Pathology Chapter 1 work book

a blood vessel rupture that is trapped within body tissue results in

a hematoma

A9n) ______ is the result of encapsulation of a pyogenic infection

abscess

a localized encapsulated collection of pus is called a(n)

abscess

benign epithelial neoplasms with glandular characteristics are

adenomas

a localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by occlusion of the arterial supply or venous drainage is

an infarct

critical reaction that can cause death

anaphylactic

without form (cells)

anaplastic

tumors composed of blood vessels

angiomas

loss of appetite

anorexia

_____ react to foreign substances and bind to make antigens harmless

antibodies

foreign substances produced by invading organisms

antigen

foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins are called

antigens

when extravascular fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity it is descrived by the term

ascites

a term that refers to the reduction of the size or number of cells in an organ or tissue is

atrophy

neoplastic growths closely resembling the cells of origin in structure and function are considered

benign tumors

tumor celsl grow well; pt becomes weak and emaciated

cachexia

malignant tumors are collectively known as

cancers

malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin

carcinomas

malignant neoplasms of epithelial origin are called

carcinomas

use of cytotoxic substances that kill neoplastic cells and may cause injury to normal cells

chemotherapy

contagious diseases contracted outside the healthcare facility are known as

community acquired

infections contracted in a public setting outside of the acute care facility

community-acquired infections

large, cystic, benign tumor masses

cystadenomas

determining the precise disease process affecting the pt is known as

disease

difficulty in swallowing

dysphagia

a loss of uniformity of cells and their orientation, associated with prolonged irritation or inflammation, is

dysplasia

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities is known as

edema

an accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid int the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities is

edema

when extravascular fluid accumulates in pleural or pericardial cavities, it is descrived by the term

effusion

a study of determinants compiled for a specific disease in a given population determining the type of neoplastic involvement is

epidemiology

study of the cause of the disease process

etiology

adenocarcinoma refers to a malignancy of _______ tissue

glandular

assessing the aggressiveness of a malignant tumor

grading

_____- is assessing tumor aggressiveness (biologic behavior) or degree of malignancy, whereas _____ descrives extensiveness of the tumor at the primary site and the describespresence or absence of metastases

grading, staging

microcirculation at the injury site results in ______ and _______

heat (color) and readness (rubor)

whtn a blood vessel ruptures and accumulates within blood tissue, it results in a(n)

hematoma

coughing up blood

hemoptysis

the implication of a ruptured blood vessel is

hemorrhage

diseases that pass from one generation to the next though genetic information are known as

hereditary diseases

hypertrophy indicates an increase in the size of cells, whereas an increase in the number of cells is referred to as

hyperplasia

what is indicated by an increase in the size of the cells in the tissue or organ in response to the bodys demand for increased function

hypertrophy

the failure of normal development accounting from a small size is _____ or _____

hypoplacia or aplasia

adverse pt condition casued by doc and their treatment are known as

iatrogenic

disease caused by physician or treatment

iatrogenic

in some cases the underlying cause is unknown and this type of disease is termed

idiopathic

underlying cause is unknown

idiopathic

antibodies must have bound to antigens to develop

immunity

in cases of severe pulmonary edema, the tech may find it necessary to change the technical factors by _____ the _____ to better illustrate the fluid

increases mAs

localized ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ caused by poor vascular supply or drainage is caused by a(n)

infarct

thrombosis or embolic occlusions cause almost all

infarctions

the immediate response the body tissue has to a local injury is

inflammation

an interference of the blood supply possibly caused by arterial narrowing or disease is

ischemia

soft fatty tumors

lipomas

major metastatic route of carcinomas

lymphatic

new growths invading and destroying adjacent structures that spread to distant sites are

malignant neoplasms

the rate that an illness or abnormality occurs is

morbidity

when alterations occur in the DNA structure, ______ may result

mutations

tumors of muscle

myomas

"new growth" infused with abnormal proliferation of cells that are out of control is known as

neoplasia

alterations of cell growth are known as

neoplasia

malignant neoplasms malignant connective tissue neoplasms are _______ which tent to spread more rapidly than carcinomas

sarcomas

malignant tumors from connective tissue, such as bone, muscle and cartilage

sarcomas

measurealbe or objective manifestations

signs

the measureable characteristics the pt exhibits as a result of the disease process are referred to as

signs

refers to extensiveness of a tumor and whether or not it has metastasized

staging

feelings that the pt describes-subjective manifestation

symptoms

the characteristics that the pt feels and describes as his/her condition as a result of a disease process are

symptoms

linked combination of signs and symptoms

syndrome

a low protein fluid that builds up in the tissue such as seen in pulmonary edema is

transudate

swelling bc of the exudate is also known as

tumor

consists of a low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or viruses

vaccine

______ consist of dead or deactivated bacteria or viruses, whereas a(n) ______ is a chemically altered toxin

vaccines, toxoid

as a result of inflammation there are four overlapping responses which are

1. alterations in blood flow and vascular permeability 2. migration of circulating white blood cells to site of injury 3. phygocytosis and enzymatic digestion of dead cells and tissue 4. repair of injury by regeneration

List the five clinical signs of acute inflammation

1. rubor 2. calor 3. tumor 4. dolor 5. loss of function

an immune deficiency attributable to infection though retroviruses is known as ______ and is known to be caused by _____

AIDs, HIV

infections contracted at a healthcare facility are known as

nosocomial infections

the study of neoplasms, also known as tumors, is

oncology

as a result of the swelling, the pressure on the nerve endings causes _____ and possible _____

pain (dolor), loss of function

the name of a tumor is determined by the ______ tissue

parenchymal

the study of diseases that can cause abnormalities in the structure or function of various organ systems is

pathology

neoplasia consists of two basic components, which are the

perechnyma and stroma

the term _______ indicated the membrane has the ability to allow fluids to pass from one structure to another

permeable

opportunistic infection

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

epithelial tumor that grows as a projecting mass arising on the skin or on a mucous membrane

polyp

describing the expected pt outcomes is called

prognosis

probable pt outcome

prognosis

the type of microorganism that leads to the production of thick yellow fluid called pus which contains dead white blood cells inflammatory exudate and bacteria is

pyogenic bactera