Patho - Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases

An 8-month-old infant has forceful bouts of coughing with an audible whoop. Other clinical presentations include subconjunctival hemorrhage, bulging eyes, and neck vein distention. The child has not been immunized with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. Which illness is suspected?

Pertussis

Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. Malaria is a protozoal disease. Clostridium botulinum causes "lockjaw." The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and the rhinovirus. A vaccine is available for protection against pertussis and diphtheria. Pneumocystic jirovecii is a common lung infection.

- Malaria is a protozoal disease. - A vaccine is available for protection against pertussis and diphtheria.

A nurse is educating a patient that it is very important to treat strep throat infections, because if it progresses, it may lead to which of the following conditions? Select all that apply. Peptic ulcer disease Rheumatic heart disease Rationale: Streptococcus pyogenes infections can lead to rheumatic heart disease. Intestinal abscess Rationale: Streptococcus pyogenes infections do not cause intestinal abscess. Scarlet fever Rationale: Streptococcus pyogenes infections can lead to scarlet fever Glomerulonephritis Rationale: Streptococcus pyogenes infections can lead to glomerulonephritis.

- Rheumatic heart disease - Scarlet fever - Glomerulonephritis

A patient has been diagnosed with a bacterial gastrointestinal infection. Which of the following may the nurse expect to see on the culture results to reveal? Shigella Malaria Cholera Giardiasis Diphtheria

- Shigella Rationale: Shigella is a bacterium that infects the gastrointestinal system. - Cholera Rationale: Cholera is caused by a bacterium that infects the gastrointestinal system.

A clinician orders a gram stain test that reveals gram-positive organisms. Which of the following organisms may be in the sample? Select all that apply. Streptococcus pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Escherichia coli Shigella

- Streptococcus pneumoniae - Staphylococcus aureus - Streptococcus pyogenes Rationale: These are gram-positive organisms.

A nurse is giving a patient the DTaP immunization, and the patient wants to know what it is for. Which of the following is the correct information for the nurse to share? Select all that apply. Whooping cough Toxoplasmosis Strep throat Diphtheria Tetanus

- Whooping cough - Diphtheria - Tetanus Rationale: The DTaP vaccine protections against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough).

Which of the following strategies reduces the risk of infection through the number one portal of entry? Respiratory mask Handwashing Bandaging open wounds Proper food preparation

Respiratory mask Rationale: The number one portal of entry for infection is through the respiratory tract, so a mask may help.

A recent outbreak of measles is reported in the news. A patient asks the nurse how measles is spread. What is the appropriate response? Skin-to-skin contact No person-to-person transmission Fecal-oral Respiratory route

Respiratory route Rationale: Measles is spread by droplet transmission.

A pregnant woman has not received the MMR vaccine at any time in her life. Which disease, prevented by this vaccine, does the clinician need to counsel the woman about, as it may cause damage to her unborn child? Measles Mumps Rubella Rotavirus

Rubella Rationale: The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. Rubella can cross the placenta and cause fetal damage.

Which of the following organisms cause infectious diseases in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply. Streptococcus pyogenes Borrelia burgdorferi Shigella Corynebacterium diphtheriae Salmonella

Shigella Salmonella

A nurse is talking to a patient who mentions a pertussis outbreak at her child's school. She says she has never heard of the disease. What is another name for this infection that the nurse may use for which the patient may be more familiar? Fifth disease Chickenpox Whooping cough Measles

Whooping cough Rationale: Whooping cough is a term that refers to pertussis.

A nursing student knows that patients may not have a good understanding of medical acronyms, so he always states the entire name rather than the acronym. Which of the following should he state for MRSA? Methicillin-resistant streptococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant streptococcus antibodies Mycobacterium-resistant streptococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus Rationale: MRSA stand for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.

The client is diagnosed with botulism. What is the nurse most likely to observe in the patient?

Muscle paralysis

A nurse working in the neonatal unit is informed about an infant who has presented with botulism. Which characteristic will the nurse expect to observe? Extreme muscle contraction Muscle paralysis Deep, persistent cough Superficial rash

Muscle paralysis Rationale: The botulism toxin causes muscle paralysis.

Lumbar puncture may help diagnose an infection with which of the following organisms?

Neisseria meningitides

A few days prior, a patient presented at the clinic stating he was generally not feeling "all that well." He now presents at the clinic with significant signs and symptoms of an infectious disease. Which stage of infection is the patient displaying presently? Incubation Prodromal Acute Convalescent

Acute Rationale: In the acute phase of infection, signs and symptoms are apparent.

A man traveling in an area endemic for malaria contracted the disease. Which category of medications should be used for treatment? Antibacterial Antiviral Antifungal Antiprotozoal

Antiprotozoal Rationale: Malaria is a protozoal disease, so antiprotozoal mediations are needed.

A nurse is explaining to a patient who is concerned her aging facial skin is showing too many wrinkles that the treatment available involves a toxin from bacterial organisms. Which bacteria produces this toxin? Clostridium botulinum Clostridium tetani Clostridium perfringes Clostridium difficile

Clostridium botulinum Rationale: The botulism toxin causes muscle paralysis, which may reduce the appearance of wrinkling of the skin. The toxin is released by clostridium botulinum.

A clinician is explaining to a patient that the patient has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia. Which category of organism causes this form of pneumonia? Bacteria Virus Fungus Helminth

Fungus Rationale: Pneumocystic pneumonia is a form of fungal pneumonia caused by Pneumocysitis jiroveci.

Which disease may present with the following sign? Lyme Botulism Gangrene Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Lyme Rationale: Lyme disease may present with a bullseye rash, as shown in the picture.