Patho Exam 4 Ch 40

The environment of the vagina is moist with a pH 4.0 to 4.5. The major purpose of the acidic environment is which of the following?

Bacteriostatic.

There are many cancers of the female reproductive system. The nursing student knows that the most readily detected and most easily cured if detected early is which of the following?

Cervical.

The nurse providing teaching about the female reproductive system includes which of the following?

Ovaries are responsible for ovulation and hormone production.

In the normal menstrual function which of the following is primarily responsible for controlling the cyclic changes and length of the menstrual cycle?

Ovaries.

Which of the following female patients is at risk for amenorrhea?

18-year-old with anorexia nervosa.

A female patient with a strong family history of cardiovascular disease asks the nurse if she should take estrogen replacement while in menopause. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Estrogen has additional cardioprotective actions and you and your physician should determine if this would benefit you."

A nurse is teaching a class about the proper way to insert an indwelling catheter. Which of the following statements made by one of the students would demonstrate that the teaching has been effective?

"I will insert the catheter into the urethra."

A client diagnosed with endometriosis asks the nurse how it is that she did not know about this when she had it for so long. What is the nurse's best response?

"Its symptoms mimic those of other disorders."

What should the nurse teach the client about assessing for possible breast cancer?

"Perform monthly self-breast exams after menses."

A female patient informs the nurse that she is having hot flashes on occasion, has trouble sleeping, and thinks that she is having some symptoms of menopause. The patient asks the nurse how long these symptoms will last prior to experiencing menopause. Which of the following is the best response?

"Perimenopause can precede menopause by approximately 4 years."

During a group prenatal class, the nurse teaching the course is explaining the thinning of the cervix that accompanies the stages of labor leading up to delivery. A participant admits that she is not familiar with either the location or normal role of the cervix. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The cervix is the opening between the uterus and the vagina and so it opens wide during the lead-up to birth."

A pregnant patient asks the nurse what is causing her lower leg edema, nausea, and constipation that she is experiencing. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"The increase in progesterone during pregnancy is most likely the cause of these discomforts."

After an office visit with her primary health provider, a female patient with an elevated CA-125 test result asks the nurse if that means she has ovarian cancer. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"The test is not specific for ovarian cancer but suggests further evaluation to find the cause of the elevation."

The nurse is teaching a female client who has been prescribed hormone therapy. The client asks,, "What does this medication do?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"This medication will help relieve hot flashes and other adverse symptoms of menopause."

The nurse is caring for a forty-eight-year-old female client who asks, "How do you know when you have reached menopause?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You are considered to be menopausal when you have not menstruated for a full year and the hormone that fluctuates with menstruation no longer fluctuates."

The nurse is teaching a group of fifth-grade girls about menstruation. One of the students asks, "Will I have periods the rest of my life?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You will have periods until you are about 48 to 55 years of age."

A female patient with uterine leiomyomas asks the nurse about her risk of uterine cancer. Which of the following statements best answers the question?

"Your leiomyomas may cause heavy periods but will not become cancerous.

A patient is diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma, which appears as an inconspicuous thickening of the skin resembling eczema or dermatitis and may produce few symptoms other than pruritus, local discomfort, and exudation. The nurse understands that the cancer metastasizes readily through which mode?

.Multiple lymph channels.

When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond?

48 to 55 years of age.

What will the nurse assess in a client diagnosed with Paget disease as a cause of breast cancer?

A lesion of the nipple on the affected breast.

What is a primary intervention for the nurse to implement for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease ?

Administer antibiotic therapy.

A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of:

Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur.

The nurse is explaining ovulation to a female client. The nurse explains that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are important hormones needed to ovulate and are secreted by which of the following glands?

Anterior Pituitary.

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

Anterior pituitary gland.

A client who has a history of untreated cervicitis tells the nurse that she is concerned about the risk of experiencing problems with fertility. The nurse explains that problems may result from:

Ascending infection of the fallopian tubes.

A female client's assessment identifies symptoms of dyspareunia and burning. The nurse is aware that the client may have developed:

Atrophic vaginitis.

A woman of child-bearing age asks the nurse about a natural method to avoid pregnancy. What is an appropriate response?

Avoid sex when cervical mucus is most stretchy.

A 33-year-old client has sought care because her premenstrual symptoms have been having a negative effect on her quality of life, to the extent that she describes herself as being "unable to function" for several days each month. Which interventions are known to benefit this client's condition? Select all that apply.

Diuresis, Reduction in sugar intake, and Exercise, as tolerated.

The nurse working in a fertility clinic is assessing a patient's risk for fallopian tube obstruction. Which one of the following places the woman at greatest risk?

Endometriosis.

A client who is seeking to become pregnant has made an appointment with a fertility specialist. The clinician is describing the role of the fallopian tubes in response to a question from the client. Which physiologic processes should be explained to the client? Select all that apply.

Facilitating drainage of secretions into the uterus, Providing a passageway for ova, and Acting as a passage for sperm after coitus.

