Patho Quizzes
d) all of the above (from quiz)
A young female is referred to a nephrologist for suspected glomerular disease - nephritic disease. Which of the following are signs of nephritic syndrome? a) hematuria b) proteinuria c) mild edemaa d) all of the above e) only A and B
d) all the above
A young female was referred to nephrologist for suspected glomerular disease - nephritic disease. Which of the following signs of nephritic syndrome? a) Hematuria b) protein c) mild edema d) all the above
d) nephrotic syndrome (from quiz)
Glomerular disorders include a) pyelonephritis b) cystitis c) obstructive uropathy d) nephrotic syndrome
b) Acute of the pre-renal type
65-year-old male was transported to the ER. Six hours ago, he ran a marathon and placed second in the final standing. Vital signs in the ER our blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg, tachycardia, tachypnea. Skin turgor pressure was poor with dry mouth. Initial laboratory values revealed significantly elevated BUN and creatinine. What is the most likely diagnosis? a) Acute renal failure of the post-renal type b) Acute of the pre-renal type c) Acute renal failure of the intrarenal type d) Chronic renal failure
Loss of elastic recoil
A 20 year old history of smoking causes airways to be obstructed as a result
The disappearance of proteins from the urine
A 20-year-old male diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome returns to the clinic for follow up. What event indicates this patient is recovering from nephrotic syndrome?
"Have you taken in excess amount of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?"
A 21-year-old male has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. As the admitting nurse, what is appropriate to ask the patient?
"Have you had any type of infection such as strep throat within the last two weeks?" (from quiz)
A 21-year-old male was admitted to the renal ward for acute glomerulonephritis. As the admitting resident, what question is most appropriate to ask the patient?
The renin-angiotensin system will be activated. (from quiz)
A 25 year-old was involved in a motor vehicle accident. He was transported to UMC in stable condition. Abdominal CT scan showed intra-abdominal bleeding from liver laceration. The patient was prepped for emergency surgery to repair the laceration. Resulting from this traumatic affect, blood flow to the kidneys decreased. Which of the following may/will occur?
Acute glomerulonephritis (from quiz)
A 30-year old male is demonstrating hematuria with RBC casts and proteinuria exceeding 3-5 grams per day, with albumin being the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will see documented in the chart is:
Intrarenal (from quiz)
A 35-year old who was severely burned is now demonstrating symptomology associated with acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which form of renal failure is this patient experiencing?
Proteins (from quiz)
A 42 year old is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. Which dietary restriction will the nurse discuss with the patient?
Inadequate renal blood flow (from quiz)
A 42-year old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident that has resulted in prerenal failure. What is the most likely cause of this patient's condition?
Inadequate production of erythropoietin. (from quiz)
A 45-year old presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and anemia. What is the cause of this patient's anemia?
d) Concentrated urine ~(SIADH will exhibit cerebral edema, not peripheral) ~BP will be higher, as is hypervolemic
A 54 year old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for sydrome of SIAD. Which assessment findings would support this diagnosis? a) Peripheral edema b) tachycardia c) Low BP d) Concentrated urine (clicker question)
a) Hyponatremia
A 54 year old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for sydrome of SIAD. Which electrolyte imbalance would be expected in this patient? a) Hyponatremia b) Hyperkalemia c) Hypernatremia d) Hypokalemia (clicker question)
a.) hematuria (from quiz)
A 54-year old female is diagnosed with Nephritic Syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of the disease? a.) hematuria b) dysuria c) oliguria d) proteinuria
a) hematuria (from quiz)
A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease? a) hematuria b) dysuria c) oliguria d) proteinuria
a) hyponatremia
A 54-year-old patient pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH). Which electrolyte in balance would be expected in this patient? a) hyponatremia b) hypernatremia c) hypokalemia d) hyperkalemia e) hypercalcermia (from quiz)
Uric acid (from quiz)
A 55-year-old male with a history of gout complaint of left flank pain. What type of renal calculi will most likely develop in this patient?
c) azotemia
A 9-year-old boy is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is NOT associated with his disease? a) proteinuria b) hypoalbuminuria c) azotemia d) accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space resulting in edema e) protein loss from the plasma to the glomerular filtrate
a) sideroblastic (microcytic) b) hemolytic c) pernicious (macrocytic/megaloblastic) d) Iron deficiency (microcytic)
A five-year-old was diagnosed with normocytic normochromic anemia. Which type of anemia does the nurse suspect the patient has? a) sideroblastic b) hemolytic c) pernicious d) Iron deficiency
Your immune system was activated an has caused some damage to your kidneys that allowed RBCs to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and makes it coffee colored.
