pathophysiology evolve questions
which information would the nurse consider when planning care for a group of clients with myasthenia gravis, gullain-barre syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? a. progressive deterioration until death b. deficiencies of essential neurotransmitter c. increased risk for respiratory complications d. involuntary twitching of small muscle groups
C
after the nurse receives a report from the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who completed routine vital signs, which client condition or situation would the nurse address first? a. ready for discharge b. slurred speech c. intravenous IV pump d. pain medication request
b
the nurse is caring for a preterm neonate with physiological jaundice who requires phototherapy. which action is the physiological mechanism of this therapy? a. stimulates the liver to dispose of the bilirubin b. breaks own the bilirubin into a conjustaed a conjugated form c. facilitates the excretion of bilirubin by activating vitamin K d. dissolve the biliruibiin
b
a client who has an above-the-knee amputation (AKA) reports phantom limb sensations. which response would the nurse make? a. reassure the client that these sensations will pass b. explain the psychological component involved to the client c. encourage the client to get involved in diversional activities d. describe the mechanisms in language that the client understands.
describe the mechanisms in language that the client understands
which diagnostic test result will the nurse expect when caring for a client with multiple myeloma? a. occult blood in the stool b. low serum calcium levels c. bence jones protein in the urine positive bacterial culture of sputum
c
which statement is accurate regarding the effects of parathyroid hormone on bones for the maintenance of calcium balance? a. increases bicarbonate and sodium excretion b. enhances absorption of calcium and phosphorous c. increases reabsorption of calcium and magnesium d. increases net release of calcium into extracellular fluid
d
which explanation would the nurse provide to a client about transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)? a. temporary episodes of neurological dysfunction b. intermittent attacks caused by multiple small clots c. ischemic attacks that result in progressive neurological deterioration d. exacerbations of neurological dysfunction alternating with remissions
a
which leukocyte is responsible for the allergic response? a. basophils b. monocytes c. eosinophils d. macrophages
a
while providing nursing care for an adolescent undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia, the nurse notes blood on the child's pillowcase and several bloody tissues. which of the child's laboratory test results would the nurse review? a. platelet count b. hematocrit level c. prothrombin time d. red blood cell count
a
a client who experienced extensive burns is receiving intravenous fluids to replace fluid loss. the nurse would monitor for which initial symptom of fluid overload? a. crackles in the lungs b. decreased heart rate c. decreased blood pressure d. cyanosis of nail beds
a
the nurse assesses bilateral +4 peripheral edema while assessing a client with heart failure and peripheral vascular disease. which is the pathophysiological reason for the excessive edema? a. shift of fluid into the interstitial spaces b. weakening of the cell wall c. increased intravascular compliance increased intracellular fluid volume
a
a client asks the nurse what causes myasthenia gravis. which description of pathology would the nurse use in response to the client? a. a genetic defect in the production of acetylcholine (ACh) b. an inefficient use of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine c. a decreased number of functioning acetylcholine receptor (AChR) sites d. an inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leaving the end plates folded
c
during the immediate post-injury period, which action is the priority focus of nursing care for a client with a spinal cord injury? a. inhibiting urinary tract infections b. preventing ontractures and atrophy c. avoiding flexion or hyperextension of the spin avoiding flexion or hypertension of the spine d. preparing the client for vocational rehabilitation
c
for which clinical indicator would the nurse question a prescription for gastric lavage? a. decreased serum pH b. increased serum oxygen level c. increased serum bicarbonate level d. decreased serum osmotic pressure
c
four clients who sustained head injuries are presented here. which client has the lowest score on the glasgow coma scale? a. client a b. client b c. client c d. client d
c
which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia? a. chron's disease b. cushing disease c. end-stage renal disease d. gastroesophageal reflux disase
c
which clinical indicators would the nurse consider evidence of increasing intracranial pressure? select all that apply. vomiting irritability hypotension increased respirations decreased level of consciousness
vomiting irritability decreased level of consciousness
which condition would a nurse expect to teach about when a client with reddish-blue generalized skin alteration is hospitalized and laboratory findings show an increase in the overall amount of hemoglobin? a. albinism b. addison disease c. polycythemia vera d. methemoglobinemia
c
which chemical buffers excessive acetoacetic acid? a. potassium b. sodium bicarbonate c. carbon dioxide d. sodium chloride
b
what would the nurse include in the plan of care to minimize the potential for a sickling episode in a child with sickle cell anemia? a. providing an iron-rich diet b. ensuring hemoconcentration c. enforcing periods of quiet play d. promoting adequate oxygenation
d
which activity places a client at risk for hyperthermia? a. snowmobiling b. skiing in the winter c. hiking alaskan mountains d. performing strenuous activity in high humidity
d
which laboratory result in a client who has just been admitted with anemia of unknown etiology requires the most rapid action by the nurse? a. hematocrit 30% (0.30) b. hemoglobin 10 g.dL (100 g/L) c. platelet count 12,000 mm^3 (120 x 10^9/L) d. white blood cell count 950 mm^3 (950 x 10^9/L)
d
when the nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas results, which finding would the nurse identify as being consistent with respiratory alkalosis? a. a decreased pH, elevated pCO2 b. an elevated pH, decreased PCO2 c. a decreased pH, decreased PCO2 D. an elevated pH, elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)
b
which action will the nurse take when an unresponsive adult client is admitted to the emergency department on a hot, humid day, with hot, dry skin, a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute, and a heart rate of 128 beats/minute? a. offer cool fluids b. suction the airway c. remove the clothing d. prepare for intubation
c
which diagnosis would a nurse suspect in a client who has an arterial blood gas report of pH 7.25, PCO2 35 mm Hg, and HCO3 20 mEq/L (20 mmol/L)? a. panic attack b. persistent vomiting c. diabetic ketoacidosis d. advanced emphysema
c