary difference between leaders and managers is that leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.

true

Environmental ____ is affected by environmental complexity, change, and resources.

uncertainty

The composition of a ____ organization is always changing.

virtual

____ is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.

visionary leadership

Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____.

wrongful discharge