Patho 2 exam 3: neuro

Place the following events of cerebral autoregulation in order.

1. Insult to brain and tissue edema causing initial increase in ICP 2. Compression of the ventricles 3. Compression of blood vessels leading to decreased cerebral blood flow 4. Decreased O2 with death of brain cells and increased CO2, lactic acid 5. Vasodilation and increased ICP from increased blood volume

Which is the most common risk factor for embolic stroke?

Atrial fibriliation

Cerebral autoregulation is a process affected by which of the following variables? Select all that apply.

Concentration of CO2 Changes in cerebral perfusion pressure Changes in cardiac output Changes in intracranial pressure

A client is post-ictal. What clinical manifestations would be expected for the nurse to find? Select all that apply.

Confusion/amnesia of the event Drowsiness/lethargy Loss of bowel/bladder during the event

Which manifestations are commonly present with a stroke? Select all that apply.

Flaccidity on one side of the body Facial drooping Dysarthria

The nurse is caring for the patient with increased intracranial pressure as a result of a head injury? The nurse would note which trend in vital signs if the intracranial pressure is rising?

Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, increasing blood pressure

In Alzheimer disease, what is the primary mechanism contributing to brain atrophy?

Neurofibrillary tangles involving tangled proteins in neurons that contribute to neuronal death

Which clinical manifestation of Guillain-Barre syndrome would be a priority to assess for?

Paralysis of the diaphragm

The client was diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Which is the best description for why a subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs?

Ruptured cerebral aneurysm

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with complete right-sided hemiparesis from a stroke. Which characteristics are associated with this condition?

The client is aphasic, the client has weakness on the right side of the body, the client has weakness on the right side of the face and tongue

The client is diagnosed with a stroke involving the left temporal lobe in Wernicke's area. Which is the best description of a client's behavior after a stroke involving this area?

The client is unable to comprehend written or oral language

Which description of Guillain-Barre syndrome is most correct?

This syndrome usually occurs after a viral infection

Which type of stroke results from a clot from within the cerebral circulation?

Thrombotic

Which is the best description of a traumatic accident that causes the brain to strike the internal surfaces of the skull, resulting in bruising of the brain tissue?

a cerebral contusion

The nurse cares for a client with dysarthria. Which complication should the nurse observe for?

aspiration

Which mechanism of a traumatic brain injury is most likely to occur to the driver of a car in a motor vehicle collision?

coup-contrecoup

What is the best definition of MS?

demyelination of the white matter in the central nervous system.

inhibition of muscle contraction is facilitated by which neurotransmitter?

dopamine

Which group of clients is at the highest risk for a chronic subdural hematoma?

elderly

Select risk factors of seizure onset.

emotional/physical stress fever alc withdrawal blinking lights

The nurse cares for a client with a recent complete spinal cord injury. Which will the nurse expect to observe?

full loss of motor function below the level of the injury

The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage. The nurse should carefully assess the client for which?

hypertension

Describe status epilepticus.

medical emergency where a client has been seizing nonstop for five or more minutes

The nurse knows that a client has an increased likelihood of recovering some neurologic function in which type of injury?

moderate concussion

Which statement best describes neurons in an ischemic state?

neurons return to normal function if blood flow is reestablished on time

A nurse caring for a client with a recent complete spinal cord injury would expect to observe:

paralysis and loss of sensation below the level of the injury.

Which disorder exhibits a deficiency in dopamine?

parkinson's disease

The nurse is documenting nursing observations in the record of a client who experienced a tonic-clonic seizure. Which clinical manifestation did the nurse most likely note in the clonic phase of the seizure?

spasms of the entire body

The nurse cares for a client diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS/ Lou Gehrig's disease). The nurse knows that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects:

upper and lower motor neurons