Pathophysiology Exam 3

An action potential causes which neurotransmitter to be released at the motor end plate? A. dopamine B. serotonin C. epinephrine D. acetylcholine

acetylcholine

The absence of bone stress leads to A. demineralization B. diarthroses C. rheumatoid arthritis D. bone spurs

demineralization

The pancreas delivers digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to the A. duodenum B. ileum C. jejunum D. cecum

duodenum

What is the order of the compartments of the small intestine? A. jejunum, duodenum, ileum B. duodenum, jejunum, ileum C. ileum, duodenum, jejunum D. duodenum, ileum, jejunum

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with A. elevated ammonia levels B. toxic effect of alcohol on brain cells C. hyperuricemia D. hyperbilirubinemia

elevated ammonia levels

Methotrexate is both a chemotherapy drug and a DMARD (disease modifying antirheumatic drug) that inhibits folic acid synthesis, which impairs DNA synthesis and thus reduces lymphocyctes. Which below is most important for a patient with RA who is taking this medication? A. consuming a healthy diet B. drinking 3 ounces of water per day. C. keeping lab appointments for blood monitoring D. taking and reporting daily weights

keeping lab appointments for blood monitoring

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called A. hepatic encephalopathy B. hepatic meningitis C. encephalitis D. kernicterus

kernicterus

Bone is connected to bone by A. tendons B. ligaments C. muscles D. elastin

ligaments

The ______ prevents the reflux of stomach contents. A. Upper esophageal sphincter B. lower esophageal sphincter C. pyloric valve D. gag reflex

lower esophageal sphincter

The hallmark symptom of bipolar disorder is A. fatigue B. mania C. hallucinations D. over-eating

mania

Sudden onset, acute anxiety for no apparent reason reflects symptoms of A. generalized anxiety disorder. B. phobia. C. panic disorder. D. hallucinations.

panic disorder

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to A. Crohn's disease B. Celiac disease C. Diabetes Mellitus D. Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have similar etiologies (causes). True False

False

Which condition is associated with a loss of articular cartilage caused by aging and wear and tear from repetitive stress? A. Osteosarcoma B. Rheumatoid Arthritis C. Osteoarthritis D. Paget's Disease

Osteoarthritis

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of A. gallbladder disease B. appendicitis C. peritonitis D. pancreatitis

Pancreatitis

An inflammatory, immune-mediated systemic connective tissue disease that results in joint destruction describes A. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy B. Rheutmatoid Arthritis C. Myositis D. Lyme Disease

Rheutmatoid Arthritis

Mania and depression are both characterized by A. high energy and hyperactivity. B. poor appetite. C. hopelessness. D. altered decision-making ability.

altered decision-making ability

Antipsychotic medications, also known as neuroleptics, can cause movement disorders, such as dystonia and akathisia, because of A. an allergic reaction. B. excessive dopamine. C. a lack of dopamine. D. drug interactions.

a lack of dopamine

Inhibiting monamine oxidase with drugs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) causes A. a decrease in neurotransmitters B. no change in neurotransmitters C. an increase in neurotransmitters. D. depression

an increase in neurotransmitters

One of the hallmark signs of depression is anhedonia, which means A. lack of pleasure. B. excessive pleasure. C. inappropriate pleasure. D. rigid movements.

lack of pleasure

Portal hypertension is caused by A. pancreatitis B. kidney failure C. liver disease D. gall bladder disease

liver disease

Atypical antipsychotics have fewer extrapyramidal side effects than first generation antipsychotics. True False

true

Food molecules must be broken down into amino acids, fatty acids, and monosaccharides in order to be absorbed into the blood. True False

true

The production of sodium bicarbonate by the pancreas increases the pH of chyme as it enters the small intestine. True False

true

A type of pneumonia caused by food entering the trachea and lungs is called A. bacterial pneumonia B. atelectic pneumonia C. aspiration pneumonia D. pneumococcal peumonia

aspiration pneumonia

People who take the medication Colchicine for gout should A. eat meat at every meal. B. avoid grapefruit juice. C. not be concerned by a decrease in urine output. D. have no concerns about pregnancy.