A patient reported a very painful sore throat three weeks ago is now diagnosed with glomerulonephritis. When asked "Why is my urine the color of coffee?" The nurse response:
Uric acid (from quiz)
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be
Albumin is excreted in the urine (from quiz)
A person who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because
Nephrotic Syndrome (from quiz)
Glomerular disorders include
Immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage (from quiz)
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intervenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis
All of the following patients are at risk for acute renal failure of the pre-renal type EXCEPT: a) a 22-year-old male who has lost 40% of his blood volume following a workplace injury b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intervenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis c) 75-year-old male with diagnosis of by ventricular heart failure d) an 80-year-old female, in a nursing home, admitted to the ER for treatment of dehydration and malnutrition
b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis (from quiz)
All of the following patients are at risk for acute renal failure of the pre-renal type EXCEPT: a) a 22-year-old male who has lost 40% of his blood volume following a workplace injury b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis c) 75-year-old male with diagnosis of biventricular heart failure d) an 80-year-old female, in a nursing home, admitted to the ER for treatment of dehydration and malnutrition e) a 20-year-old who is just completed a grueling triathlon in the middle of the summer season
b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis (from quiz)
All of the following patients are at risk for acute renal failure of the pre-renal type EXCEPT: a) a 23-year-old male who has lost 40% of his blood volume following a workplace injury b) a 41-year-old female admitted for intervenous antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis c) a 75-year-old male with diagnosis of biventricular heart disease An 80-year-old female, in a nursing home, admitted to the ER for treatment of dehydration and malnutrition
Acute glomerulonephritis (from quiz)
An infection caused by group A, beta hemolytic streptococci is associated with
c) postrenal (is an obstruction) (from quiz)
An older male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which type of renal failure is this patient at risk for? a) prerenal b) intrarenal c) postrenal d) extra renal
c) Trauma with blood loss, burns, and cariogenic shock are precursors to pre-renal failure (from quiz)
As the chief resident of the nephrology service, you are tasked to educate 4th year medical students rotating through the nephrology clinic. On the first day of rotation, a medical student was involved in admission of a patient with pre-renal failure. Which of the following is a teaching point to the medical student to ensure he understands the disease process? a) The cardinal signs of pre-renal failure is polyuria b) Uretal and bladder outlet are common contributors to pre-renal failure c) Trauma with blood lost, burns, and cariogenic shock are precursors to pre-renal failure d) All of the above e) Only A and B are correct
b) Trauma with blood loss, burns, and carrdiogenic shock are precursors to pre-renal failure
As the nurse educator of the nephrology service, you are tasked to educate 4th nursing students rotating through the nephrology clinic. On the first day of the rotation, a medical student was involved in admission of a patient with pre-renal failure. Which of the following is a teaching point for the medical student to ensure he/she understands a disease process? a) Ureteral and bladder outlet obstruction are common contributors to pre-renal failure b) Trauma with blood loss, burns, and cardiogenic shock are precursors to pre-renal failure c) The cardinal signs of pre-renal failure is polyuria d) All of the above e) Only A and B are correct
Dialysis
At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal failure is noted to have significantly elevated potassium level, pulmonary edema, and mental status change. What is the next best step to initiate for this patient?
a) abnormal cell receptor activity
Besides hyposecretion and hypersecretion, endocrine system dysfunction can result from: a) abnormal cell receptor activity b) abnormal hormone levels c) increased synthesis of second messengers d) extracellular electrolyte alteratons (from quiz)
Hyponatremia (body holds onto too much water) Common causes include diuretic use, diarrhea, heart failure, liver disease, renal disease, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
Condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood is too low
Hashimoto (T cells) T cells destroy. If the thyroid gland is destroyed, this till lead to hypo-functioning.
Disease indicated by cellular auto-immunityagainst thyroid
The release of a proteolytic enzymes from immune cells
Emphysema results from destruction of alveolar walls in capillaries which is due to
immune complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries in inflammatory damage
In acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation results from:
a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, the glomerular inflammation comes from:
Hematuria (from quiz)
Nephrotic Syndrome does not usually cause
hematuria (from quiz)
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
protein (from quiz)
Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ____ in the urine
Protein (from quiz)
Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ______ in the urine
Administer subcutaneous injection of erythropoietin (from quiz)
One of the complications of renal failure is anemia. What is indicated to treat patients with anemia secondary to renal dysfunction or failure?
d) all of the above (from quiz)
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a) oliguria b) RBC casts in the urine c) proteinuria d) all of the above
d) all of the above (from quiz)
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a) oliguria b) RBC casts in urinen c) proteinuria d) all of the above
e) all the listed signs are associated with nephritic syndrome (from quiz)
Signs of nephritic syndrome include: a) hematuria b.) proteinuria c) mild edema d) cholesterol e) all the listed signs are associated with nephritic syndrome
Immune system damage to the glomeruli
The major cause of glomerulonephritis is an
Proteinuria (from quiz)
The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is
Pain (from quiz)
The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is
an immune complex reaction (from quiz)
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
Administer subcutaneous injection of erythropoeitin (from quiz)
What are the complications of renal failure is anemia. What is indicated to treat patient with anemia secondary to renal dysfunction or failure?
Stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies against TSH receptor
What causes Grave's Disease?
Loss of tubular function (from quiz)
What causes polyuria during the stage of renal insufficiency?
Strain all the urine (from quiz)
What intervention do you plan to include in a patient who has renal calculi?
Calcium (from quiz)
What is the most common type of renal stone composed of?
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) (from quiz)
When the kidneys have too few nephrons to excrete metabolic waste, and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance adequately, the patient is said to have ______
Antigen/antibody complex deposition on the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage
When the nurse observes glomerulonephritis as a diagnosis on a patient which principle will the nurse remember? Glomerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
Urine pH (from quiz)
While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is:
Low. With excess fluid being held onto, sodium becomes dilute.
Would blood sodium level be low or high in SIADH?
Low (oliguria) Body wants to hold onto water.
Would urine output be low or high in SIADH?
a) oliguria
Your patient returns for the operating room after a successful abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Which of the following is a sign of renal failure? a) oliguria b) polyuria c) neither of the above