Pathology: chap1

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has a centralized necrosis is called

A granuloma

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called:

Chemotherapy

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of

AIDS

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm

Ecchymosis

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a

Infarct

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called:

Seeding

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to

Petechiae

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered

Active immunity

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a

Adenocarcinoma

All pyrogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing

Bacteremia

When tuner cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to

Cachexia

The most common hereditary abnormality is

Enzyme deficiency

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis especially in the diabetic foot

Gangrene

What term is used to denote a disease in which the underlying causes is unknown

Idiopathic

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is:

Lymphatic spread

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a gland like pattern are

Adenomas

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as

Hematoma

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is:

MRI

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called

Myomas

Alterations of cell growth, specially an abnormal proliferation of cells is called

Neoplasia

The Latin word for "new growth" is

Neoplasia

An inflammation associated with pus formation is

Suppurative inflammation

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is

Exudate

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with

Granulation tissue

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is:

Human immunodeficiency virus

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by

Hyperemia

New growth that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered

Malignant

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of:

Anaphylactic reactions

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered

Anaplastic

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called

Anasarca

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are:

Anorexia and dysphagia

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue.

Antibodies Immunoglobulins

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are result of the

Increased blood flow and vascular permeability

The initial response of body tissue to local injury is

Inflammation

Basic reactions of the body to some form of injury is a

Disease process

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as:

Grading

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called

Oncology

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except:

Osteolytic metastasis

Some bacterial organisms that produce these substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process are known as

Toxins

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called

Transudate

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, the results in

Atrophy

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named a(an) _____ gene.

Dominant

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example

Hyperplasia

When increased function of an organ is required, the term used

Hypertrophy

When a cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered

Hypo plastic

A disease process caused by physician or their treatment

Iatrogenic

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as

Ischemia

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:

Mutations

Volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss and the site of the blood loss will determine

Patient status Clinical significance Treatment required

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of:

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation

Edema

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue, then contracting in the abdomen are known as

Fibrous adhesions

A polyp is a

Projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

In Pyogenic infections, the body responds by the producing a thick, yellow fluid called

Pus

All of the following are protective personnel equipment (PPE), except:

Sharps container

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up:

Squamous cell carcinomas

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called

Benign

The term derived from the Latin term for "crab" is

Cancer

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be:

Staged