patho test 6

Which disorder does the nurse recognize as being caused by an increase in the hormones that are secreted from the adrenal gland? Addison's disease Hypothyroidism Diabetes mellitus Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome (Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by increased levels of the cortisol hormone, which is secreted from the adrenal gland.)

Which condition exhibits "moon facies" as a characteristic symptom? Myxedema Graves's disease Cushing's syndrome Adrenal insufficiency

Cushing's syndrome (Moon facies are a characteristic feature of Cushing's syndrome)

A client is diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia. Which sign or symptom observed in the client indicates the presence of pituitary tumors? Bone pain Galactorrhea Gynecomastia Visual disturbances

Visual disturbances (Visual disturbances are the characteristic feature of large tumors due to their proximity to the optic nerve chiasm)

Which symptoms are associated with autonomic neuropathy? Select all that apply. a. Anhidrosis b. Gastroparesis c. Microalbuminuria d. Paresthesias in the feet e. Postural hypotension

a. Anhidrosis (Autonomic neuropathy is damage of the nerves, which may result in anhidrosis, or sweat gland dysfunction) b. Gastroparesis (Autonomic neuropathy is associated with damage of the nervous system. So, the nerves in the gastrointestinal system may be damaged. Therefore, the client will have gastroparesis, or partial paralysis of the stomach) e. Postural hypotension (The client with autonomic neuropathy will have low blood flow. Therefore, the client will have postural hypotension)

After reviewing the laboratoy reports of a client with diabetes, the nurse finds that the client hasdiabetic ketoacidosis. Which findings support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. a. Client's arterial blood pH of 6 b. Trace elements of ketones in urine c. Serum bicarbonate level of 12 mEq/L d. Blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL e. PaO2 is 97% on room air

a. Client's arterial blood pH of 6 (Clients with diabetic ketoacidosis will have an arterial blood pH of less than 7.3. The client's arterial pH is 6. This indicates that the client has developed diabetic ketoacidosis) c. Serum bicarbonate level of 12 mEq/L (Clients with diabetic ketoacidosis will have serum bicarbonate levels less than 15 mEq/L. The client has a serum bicarbonate level of 12 mEq/L, indicating diabetic ketoacidosis) d. Blood glucose level of 300 mg/dL (Clients with diabetic ketoacidosis will have a blood glucose level greater than 250 mg/dL. The client has a glucose level of 300 mg/dL, indicating that the client has diabetic ketoacidosis)

The nurse is teaching a group of staff nurses about managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) in clients. Which response by an attending nurse indicates effective learning? "Fluids are administered before administering IV insulin to the client." "IV insulin will be administered until blood glucose is 150 mg/dL." "IV insulin administration is to be followed by subcutaneous insulin." "Fluid administration is to be followed by IV fluid administration."

"Fluids are administered before administering IV insulin to the client." (Clients with HHS will have severe dehydration. To avoid further complications such as hypovolemia, the client should be administered adequate fluids before IV insulin. Therefore, this statement from a student nurse indicates effective learning)

The nurse educator is reviewing treatment strategies that are beneficial to a client with hyperparathyroidism with a group of staff nurses. Which statement by an attending nurse does the nurse educator correct? "The client is prescribed calcitonin to inhibit bone breakdown." "The client is prescribed calcium and vitamins for bone building." "The client is advised to increase water intake to prevent kidney stones." "The client is prescribed bisphosphonates to stimulate osteoclast activity."

"The client is prescribed bisphosphonates to stimulate osteoclast activity." (Bisphosphonates are administered to the client with hyperparathyroidism to inhibit osteoclast activity.)

A client is experiencing issues with abnormal blood glucose levels and infertility. The health-care provider prescribes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the client's head. If asked, which explanation for the test does the nurse provide? "Your issues may be related to your pituitary gland." "The test will rule out the possibility of a brain aneurysm." "This helps identify brain damage from abnormal glucose levels." "A variety of tests will narrow down possible causes of your issues."

