Pathophysiology Module Quiz 2

An adenoma may best be described as: A) a malignant tumor of adipose tissue B) a malignant tumor or glandular epithelial tissue C) a benign tumor of glandular epithelial tissue D) a benign tumor of adipose tissue

C) a benign tumor of glandular epithelial tissue

Which of the following best represents a malignant tumor? A) a perfectly rounded mass of cells covered by an intact capsule B) cube shaped cells that are all intact and perfectly organized C) a mass of cell with varying sizes, and nuclei with no defined borders D) elongated cells that are identical in shape and size

C) a mass of cell with varying sizes, and nuclei with no defined border

Bactericidal drugs A) are drugs that kill viruses B) are drugs that decrease the bacteria rate of replication C) are drugs that destroy/kill bacteria D) are drugs that work only on gram positive bacteria

C) are drugs that destroy/kill bacteria

Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to: A) guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed B) totally block the mitotic stage C) be effective in more phases of the cell cycle D) ensure that the cell undergoes mitosis only once

C) be effective in more phases of the cell cycle

The primary problem with paraneoplastic syndromes are that they A) enhance the local effects of a tumor B) help tumors grow more rapidly C) complicate cancer diagnoses D) help the spread of tumors

C) complicate cancer diagnoses

Which of the following is characteristic of resident or normal flora? A) it exists in all areas of the body B) it is of no benefit to the human host C) different species inhabits various areas of the body D) it consists only of bacteria

C) different species inhabits various areas of the body

What type of cells tend to be damaged the most during chemotherapy and radiation treatments? A) nerve cells B) skeletal muscle cells C) epithelial D) collagen and fibrous tissue

C) epithelial

A promotor is a(n) A) predisposition for neoplastic development B) stage of cancer C) factor that causes further changes in DNA and neoplastic progression D) grade of tumor

C) factor that causes further changes in DNA and neoplastic progression

Which of the following would be the most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy? A) headache and lethargy B) nausea and constipation C) low white blood cell count (leukopenia) and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) D) alopecia and weight loss

C) low white blood cell count (leukopenia) and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

Which cancer and its marker are correctly paired? A) testicular cancer: prostate specific antigen B) stomach/pancreatic cancer: human chorionic gonadotropin C) prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen D) ovarian cancer: ovarian specific antigen

C) prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen

A carrier that can transmit microorganisms from an animal reservoir to humans is known as a(n) A) droplet B) nosocomial agent C) vector D) flora

C) vector

Which of the following is/are characteristics of a benign tumor? A) contains differentiated cells B) the tumor is encapsulated C) the cells are slow growing D) all of the above are correct

D) all of the above are correct

Prostate cancer is most likely to metastasize to which of the following tissue A) intestine B) liver C) pancreas D) bone

D) bone

Which of the following types of surgeries utilizes corrosive paste/creams to remove the tumor? A) electrosurgery B) cryosurgery C) laser surgery D) chemosurgery

D) chemosurgery

Microbial mutation means? A) the immune response to that microbe is strengthened B) pathogens become non-pathogens C) the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate D) genetic information and some microbial characteristics has changed

D) genetic information and some microbial characteristics has changed

The term nosocomical infection means: A) transmission involves an insect or animal host B) spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion C) transmitted by a fomite D) infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility

D) infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility

The spreading of a neoplasm to a distant site through blood or lymphatic circulation is known as A) invasion B) seeding C) vacation D) metastasis

D) metastasis

Which of the following do eukaryotic cells possess that prokaryotic cells do not? A) cell membranes B) cell walls C) flagella D) nuclei

D) nuclei

A malignant tumor arising from bone tissue would be called a(n) A) osteocarcinoma B) osteoma C) osteoblast D) osteosarcoma

D) osteosarcoma

Gram positive bacteria A) do not stain purple and secrete exotoxins B) do not stain purple and secrete endotoxins C) stain purple and secrete endotoxins D) stain purple and secrete exotoxins