avoid grapefruit juice

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to A. hepatitis vaccine B. feces C. blood or semen D. contaminated food

blood or semen

Ulcerative colitis is most commonly associated with A. bloody diarrhea B. ascites C. fistulas D. hypoactive bowel sounds

bloody diarrhea

A patient is prescribed a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) for depression. Which nursing intervention is most important prior to administering this medication? A. ausculate lung sounds B. take the apical pulse C. assess labs for increased WBCs D. check the blood pressure

check the blood pressure

The swelling of injured tissue within the restricted space of the fascia is a medical emergency called A. fasiculitis B. compartment syndrome C. fascitis D. emergent edema

compartment syndrome

A bone fracture accompanied by skin penetration is called a A. closed fracture B. transverse fracture C. compound fracture D. comminuted fracture

compound fracture

A 20 year old male sustains a fractured femur during a motorcycle accident. On the third day post-operatively, he becomes hypoxemic and disoriented with a petechial rash on his neck. In understanding the risk factors for injury to a large, long bone like the femur, which condition below is the nurse most concerned about? A. osteomyelitis B. compartment syndrome C. infection D. fat emboli

fat emboli

Benzodiazepines are sometimes prescribed for anxiety disorders. The main side effect of this class of drugs is A. seizures B. joint pain C. tachycardia D. respiratory depression

respiratory depression

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the A. stomach. B. small intestine. C. large intestine. D. cecum.

small intestine

Which of the following disorders is not considered to be an anxiety disorder? A. Panic attack B. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) D. Borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder

Swallowing requires the neural coordination of several cranial nerves. True False

True

Aplastic anemia, a serious side effect of many antigout medications is manifested as A. GI symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. B. increased WBCs and decreased RBC; platelets are not affected. C. decreased WBCs, decreased RBCs, and decreased platelets. D. an allergic reaction (Type 1 hypersensitivity).

decreased WBCs, decreased RBCs, and decreased platelets.

Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of serotonin may be helpful in the management of A. schizophrenia B. depression C. panic attacks D. delusional disorder

depression

Schizophrenia is best characterized by A. generalized anxiety. B. depression. C. disorganized thinking. D. eating disorders.

disorganized thinking

The site of growth in long bones is the A. trabecular matrix B. corticol matrix C. epiphyseal plate D. myoneural junction

epiphyseal plate

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to be caused by A. excessive dopamine B. deficient dopamine C. serotonin syndrome D. post-traumatic stress disorder

excessive dopamine

Gallstones can occur in the gallbladder, bile ducts, and kidneys. True False

false

The ileocecal valve connects the duodenum in the small intestine to the descending colon in the large intestine. True False

false

"Positive" symptoms of schizophrenia include A. social withdrawal. B. flat affect. C. lack of speech. D. hallucinations.

hallucinations

The first stages of bone healing are characterized by A. osteoblastic activity B. hematoma and callus formation C. osteoclastic remodeling D. mineralization

hematoma and callus formation

Bile is manufactured by A. hepatocytes. B. biliary acini. C. pancreatic d cells. D. gallbladder epithelia.

hepatocytes

A mild form of depression in which social functioning is not affected is called A. hypomania B. mania C. delusional D. anhedonia

hypomania

The condition that occurs when infectious organisms reach the bone is called A. structural degeneration B. infectious bone disease C. osteomyelitis D. Paget's Disease

osteomyelitis

Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach would A. decrease motility. B. decrease hydrogen chloride secretion. C. inhibit acidity. D. stimulate motility.

stimulate motility

Which is the most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction? A. intussusception B. volvulus C. surgical adhesions D. fecal impaction

surgical adhesions