A nurse educator is explaining the process of sexual intercourse, fertilization, and fetal development to a high school biology class. What process should the nurse describe?

Fertilization in the outer portion of the fallopian tube.

A female patient informs the nurse that she had intercourse yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant. She asks the nurse that if she was pregnant, where it would be located at present. Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient?

Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer portion of the Fallopian tube.

A client has just become pregnant and there is a consequent increase in secretions from the columnar epithelium of her endocervix. What effect will this have?

Formation of a mucoid plug to protect her uterus.

Events in the ovulatory cycle progress in a similar manner each month. Place the following events in the ovulatory cycle in the correct chronological order. Use all the options.

Formation of the theca, Formation of the corpus luteum, Formation of the antral follicle, Development of the zona pellicuda, and Bursting of the mature follicle.

A woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle wishes to become pregnant. At which point in the menstrual cycle is the optimal time for intercourse to end in fertilization of the ovum?

Fourteenth day after menses begins.

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be:

HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active.

The nurse performs a complete physical assessment on a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which of the following assessments support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Increased dark facial hair, Elevated blood pressure, and Obesity.

The ovaries secrete both estrogen and progesterone. What is one function of progesterone in the body?

Increases body temperature at ovulation.

The ovaries have a dual function. The nurse is able to explain to the patient that any problems with the ovaries frequently cause which of the following problems?

Menstrual and fertility problems.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder and a common cause of chronic anovulation. In addition to the clinical manifestations of PCOS, long-term health problems, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, have been linked to PCOS. What drug has emerged as an important part of PCOS treatment?

Metformin.

A patient has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the patient may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected?

Pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia.

As women age they tend to lack support of breast tissue. The nurse understands that development of which of the following muscles supports the breast mass higher on the chest wall?

Pectoralis muscles.

A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be:

Progesterone.

Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation?

Progesterone.

The nurse is caring for a female client who has just given birth. The nurse knows that the hormone responsible for the client's ability to breastfeed is which of the following?

Prolactin.

Which of the following benefits are found from the secretions of the columnar epithelium of the endocervix? (Select all that apply.)

Protect the uterus from infection, form a mucous plug during pregnancy, and alter receptivity.

The gonads of the female have a dual function. Which of the following is a function of the female gonads?

Storing female germ cells.

A client tells the nurse that her mother recently passed from ovarian cancer. The client asks why the survival rate from ovarian cancer is so low. The best response would be:

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret.

Which of the following is the most important discharge instruction for a female patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Take all of the antibiotic.

A female patient is taking antibiotics to treat a skin infection and informs the nurse that she does not think the antibiotics are working because now she thinks she has a vaginal infection. Which of the following does the nurse believe has occurred due to the antibiotic use?

The use of the antibiotics decreases the number of lactobacilli in the vagina, which can result in a vaginal infection.

A client has been diagnosed with breast cancer following a suspicious mammogram followed by biopsy. The nurse who is planning this client's care should recognize that her prognosis is primarily dependent on the:

extent to which lymph nodes are involved.

A client with polycystic ovaries is being treated with an oral contraceptive medication. Which change in her condition indicates the treatment is effective?

The client begins a regular menstrual cycle.

Which client does the nurse determine is most likely at risk for cancer of the vagina?

The client who is 60 years old or older.

A female patient presents to her primary healthcare provider stating, "I have such intense vulvar itching that it is driving me crazy." Which of the following assessments would correspond with a diagnosis of lichen sclerosus?

Thinning epithelium with introitus scarring.

The connecting tube between the cervix and the vestibule is referred to as which of the following?

Vagina.

The nurse is checking the pH of a client's vagina tissue and finds the pH to be 4.3. The nurse interprets this finding as:

normal.

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be:

Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein.

During the female menstrual cycle hormones are produced and excreted by various reproductive organs. The hormone progesterone is secreted and is metabolized in which of the following organs?

Liver.

The endocrine system is highly involved in the female reproductive system. Which hormones are used to stimulate the primordial follicles?

FSH and LH.

Which of the following factors in a patient's history is most likely related to the diagnosis of cervical squamous dysplasia?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less than 40 years of age. What is the type found in younger women thought to be caused by?

Human papillomavirus.

A female patient is being seen in the ED with complaints of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, back pain, purulent cervical discharge, and the presence of adnexal tenderness and painful cervix on bimanual pelvic examination. The nurse suspects the patient has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and will assess the patient for which of the following?

Number of sexual partners.

Which of the following interventions would the nurse expect to perform for a patient with primary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply.

Oral contraceptives, and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

A nurse who works on a urology-gynecology ward of a hospital is coming on shift and will be caring for a 34 year-old woman who has been admitted overnight for the treatment of a large endometriosis. What interventions should the nurse most realistically anticipate providing over the course of the shift and the next several days?

Providing pain control; preparing the client for a laparoscopic procedure or hysterectomy.