D) stain purple and secrete exotoxins

A warning sign of cancer could be any of the following except: A) persistent, unusual bleeding B) a change in bowel habits C) a change in shape, color, or surface of a skin lesion D) sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea

D) sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea

Treatment for cancers generally utilizes several different methods including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. True False

True

A heptacarcinoma would be A) a malignant liver tumor B) a malignant breast tumor C) a benign lung tumor D) a benign liver tumor

A) a malignant liver tumor

Which of the following provides the best description of an opportunistic microorganism? A) a normally beneficial bacteria that lives on the surface of the skin and causes an infection if an open wound is present B) a beneficial bacteria that lives in the large intestine and helps digest food particles C) a pathogenic virus that infects mucous membranes and causes a localized inflammatory response D) a pathogenic bacteria that gets ingested and causes gastrointestinal bleeding and discomfort

A) a normally beneficial bacteria that lives on the surface of the skin and causes an infection if an open wound is present

The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with A) an irreversible change in the DNA of a cell B) exposure to promoters causing dysplasia C) development of defective cells D) a single exposure to a known risk factor causing temporary cell damage

A) an irreversible change in the DNA of a cell

One reason for staging a tumor at the time of diagnosis is to: A) determine the best treatment and the prognosis B) locate and identify the primary tumor C) decide what caused the tumor D) identify the original cell from which the tumor developed

A) determine the best treatment and the prognosis

In the TNM classification of tumors, the N refers to A) extent of lymph node involvement B) tumor size C) degree of metastasis D) tumor cell differentiation

A) extent of lymph node involvement

Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? A) has both local and systemic effects B) only has local effects C) cells appear relatively normal D) consists of well differentiated cells

A) has both local and systemic effects

An abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over multiple geographic areas around the world is known as a(n) A) pandemic B) endemic C) epidemic D) case of being SOL

A) pandemic

Glucocorticoids are likely prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because A) they reduce the inflammation surrounding the site of treatment B) they greatly enhance the effects of chemotherapy C) they stimulate the immune system D) they make the bone marrow more active

A) they reduce the inflammation surrounding the site of treatment

The process of providing a tumor with new blood vessels to increase blood supply to rapidly growing/dividing cells is known as A) hematocrit B) angiogenesis C) hematopoiesis D) inflammation

B) angiogenesis

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy leave cancer patients more susceptible to infection by A) killing cells circulating in the blood B) depressing bone marrow function C) destroying lymph nodes D) creating immune resistant bacteria

B) depressing bone marrow function

A toxin that is released by dead, gram negative bacteria is known as a(n) A) neurotoxin B) endotoxin C) exotoxin D) intoxication

B) endotoxin

What would be an external source of ionizing radiation? A) a needle containing a radioisotope implanted beside the tumor B) gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine C) a dose of a radioactive drug to be ingested D) a fluid containing radioactive material instilled in a body cavity

B) gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine

Tumor markers found circulating in the blood are A) malignant cells that have broken off from a primary tumor B) molecules secreted by tumors that are often found in circulation C) hormones secreted from a primary tumor that may result in difficulty diagnosing cancer D) sign-posts pointing lymphocytes in the direction of a tumor

B) molecules secreted by tumors that are often found in circulation

Any disruption to the integrity of a surface barrier allowing infectious microorganisms to invade is known as A) portal of entry B) penetration C) ingestion D) inhalation

B) penetration

Anti- angiogenesis drugs would act on a malignant tumor by A) promoting the immune response and removal of tumor cells B) reduce blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells C) blocking hormonal stimulation of tumor cells D) transports radioisotopes to the site of tumor to destroy it

B) reduce blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells

How do antiviral drugs act? A) interfering with cell wall development B) reducing the rate of viral replication C) destroying new, immature viral particles D) decreasing cell membrane permeability

B) reducing the rate of viral replication

Which of the following is not a risk factor for cancer? A) heritable mutations in oncogenes B) studying for pathophysiology quizzes C) smoking D) UV radiation

B) studying for pathophysiology quizzes

Cachexia is another term for A) vomiting B) tissue wasting C) lack of appetite D) weight loss

B) tissue wasting