Patho Exam #3 questions
Describe scleroderma
an autoimmune disease with massive deposits of collagen with fibrosis
The nurse administers vasopressin to a client and recalls that the medication is which type of hormone?
antidiuretic hormone
Which symptom would the nurse identify when assessing a client with Grave's disease?
exophthalmos
Which assessment finding is expected with Graves disease?
exophthalmos, diplopia, pretibial myxedema, periorbital edema, and photophobia
Which condition is associated with pathologic fractures and renal calcium stones?
hyperparathyroidism
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
hypervolemia
Which reason would be the cause for weakness in Addison Disease?
hypocortisolism
While reviewing a patient's laboratory results, the nurse notices a deficiency of GH and knows that the deficiency is consistent with which condition?
hypopituitary dwarfism
Which clinical manifestation is expected with myxedema coma?
hypothermia (severe hypothyroidism!)
Which assessment finding correlates with diabetes mellitus?
increased thirst, hunger and urine output (polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria)
Which metabolic manifestations are likely to be observed in a client with hypothyroidism?
intolerance to cold and decreased body temperature. (difficultly breathing = pulmonary manifestation// decreased BP = cardiovascular manifestation// impaired memory = neuromuscular manifestation)
Which clinical manifestation will the nurse observe upon assessment of a patient with allergic contact dermatitis?
itching, swelling, erythema, and vesicular lesions
Who is most likely to develop hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)?
older adult with type 2 diabetes and renal failure
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is;
pancreatic B-cell destruction
Which are clinical findings usually associated with type 1 diabetes?
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia
Which term would the nurse use that is representative of the process involved in psoriasis?
proliferative
Which disease characteristic is associated with type 1 diabetes?
prone to DKA, results in insulin dependence and is usually diagnosed before age 30.
Which finding in Grave's disease would suggest an exacerbation of the disorder?
10-pound weight loss, very fast-paced talking, hyperactive bowel sounds, heart rate 120bpm, blood pressure 170/86 mmHg
Which disease causes primary hyperthyroidism?
Graves disease, solitary toxic adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter
The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an under production of thyroxine (T4). This condition is associated with which diagnosis?
Myxedema (the most severe form of hypothyroidism)
Which clinical manifestation would the nurse expect to assess in a client with acromegaly?
Prominent jaw
In type 1 diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of...
Respiratory alkalosis (because it is the COMPENSATION for metabolic acidosis)
Which finding will the nurse observe during the assessment of a patient who has plaque psoriasis?
Silvery scale on the skin
Which is a clinical manifestation of Cushing syndrome?
Truncal obesity
Which conditions would the nurse screen for in a patient who has a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 35 mg/dL, a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL, and a waist circumference of 38 inches?
Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and, cardiovascular disease
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include ...
restlessness, tremors, and irritability,
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that ...
results from inadequate ADH secretion
Which clinical findings would the nurse expect to find when caring for a client with hyperthyroidism?
tachycardia and exophthalmos
Which condition would the nurse expect the client to develop if their parathyroid glands have become damaged during a thyroidectomy?
tetany (hyper-excitability of nerves)
The nurse is assessing a client suspected of having hypersecretion of GH. Which question would the nurse ask the client?
Have you noticed thickening of your lips?
While reviewing the client's laboratory reports, the nurse finds that there is an elevation in the client's growth hormone levels. Which key physical changes would the nurse expect to find if acromegaly is suspected?
chest shape (barrel chest), lip thickness, and length of hands
Which hormone levels peak during a client's sleep?
cortisol, thyrotropin, & growth hormone
Which assessment finding is typical for a patient with scleroderma?
dilation of capillaries, tightening of skin over the fingers and toes, & fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue
Which clinical manifestation is associated with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
dyspnea, anorexia, and dulled sensorium
Which clinical manifestation is expected with acromegaly?
enlarged tongue, interstitial edema, and barrel-chested appearance
Which manifestations of surgically induced hypothyroidism might the client exhibit after a thyroidectomy?
fatigue and dry skin
Which clinical manifestation is expected with diabetic ketoacidosis?
fruity breath and Kussmaul respirations
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called...
glycogenolysis
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
Which clinical manifestation is associated with hyperthyroidism?
goiter and weight loss
A client who had a subtotal thyroidectomy asks how hypothyroidism may develop when the problem was hyperthyroidism. Which would the nurse consider when formulating a response?
less thyroid tissue is available to supply thyroid hormone after surgery
Which clinical manifestation would be expected in a client with hyposecretion of growth hormone?
reduced bone density
Which statement reflects accurate information about fluid restrictions in the syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)?
the blood has too much water in it, and restricting fluids helps correct the excess
What is the major difference between DKA and HHNKS?
the degree of insulin deficiency is more profound in DKA, and the degree of fluid deficiency is more marked in HHNKS
