patho chapter 25

Which condition/disorder would the nurse see as being likely to cause the most serious long-term problems?

Polycystic kidney disease

The nurse is performing a history and physical on a client with diabetic nephropathy. Findings include BP 124/80; smokes two packs of cigarettes/day; diet high in saturated fats and sodium. Which intervention can help prevent the progression of the diabetic nephropathy?

smoking cessation program

A client has been taking up to 2400 mg of ibuprofen per day for chronic pain following a motor vehicle accident. The client is diagnosed with chronic analgesic nephritis. The client states, "I thought that taking too many drugs hurt your liver if anything, not your kidneys." What is the most appropriate response to the client's statement?

"Your kidneys are vulnerable to damage because of how much blood flows through them and the fact that they break down many drugs."

A nurse's neighbor is experiencing some odd symptoms, and asks the nurse about them. The neighbor states having blood in the urine intermittently and thinks there is a lump in the back (where kidney is located). What advice is most appropriate for the nurse to relay to this neighbor?

"make and appointment with your health care provider immediately"

Which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?

Acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

Hospitalized neonates are at greatest risk of developing septicemia related to which procedure?

Catheter-associated bacteriuria

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, as its name implies, follows an acute infection somewhere else in the body. What is the most common cause of acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?

Group A Β-hemolytic streptococci

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can cause damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys. Which renal disease is diabetic nephropathy associated with?

Nephrotic syndrome

The nurse reviews the lab results for a client who has advanced autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The client 's hemoglobin is 8.8 g/dL (88 g/L). The nurse suspects this lab value is related to which cause?

Reduced production of erythropoietin

A nurse observes that a client's urine is cola colored and considers which factor as a possible reason?

The client's urine contains material from the degradation of red blood cells.

A young woman presents with signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse notes that this is the fifth UTI in as many months. What would this information lead the nurse to believe?

There is possible obstruction in the urinary tract.

A client diagnosed with Goodpasture syndrome would require which therapy to remove proteins and autoantibodies from the system?

plasmapheresis

A cytotechnologist is performing genetic testing on a series of tissues. One tissue comes back with the WT1 mutation, and it's mapped to chromosome 11. What disease will the client mostlikely develop?

Wilms tumor

Which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?

protein

The nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client with suspected nephrotic syndrome. The nurse anticipates the results to include:

protein in the urine

A child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. The parents state that the child is "not making water." When taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about 1 week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We [parents] only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." The nurse should suspect the child has developed:

acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis.

A 34-year-old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. She is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. Her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. What is the most likely diagnosis?

acute pyelonephritis

The nurse is assessing a client who has a unilateral obstruction of the urinary tract. Which clinical finding by the nurse correlates to this diagnosis?

increase in blood pressure

A nurse advises a client with recurring UTIs to drink large amounts of water. What normal protective action is the nurse telling the client to utilize?

increase washout of urine

The nurse is planning care for a client with a urinary tract obstruction. The nurse includes assessment for which possible complication?

increased blood pressure