Patho Renal Quiz

Glomerulonephritis

acute inflammation of kidney at glomerulus, caused by immune response, hematuria and proteinuria

polyuria

alot of urine coming out

what is treatment for UTIs?

antibiotics, puridium, increase fluids

A client with acute kidney injury has a serum potassium level of 6.0mEq/L. The nurse should plan which action as a priority? a. Check the sodium level b. Place the client on a cardiac monitor c. Encourage increased vegetables in the diet d. Allow an extra 500 mL of fluid intake to dilute the electrolyte concentration

b

pyelonephritis

FEVER, cystitis untreated can lead to this, higher up than cystitis, affects ureters, pain with urination, CVA tenderness, pyuria (WBCS in urine), usually caused by obstructive uropathy, with healing fibrosis and atrophy may occur

The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm arteriovenous fistula prior to initiating hemodialysis. Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent? a. Palpation of a thrill over the fistula b. Presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist c. Absence of a bruit on auscultation of the fistula d. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of the fingers on the left hand

a

The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that the health care provider has documented that the client has a renal function disorder. On review of the laboratory results, the nurse most likely would expect to note which finding? a. Elevated creatinine level b. Decreased hemoglobin level c. Decreased red blood cell count d. Decreased white blood cell count

a

Nephron

basic unit of kidney, FILTERS the blood of waste and conserves fluid and electrolytes that the body needs

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

best indicator of kidney function, blood filtration, how much blood kidneys receive, peaks at age 30

hematuria

blood in urine, sign of kidney stones

A client arrives at the emergency department with complaints of low abdominal pain and hematuria. The client is afebrile. The nurse next assesses the client to determine a history of which condition? a. Pyelonephritis b. Glomerulonephritis c. Trauma to the bladder or abdomen d. Renal cancer in the client's family

c

recovery

can take up to a year, normal urine output, renal function returning to normal

female risk factors for UTI

cleaning back to front, tight restrictive clothing, irritating bath products, sex

The nurse is collecting data from a client who has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. To determine whether the client currently is experiencing this condition, the nurse should ask the client about the presence of which early symptom? a. Nocturia b. Urinary retention c. Urge incontinence d. Decreased force in the stream of urine

d

male risk factors for UTI

diabetes, dehydration, enlargement of prostate gland, catheters, bladder cancer

glomerulonephritis

disorder where kidneys become inflamed that damages the membranes of the glomerulus (affects kidney filtration)

kidney functions:

fluid balance, acid base balance, activates vitamin D, controls RBC production

diuresis

fluid being leaked out but not filtered, BUN and creatinine still high

cystitis symptoms

frequency, urgency, dysuria (burning), supra pubic and low back pain, hematuria, cloudy urine, flank pain, asymptomatic

How do you assess an AV fistula?

hearing loud bruit and feel a thrill

signs of glomerulonephritis

hematuria and proteinuria

axotemia

high BUN and creatinine

Reasons why Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated:

how body regulates systemic BP and blood volume, renal blood flow and GFR, causes sodium and water reabsorption

what electrolyte imbalance do you have with acute and chronic kidney failure?

hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia

What do both ADH and Aldosterone both do?

increase blood pressure and decreases something

effects of chronic renal failure

increased BUN and creatinine, edema, hypertension, high potassium levels, acidosis, hypocalcemia, anemia, uremic skin residues

stages of acute renal failure:

initial oliguria polyuria recovery

chronic renal failure

irreversible, no nephrons working, hemodialysis and kidney transplant are only options for life support,

when assessing functions of the kidneys you have to look out for what?

kidney stones, the urine would be bloody

prerenal

lack of blood flow, perfusion problem, urine output drops, ischemia of the kidney, ex. hypovolemic shock

acute renal failure

lack of perfusion or ischemia to kidneys, reduced renal blood flow, MAP drops too flow, kidneys are healthy its just a perfusion problem, injury can lead to failure

oliguria

low urine output, less than 20ml hr or 400ml daily

Creatinine Clearance

measure blood and urine creatinine over 24hr period, how much creatinine leaves body through urine

what's another term for kidney stones?

nephrolithiasis

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

normal level 5-20, increases when person is dehydrated, high protein diet and kidney isn't functioning correctly

Serum Creatinine

normal range is 0.5-1.5, takes 12 hrs to raise after injury of some sort, higher the level the lower the GFR, don't want it to be high

postrenal

obstruction, of outflow of urine, urine outflow prevented, could be kidney stones

GRF stages:

okidney damage with normal GRF omild reduction in GRF, 50% nephrons not working omoderate reduction in GRF, 75% not working osevere reduction in GRF okidney failure—kidneys atrophy

intrarenal

problem with kidney itself, nephrotoxic drugs GENTAMYCIN

Aldosterone

reabsorbs more sodium and water into bloodstream, secretes potassium into tubule fluid

erythropoietin

secreted by kidney, stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs in response to hypoxia

initial insult

something causing injury

During the GRF stages, when do symptoms become apparent?

stage 3---BUN and creatinine start to rise

ADH

stops the body from getting rid of fluid

symptoms of BPH

• Poor force of stream • Frequent voiding • Nocturia • Intermittent urinary stream • Urgency • Incomplete bladder emptying