"Your issues may be related to your pituitary gland." (The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland, which maintains endocrine hormone balance. Feedback control, both negative and positive, is a fundamental feature of the endocrine system. Negative feedback regulates each of the hypothalamic-pituitary-hormone axes, a process that maintains hormone levels within a narrow range)

A client is admitted to the emergency room with symptoms of impaired mentation, two episodes of seizures, nausea, and vomiting. The blood studies reveal hyponatremia, a high antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level, and low serum osmolality. The urine study shows high urine osmolality. Which medications would be beneficial to the client in this situation? Select all that apply. 1. Conivaptan 2. Furosemide 3. Tetracyclines 4. Bromocriptine 5. Levothyroxine

1. Conivaptan (Conivaptan is an ADH antagonist; it removes excess water in the bloodstream. This drug helps correct dilutional hyponatremia. Therefore, it is beneficial for clients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)) 2. Furosemide (Furosemide helps reduce the water content of blood. Therefore, it is also called an antidiuretic drug. It is beneficial for clients with SIADH) 3. Tetracyclines (Tetracyclines comprise a group of antibiotics that help decrease the effect of ADH on the kidney. Therefore, they are beneficial for clients with SIADH.)

Which electrolyte disturbances occur due to low levels of aldosterone? Select all that apply. 1. Hyperkalemia 2. Hyponatremia 3. Hypercalcemia 4. Hypomagnesemia 5. Hypoglycemia

1. Hyperkalemia (Hyperkalemia is caused by decreased or insufficient levels of aldosterone, which plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure) 2. Hyponatremia (Hyponatremia is caused by decreased levels of aldosterone, which plays an important role in sodium and water excretion)

Which symptoms does the nurse observe in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? Select all that apply. 1. Polyuria 2. Confusion 3. Polydipsia 4. Hypertension 5. Anorexia

1. Polyuria (The client with HHS will have dehydration due to an increase in osmolarity. Therefore, the client may have polyuria) 2. Confusion (The client with HHS will have extreme levels of high sugar, which induce sleep. Therefore, the client will have disorientation or confusion) 3. Polydipsia (The client with HHS will have very high blood glucose levels, which may result in dehydration. Therefore, the client will have a risk of polydipsia.)

While assessing a client with a pineal tumor, the nurse finds disturbed vision. Which other signs and symptoms are associated with this disorder? Select all that apply. 1. Seizures 2. Bulging eyes 3. Conjunctivitis 4. Memory disturbances 5. Upper eyelid retraction

1. Seizures (Seizure is a neurovascular sign observed in clients with a pineal tumor due to pressure exerted by the enlarged adrenal gland on the adjacent brain tissue) 4. Memory disturbances (Memory disturbances are characteristic signs and symptoms that occur due to a pineal gland tumor caused by hyperfunction or hypofunction of the endocrine gland)

The caregiver of a client tells the nurse, "The client has coarsening of facial features and enlarged bones in the face." On assessment of the client, the nurse finds that the client has high blood pressure and visual impairment. Which diagnostic tests does the nurse expect the health-care provider to prescribe? Select all that apply. 1. Ultrasonography 2. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the whole head 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the whole head 4. Corticotropin stimulation test 5. Blood studies of tropic hormones

2. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the whole head (A CT scan of the whole head enables the primary health-care provider to look for a pituitary tumor. The client's signs and symptoms indicate a pituitary tumor) 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the whole head (MRI scans of the whole head provide a detailed picture of tissues and organs. Therefore, the primary health-care provider will prescribe MRI scans of the whole head to confirm the diagnosis) 5. Blood studies of tropic hormones (Blood studies are helpful for accurate measurement of tropic hormones in the body)

While preparing a client for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the nurse asks the client to ingest soda that contains 80 g of carbohydrates. After 2 hours, the nurse measures the postprandial blood glucose level and concludes that the client has diabetes mellitus. Which blood glucose finding supports the nurse's conclusion? 160 mg/dL 190 mg/dL 250 mg/dL 100 mg/dL

250 mg/dL (A postprandial blood glucose level equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL is indicative of diabetes. Therefore, the postprandial blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL supports the nurse's conclusion)

Which signs or symptoms does the nurse observe while assessing a client with diabetes insipidus? Select all that apply. 1. Amenorrhea 2. Galactorrhea 3. Poor skin turgor 4. Orthostatic hypotension 5. Dry mucous membranes

3. poor skin turgor (Poor skin turgor is a sign that indicates dehydration in the client with diabetes insipidus) 5. dry mucous membranes (Dry mucous membranes indicate dehydration in the client with diabetes insipidus)

Which value of cortisol levels does the nurse expect to find in the laboratory report of a client with Cushing's disease? 0.6 mcg/dL 1.8 mcg/dL 2.4 mcg/dL 3.8 mcg/dL

3.8 mcg/dL (A serum cortisol level greater than 3 mcg/dL is present in individuals with Cushing's syndrome. Therefore, the nurse may find a serum cortisol level of 3.8 mcg/dL in the laboratory report of the client with Cushing's disease)

The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which finding helped the nurse to reach this conclusion? A fasting plasma glucose level of 100 mg/dL A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7 A postprandial blood glucose level of 170 mg/dL Random plasma glucose testing of 180 mg/dL

A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7 (HbA1C gives the average blood glucose value for the past 3 months. An HbA1C value above 6.5 indicates diabetes mellitus. The laboratory report of this client shows an HbA1C value of 7, which suggests that the client has diabetes)

Which congenital condition does the nurse recognize as being due to thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development and early neonatal life? Cretinism Pheochromocytoma Sheehan's syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome

Cretinism (Cretinism is a congenital condition caused by hypothyroidism during embryonic development and early neonatal life)

The nurse observes sweating, dizziness, and disorientation in the client with a known history of diabetes mellitus. Finger-stick blood glucose level is 40 mg/dL. When consulting the health-care provider, which treatment option does the nurse anticipate being most beneficial to the client? Administering 25 g of glucose intravenously Administering 1 mg of glucagon subcutaneously Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously Administering sweetened orange juice orally

Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously (Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose IV injection provides relief from hypoglycemic symptoms immediately due to its rapid action. It is the most preferred remedy to manage hypoglycemia in the client. Therefore, the primary health-care provider will suggest the nurse administer 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously)

The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client with diabetes mellitus and concludes that the client has diabetic nephropathy. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion? Ketones in urine Glucose in urine Albumin in urine Protein in urine

Albumin in urine (High blood glucose levels damage the glomerular capillaries and make them hyperpermeable, allowing albumin to leak into the urine. Microalbuminuria is a sign of nephropathy. Therefore, the presence of albumin in the urine suggests the risk of diabetic nephropathy in the client)

A client tells the nurse, "I've been feeling excessively thirsty for the last 2 days." On examination, the nurse finds the client has poor skin turgor, low blood pressure, and dry skin. A computerized tomography scan of the client's head shows a pituitary tumor. Which treatment does the nurse expect to be prescribed by the health-care provider? Bromocriptine Growth hormone Arginine vasopressin Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Arginine vasopressin (Arginine vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Administration of ADH helps to relieve signs of dehydration such as poor skin turgor, low blood pressure (BP), and dry skin.)

The nurse in a maternal care clinic is performing the initial assessment on a client who just learned about being pregnant. Which finding alerts the nurse to a possibility of the client developing gestational diabetes mellitus? Blood pressure of 118/70 mm Hg Negative family history of diabetes Body mass index of 32 First pregnancy

Body mass index of 32 (Obesity creates a risk for the development of gestational diabetes. With a body mass index of 32, the client is considered obese)

Which medication does the health-care provider prescribe for the treatment of prolactinoma in a client with hyperpituitarism? Conivaptan Furosemide Bromocriptine Levothyroxine

Bromocriptine (Treatment requires medications that block growth hormone (GH) and surgical excision of any pituitary tumor. In prolactinoma, bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist medication that blocks secretion of prolactin (PRL) and can shrink tumors)

Which diagnostic test helps in detecting the natural insulin secretion from the pancreas? Urinalysis C-peptide test Islet cell autoantibodies test Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

C-peptide test (The pancreas releases C-peptide when it secretes insulin. Therefore, the C-peptide test helps detect if there is natural insulin secretion from the pancreas)

Which is the most common complication expected in clients with type 1 diabetes? Diabetic ketoacidosis Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome Metabolic syndrome Exogenous insulin dependency

Diabetic ketoacidosis (Clients with type 1 diabetes have a risk of ketone formation from lipolysis due to the absence of endogenous insulin. This results in diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, diabetic ketoacidosis is the most expected complication in clients with type 1 diabetes)

Which endocrine disorder involves treatment using antithyroid hormone medication such as propylthiouracil (PTU)? Graves's disease Plummer's disease Cushing's disease Addison's disease

Graves's disease (Graves's disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, which is commonly treated with PTU. This medication helps suppress the function of the thyroid gland)

A male adolescent client with an age of 13 years is assessed at a height of 4 feet, 2 inches. The manifestation is related to abnormal growth hormone levels. Which treatment does the nurse expect to be prescribed? Transsphenoidal surgery of the pituitary Regular administration of bromocriptine Radioactive iodine ablation therapy Growth hormone replacement therapy

Growth hormone replacement therapy (The client is exhibiting the manifestations of growth hormone deficiency. Hormone replacement therapy is used to treat hormone deficiency)

The nurse is providing care to a diabetic client who is experiencing prolonged wound healing. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? Immunosuppression Peripheral neuropathy Transient ischemic attack Accelerated atherosclerosis

Immunosuppression (Immunosuppression delays the wound healing capacity and increases the risk of infections in diabetic clients)

The mother of an adolescent diabetic client tells the nurse, "My daughter is skipping insulin doses frequently because she is concerned about weight gain." Which condition does the nurse document for this client? Insulin purging Autonomic neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy Psychological insulin resistance

Insulin purging (The adolescent skips insulin medication to avoid weight gain. This tendency to skip medication is called insulin purging)

Which diagnostic test is appropriate to rule out ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting tumors in the body? Chest x-ray Octreotide scintigraphy Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan

Octreotide scintigraphy (An octreotide scintigraphy is a diagnostic test used to rule out ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors in the body)

Which disorder is described as the complete loss of all of the pituitary hormones? Hypopituitarism Panhypopituitarism Sheehan's syndrome Empty sella syndrome

Panhypopituitarism (Panhypopituitarism is the complete loss of all the pituitary hormones, which is a rare disorder)

A client is being scheduled for thyroid testing. For which diagnostic test does the nurse prepare the client for detecting hyperactivity of the thyroid gland? Sestamibi scan Ultrasound Radioactive iodine scan Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the anterior neck

Radioactive iodine scan (Hyperactivity of the thyroid gland is seen in hyperthyroidism. A radioactive iodine scan shows the hyperactive gland)

The nurse finds the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction in a client are due to abnormal pituitary activity. The client's laboratory report shows a low TSH level, which supports the nurse's finding. Which type of endocrine disorder is likely present in the client? Primary hypothyroidism Tertiary hyperthyroidism Primary hyperthyroidism Secondary hypothyroidism

Secondary hypothyroidism (Secondary hypothyroidism is caused by abnormal pituitary activity)

The nurse is providing care for a client with diabetes mellitus. The nurse obtains a glucose blood level of 55 mg/dL. For which complication does the nurse prepare the client? Bradycardia Anhidrosis Anorexia Seizure

Seizure (A blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL indicates severe hypoglycemia in clients. Clients with severe hypoglycemia are at risk for seizures and coma.)

The nurse is assessing the blood glucose levels of a client at regular intervals. The nurse finds 55 mg/dL of blood glucose at 2:00 a.m. and 150 mg/dL at 7:00 a.m. Which mechanism does the nurse suspect behind the change in the glucose levels in the client? Somogyi effect Dawn phenomenon Prediabetes Rebound hypoglycemia

Somogyi effect (Blood glucose levels of 55 mg/dL at 2 a.m. and 150 mg/dL at 7 a.m. indicate nocturnal hypoglycemia and morning hyperglycemia in the client. When the blood glucose levels drop too low during the night, the body counters by releasing hormones to raise it. This mechanism is known as the Somogyi effect.)

