Patho prep u chapter 13

Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?

increase in prolactin secretion that occurs with more frequent breastfeeding

A client is diagnosed with Addison disease. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions by the nurse?

"I will have to take my medication for the rest of my life."

When educating a client with possible glucocorticoid dysfunction, the nurse will explain that the CRH controls the release of ACTH. The best time to perform the blood test to measure peak ACTH levels would be:

06:00 to 08:00 AM

A client with small cell carcinoma lung cancer may secrete an excess of which hormone, causing an ectopic form of Cushing syndrome due to a nonpituitary tumor?

ACTH

One of the earliest signs of Cushing syndrome is the loss of variable diurnal secretion of cortisol-releasing hormone (CRH) and:

ACTH

The health care provider is reviewing diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels. Select the typical diurnal variation pattern in adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels.

ACTH peaks in the morning and declines throughout the day

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system?

Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells

The signs and symptoms of abrupt cessation of pharmacologic glucocorticoids closely resemble those of which disease process?

Addison disease

A client diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and growth hormone (GH) deficiency will likely display which physical assessment finding?

An 80-year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains of feeling cold

Which effect of thyroid hormone deficit alters the function of all major organs in the body?

An 80-year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains of feeling cold

Which resident of a long-term facility is exhibiting clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?

An 80-year-old woman who has uncharacteristically lost her appetite of late and often complains of feeling cold

A client who has just undergone a thyroidectomy is experiencing high fever, tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. The nurse would interpret these findings as manifestations of which complication?

An adult with an excess of growth hormone due to an adenoma

Which individual displays the precursors to acromegaly?

An adult with an excess of growth hormone due to an adenoma

The newborn nursery nurse is obtaining a blood sample to determine if a newborn has congenital hypothyroidism. What long-term complication is the nurse aware can occur if this test is not performed and the infant has congenital hypothyroidism?

Cretinism

Which pathophysiologic phenomenon may result in a diagnosis of Cushing disease?

Excess ACTH production by a pituitary tumor

The nurse is caring for a client with adrenal hyperplasia. What is the nurse's understanding of the etiology of the condition?

Excessive hormonal stimulation

A nurse on a medical unit is providing care for a 37-year-old female client who has a diagnosis of Graves disease. Which assessments should the nurse prioritize?

Eye health and visual acuity

A client has developed a tumor of the anterior pituitary gland. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for alterations in which body function? Select all that apply.

Growth and metabolism Function of the thyroid gland Glucocorticoid hormone levels Function of the gonads

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who has hyperthyroidism that is untreated. When obtaining vital signs, what is the expected finding?

Heart rate 110 and bounding

The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with Addison disease about the importance of lifetime oral replacement therapy. Which pharmacologic agent would be the drug of choice and included in this teaching plan?

Hydrocortisone

A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment?

Hypothalamus

A client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing?

Increased levels of ACTH

The nurse is caring for a neonate with congenital hypothyroidism. Which alterations does the nurse expect? Select all that apply.

Lack of thyroid gland development Impaired thyroid hormone synthesis Alterations in TSH secretion

Which structure controls the functions of the greatest number of target glands and cells?

Pituitary gland

Several hormones, including growth hormone (GH) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), are bound to and carried by which substance?

Proteins

A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing?

Stimulation testing

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function.

Stimulation tests

A client has developed the facial appearance that is characteristic of myxedema, along with an enlarged tongue, bradycardia, and voice changes. Which treatment modality is most likely to benefit this client?

Synthetic preparations of T3 or T4

The nurse is educating a newly diagnosed client with Hashimoto thyroiditis who is to be discharged from the acute care facility. What should the nurse be sure to include in the education to prevent complications?

The client should be informed about the signs and symptoms of severe hypothyroidism and the need for early intervention.

A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?

The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

Paracrine action involves which characteristic?

act locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone