PATHO WEEK 6 QUIZ

What reproductive tract disorder is most likely associated with urinary stress incontinence?

CYSTOCELE

~SG T/F Endometriosis refers to excessive hyperplastic growth of the endometrial tissue lining the uterus.

F

~SG T/F Most cases of vulvovaginitis are associated with Candida albicans infection.

T

Cryptorchidism is a. associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer. b. an extremely uncommon disorder. c. rarely treated. d. a consequence of gonorrhea.

a. associated with an increased incidence of testicular cancer.

in addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include A. hematuria. B. postrenal renal failure. C. urinary urgency. D. proteinuria.

A. hematuria.

Characteristics of cystitis include (Select all that apply.) A. more common in women. B. less complicated in men. C. associated with catheterization of the bladder. D. fostered by stasis of urine. E. usually resolve without treatment.

A. more common in women. C. associated with catheterization of the bladder. D. fostered by stasis of urine.

The greatest risk factor for bladder cancer is A. smoking. B. recurrent bladder infections. C. low fluid intake. D. family history of bladder cancer.

A. smoking.

A patient with renal disease is at risk for developing uremia as the nephrons progressively deteriorate, because a. the basement membrane becomes increasingly permeable. b. filtration exceeds secretory and reabsorptive capacity. c. excessive solute and water are lost in the urine. d. GFR declines.

d. GFR declines.

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? a. Acute pyelonephritis b. Hydroureter c. Incontinence d. Polycystic kidney disease

d. Polycystic kidney disease

The microorganisms that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is A) Klebsiella B) Escherichia coli C) Herpes simplex virus D) Candida albicans

B) Escherichia coli

~SG Endometriosis is A) An abnormal endometrial proliferation due to unopposed estrogen stimulation B) The presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity C) A cancer of the endometrial lining of the uterus D) an inflammatory condition of the endometrium

B) The presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux. "Why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother. The nurse's best response is A. "When he urinates, the urine makes a fluid trail to the bladder, and if he does not clean himself well, bacteria will enter and make a bladder infection." B. "When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder." C. "When he urinates, urine leaks into his bowel and bacteria from the bowel leak into the bladder, where they grow and make a bladder infection." D. "When he urinates, urine stays in his bladder and the normal bacteria that live in the bladder have a chance to grow and cause a bladder infection."

B. "When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder."

SG The difference between stress incontinence and urge incontinence is that stress incontinence A. Occurs in women, whereas urge incontinence occurs in both men and women. B. Is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle. C. Occurs during sleep, whereas urge incontinence occurs during the waking hours. D. Is caused by a detrusor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a neurologic problem.

B. Is caused by a pelvic floor muscle problem, whereas urge incontinence is caused by a problem with the detrusor muscle.

Which group is at the highest risk for urinary tract infection? A. Infants and children B. Sexually active women C. Adult males D. Patients taking diuretics

B. Sexually active women

The most frequent initial symptom of bladder cancer is A. bladder infection. B. hematuria. C. sudden incontinence. D. dysuria.

B. hematuria.

The direct cause of stress incontinence is A. the effect of aging. B. pelvic muscle weakness. C. neurologic conditions. D. detrusor muscle overactivity.

B. pelvic muscle weakness.

Vesicoureteral reflux is associated with A. increased serum creatinine. B. recurrent cystitis. C. polycystic renal disease. D. proteinuria.

B. recurrent cystitis.

SG A ureterocele is: A. Fusion of both ureters at the bladder junction. B. Additional ureter. C. Cystic dilation of a ureter. D. Abnormally placed ureter.

C. Cystic dilation of a ureter.

~SG At what period during the life span would a finding of leiomyomas be less likely? A) During the reproductive years B) During pregnancy C) During perimenopause D) During the years after menopause

D) During the years after menopause

~sg Which condition constitutes an emergency situation? A) Phimosis B) Hydrocele C) Epididymitis D) Testicular Torsion

D) Testicular Torsion

A common component of renal calculi is a. calcium. b. cholesterol. c. creatinine. d. urobilirubin.

a. calcium.

Uterine prolapse is caused by a relaxation of the a. cardinal ligaments b. abdominal organs c. cervix d. vaginal musculature

a. cardinal ligaments

A 32-year-old female complaining of severe pain with menstruation and inability to participate in her routine household activities is likely experiencing a. dysmenorrhea b. menorrhagia c. amenorrhea d. spontaneous abortion

a. dysmenorrhea

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically have a. fever .b. oliguria. c. edema. d. hypertension.

a. fever

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by a. fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance. b. fever and diminishing cognition. c. sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine. d. magnesium and phosphorous loss in the urine.

a. fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.

~SG One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is a. hypertension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. chronic pyelonephritis. d. polycystic kidney disease.

a. hypertension.

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is a. insufficient erythropoietin. b. blood loss secondary to hematuria. c. vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to deficient intrinsic factor. d. iron deficiency.

a. insufficient erythropoietin.

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a. ischemic conditions. b. cytotoxic agents. c. immune reaction. d. prolonged postrenal kidney injury.

a. ischemic conditions.

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is a. pain. b. vomiting. c. hematuria. d. oliguria.

a. pain.

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by a. severe hypotension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. bilateral kidney stones. d. acute tubular necrosis.

a. severe hypotension.

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux. b. nephrotic syndrome. c. respiratory disease. d. glomerulonephritis.

a. urinary retention and reflux.

~SG Infection by ________ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis. a. Chlamydia trachomatis b. Candida albicans c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae d. Pseudomonas

b. Candida albicans

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. Streptococcus. b. Escherichia coli. c. Klebsiella. d. Enterobacter.

b. Escherichia coli.

The most common type of renal stone is a. uric acid. b. calcium. c. struvite. d. cysteine

b. calcium.

~SG Endometriosis is a condition in which a. the endometrium sloughs continuously. b. ectopic endometrial tissue is present. c. an abnormal Pap smear is diagnostic. d. the endometrium proliferates and does not shed.

b. ectopic endometrial tissue is present.

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as a. placenta previa b. hyperemesis gravidarum c. abruptio placentae d. spontaneous abortion

b. hyperemesis gravidarum

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by a. severe hypotension. b. glomerulonephritis. c. bilateral kidney stones. d. acute tubular necrosis.

c. bilateral kidney stones.

anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by a. chronic loss of blood in the urine. b. poor appetite, with lack of iron intake. c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin. d. increased secretion of aldosterone.

c. decreased secretion of erythropoietin.

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include a. bacteria in the urine. b. intermittent urinary colic. c. hematuria. d. red blood cell casts in the urine

c. hematuria.

~sg Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative ofa. prostatitis.b. testicular cancer.c. testicular torsion.d. epididymitis.

c. testicular torsion

The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia. b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus. c. an anaphylactic reaction. d. an immune complex reaction.

d. an immune complex reaction

the condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is a. azotemia. b. increased creatinine. c. hypertension. d. hyperkalemia.

d. hyperkalemia.

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is a. immediate cesarean section b. seizure prophylaxis c. surgical removal of uterine contents d. intravenous therapy

d. intravenous therapy

The most common types of uterine tumors are known as a. ovarian cysts. b. endometriomas. c. hydatidiform moles. d. leiomyomas.

d. leiomyomas.

a progressive decrease in the force of the urinary stream, dribbling of urine, and dificulity initiating the urinary stream are characteristic of a. prostatitis. b. urinary calculi. c. bladder carcinoma. d. prostatic enlargement.

d. prostatic enlargement.

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a. potassium oxalate. b. struvite. c. cysteine. d. uric acid crystals.

d. uric acid crystals