The nurse observes the final diagnosis of four clients in their case reports as given here. In which client does the nurse notice the presence of Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign? The client diagnosed with pineal tumor The client diagnosed with hypothyroidism The client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma The client diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism

The client diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism (Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign may be seen in this client because hyperparathyroidism is excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. The presence of Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign is due to muscle weakness and bone demineralization)

Four clients are diagnosed with different endocrine disorders as given here. Which client would be prescribed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the abdomen to visualize the adrenal gland? The client diagnosed with a pineal tumor The client diagnosed with hypothyroidism The client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma The client diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism

The client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma (A pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla. Therefore, this client requires an MRI scan of the abdomen to visualize the adrenal gland)

The nurse is caring for four clients in a health-care setting diagnosed with different endocrine disorders. Which client requires treatment by placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt? The client diagnosed with pineal tumor The client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus The client diagnosed with pheochromocytoma The client diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome

The client diagnosed with pineal tumor (A tumor in the pineal gland causes severe dysfunction and results in hydrocephalus, memory disturbances, seizures, and visual disturbances. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt is used to decrease the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) blockage)

The nurse is providing care for a client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health-care provider prescribes the antidiabetic noninsulin drug glipizide to be taken once daily. Which finding on the client's record causes the nurse to contact the health-care provider? The client has a previous diagnosis of moderate renal dysfunction. The client does not have insurance and will be paying for prescriptions. The client has a previous history of an allergic reaction to sulfa. The client is currently being treated for hyperlipidemia.

The client has a previous history of an allergic reaction to sulfa. (Allergy to sulfa is a contraindication to use of sulfonylurea drugs. This finding causes the nurse to contact the health-care provider)

The nurse observes hyperpigmented, velvety macular lesions on the neck during the assessment of a diabetic client. Which conclusion does the nurse draw from this observation? The client has lipoatrophy. The client has lipohypertrophy. The client has acanthosis nigricans. The client has pigmented pretibial papules.

The client has acanthosis nigricans. (Acanthosis nigricans is associated with velvety macular lesions on the neck and axilla. This occurs due to insulin resistance)

The nurse is caring for a client with immune-mediated type 1 diabetes. Which does the nurse expect to be the cause of this condition in the client? The client has hyperinsulinism. The client has destruction of beta cells. The client has insulin resistance. The client has autoimmune disorders.

The client has destruction of beta cells. (Immunological destruction of beta cells of the pancreas results in a condition called immune-mediated type 1 diabetes)

The laboratory report of a client shows arterial blood pH of 7.6, blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL, and serum bicarbonate level of 17 mEq/L. Which conclusion does the nurse draw from these laboratory findings? The client has diabetic ketoacidosis. The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. The client has prediabetes. The client is compromised due to another illness.

The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. (Clients who develop hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome will have an arterial blood pH of more than 7.3, blood glucose level above 600 mg/dL, and serum bicarbonate level more than 15mEq/L. Therefore, from the laboratory findings the nurse infers that the client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome)

A client who underwent laryngotomy presented with depression, increased sensitivity to cold, and constipation. On assessment, the nurse identifies the client with a puffy face and periorbital edema. The blood report shows a high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Which does the nurse interpret from the findings? The client has hypothyroidism. The client has hyperthyroidism. The client has hypoparathyroidism. The client has hyperparathyroidism.

The client has hypothyroidism. (Hypothyroidism is characterized by weight gain, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, puffy face, and periorbital edema. The blood report shows a high TSH level, which further confirms the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.)

The nurse is caring for a client with seizures, severely elevated blood pressure, and impaired mentation. The health-care provider suspects the client's condition is an endocrine disorder. A 24-hour urinalysis report shows an excess amount of catecholamine metabolites. What is the diagnosis of the client? The client has a pineal tumor. The client has pheochromocytoma. The client has Cushing's syndrome. The client has multiple endocrine neoplasia.

The client has pheochromocytoma. (Pheochromocytoma is characterized by hypertensive crises such as severely elevated blood pressure (BP), seizures, and altered mental status due to excess secretion of catecholamines. A 24-hour urine analysis is the most common method used for diagnosing the condition. Presence of catecholamines indicates pheochromocytoma)

The nurse is providing care for a client just diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. For which reason does the nurse anticipate a C-peptide test for the client? To evaluate residual pancreatic function To monitor the status of pancreatic beta cells To monitor the red blood cell count To evaluate the presence of renal dysfunction

To evaluate residual pancreatic function (The C-peptide test is a diagnostic test to detect the natural insulin secreted by the pancreas. The client with type 1 diabetes will have low or absent natural insulin. Therefore, the nurse evaluates residual pancreatic function through this test)

The nurse suspects nocturnal hypoglycemia in a diabetic client. Which symptoms does the nurse expect to observe in this client? Select all that apply. a. Sleep disturbance b. Vivid nightmares c. Severe dehydration d. Morning headache e. All of the above

a. Sleep disturbance (Nocturnal hypoglycemia is low nighttime blood glucose levels. This leads to sleep disruption in the clients. Therefore, the client will experience sleeplessness) b. Vivid nightmares (Vivid nightmares can be seen in the clients who have nocturnal hypoglycemia) d. Morning headache (The client with nocturnal hypoglycemia complains of a morning headache)

A client with diabetes is prescribed exenatide (Byetta). Which are the immediate effects of the drug that can be observed in the client? Select all that apply. a. Weight loss b. Delay in gastric emptying c. Glucose-dependent insulin secretion d. Improved beta cell mass and function e. Suppression of postprandial glucagon

b. Delay in gastric emptying (The immediate effect of exenatide (Byetta) is that it delays emptying of the stomach by reducing secretion of postprandial glucagon) c. Glucose-dependent insulin secretion (Exenatide (Byetta) is an incretin mimetic drug, which helps to control glycemia by secreting glucose-dependent insulin. This drug effect is seen immediately) e. Suppression of postprandial glucagon (Exenatide (Byetta) suppresses the secretion of postprandial glucagon, which helps provide antidiabetic effects. This drug effect is seen immediately in the client)

After reviewing the medical records of an adult female client, the nurse concludes the client has metabolic syndrome. Which findings helped the nurse to reach this conclusion? a. Triglyceride level of 140 mg/dL, waist circumference of 32 inches, and fasting blood glucose level of 80 mg/dL b. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 40 mg/dL, blood pressure of 138/90 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL c. Fasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dL, triglyceride level of 120 mg/dL, and waist circumference of 30 inches d. Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, waist circumference of 34 inches, and triglyceride level of 130 mg/dL

b. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 40 mg/dL, blood pressure of 138/90 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL (A woman who has an HDL less than 50 mg/dL, blood pressure more than 20/80 mm Hg, and a fasting blood glucose level less than 100 mg/dL will have a risk for metabolic syndrome. The client has an HDL of 40 mg/dL, a fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL, and a blood pressure of 138/90 mm Hg, indicating that the client has metabolic syndrome)

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of different clients. Which client does the nurse expect to have metabolic syndrome? a. The male client with a waist circumference of 38 inches and triglyceride levels of 100 mg/dL b. The female client with a waist circumference of 37 inches and triglyceride levels of 160 mg/dL c. The male client with a waist circumference of 32 inches and triglyceride levels of 130 mg/dL d. The female client with a waist circumference of 30 inches and triglyceride levels of 120 mg/dL

b. The female client with a waist circumference of 37 inches and triglyceride levels of 160 mg/dL (The female who has a waist circumference of more than 35 inches and triglycerides of more than 150 mg/dL will have a risk of metabolic syndrome. This client has a waist circumference of 37 inches and a triglyceride level of 160 mg/dL, indicating that the client has metabolic syndrome)

The nurse is assessing the medical records of different clients with diabetes. Which client has a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease? a. The client with a blood pressure of 130/90 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of 140 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels of 40 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels of 170 mg/dL b. The client with a blood pressure of 128/90 mm Hg, LDL levels of 120 mg/dL, HDL levels of 50 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels of 160 mg/dL c. The client with a blood pressure of 115/75 mm Hg, LDL levels of 100 mg/dL, HDL levels of 70 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels of 140 mg/dL d. The client with a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg, LDL levels of 130 mg/dL, HDL levels of 45 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels of 175 mg/dL

c. The client with a blood pressure of 115/75 mm Hg, LDL levels of 100 mg/dL, HDL levels of 70 mg/dL, and triglyceride levels of 140 mg/dL (Client 3 has blood pressure 115/75 mm Hg, LDL 100 mg/dL, HDL 70 mg/dL, and triglycerides 140 mg/dL, indicating that the client has blood pressure less than 120/80 mm Hg, LDL normal, a slightly high HDL, and normal triglycerides. Therefore, Client 3 does not have a risk of cardiovascular disease)