PCT

Normal breathing is approximately how many respirations per minute in an adult?​

16

A normal healthy pulse pressure should be in the range of ___________

40 mmHg

A normal heart rhythm has a heartbeat at regular intervals of how many beats per minute?​

60-100

What drug therapy can reduce hypertrophy, which is the thickening of the heart?​

ACE Inhibitors

Drugs used to lower blood cholesterol come under a class of medications called

Anti-hyperlipidemic

What type of medications are primarily used for patients suffering from a stroke and the blood clots originate in the heart, and for atrial fibrillation?​

Anticoagulant agents

What was the first recognized antiplatelet drug?​

Aspirin

there is no R-R pattern or similarity between the P-R interval or QRS complexes. Irregularly irregular rhythms are due to abnormalities found in the atria. What disorder that has an irregularly irregular rhythm is illustrated in the ECG tracing in the figure below?​

Atrial Fibrillation

Which of the following occurs during a normal PR segment?​

Atrial depolarization

​A noticeable apical or peripheral pulse rate is usually the only outward sign that a patient has which of the following?

Atrial tachycardia

Which of the following cardiac medications would be given if the indication is bradycardia?​

Atropine

What is released when ventricular pressure changes due to worsening symptoms of heart failure?​

BNP (B Natriuretic Peptide)

What drugs are often prescribed after a person suffers a myocardial infarction because the medication relieves stress on the heart muscle by reducing the force of a heartbeat?​

Beta Blockers

Which of the following occurs somewhere within the heart's conduction system, such as the SA or AV node?​

Bradyarrhythmia

Embolic strokes often form in the heart due to _____________.​

Bradycardia

Stress, exercise, general health, previous cardiac events, even sleeping can all alter the heart rate. What type of heart rate does the ECG tracing in the figure below represent?

Bradycardia

Which of the following are very thin and fragile blood vessels?​

Capillaries

With heart failure, the heart will become enlarged, a condition known as_____________.​

Cardiomegaly

Without intervention, what disease can lead to end stage renal disease and kidney dysfunction?​

Diabetes

What is measured with calipers?​

Duration

Six patient vital statistics typically called "vital signs" are used with patients prior to having a(n) _________.​

ECG

The ECG tracing in the figure below represents what type of artifact?​

Electrical interference

Which of the following is referred to as irritability of the cardiac cells because the cells are responding to stimulus?​

Excitability

A heart in ____________ can become deadly with the loss of blood circulation and pulse.​

Fibrillation mode

Which of the following causes microvascular damage in nerves throughout the body and in the nephrons of the kidneys?​

Glycation

Which of the following is calculated by using the horizontal axis on an ECG strip?​

Heart Rate

What is the R-R interval used to measure?​

Heartbeat rate and regularity

Patients with blood pressure problems usually have high blood pressure, which is known as

Hypertension

____________ is defined as a decrease in oxygenated blood flow to the heart muscle.​

Ischemia

When there is no electrical activity occurring within the heart, the ECG strip will show as a solid flat line called the ____________.​

Isoelectric line

When using the SAMPLE assessment mnemonic, under which category would you record eating or diet habits, daily routines, social circle, and life stressors?​

Last Oral Intake

What type of diuretics is often used in emergencies when a person has evidence of fluid overload?​

Loop

____________ refers to the structural appearance such as the size and configuration of a wave or

Morphology

____________ refers to the structural appearance such as the size and configuration of a wave or waveform.​

Morphology

Smooth muscle cells are found in blood vessels and provide which of the following functions?​

Moving and controlling fluids through the blood vessels.

The middle layer of the heart wall is composed of what type of tissue?​

Myocardium

Which of the following cardiac medications would be given if the indication is an acute coronary syndrome?​

Nitroglycerin

When the sinoatrial node begins the electrical impulse, which of the following waves is created on the grid as both the right and left atria are depolarized?​

P wave

The process of creating an electrical impulse can only occur in what type of cells?​

Pacemaker cells

Which of the following is the study of how the body metabolizes a drug and how the body distributes or excretes drugs?​

Pharmokinetics

Which of the following keeps the heart beating by circulating blood systemically?​

Potassium

What device is typically a portable battery operated device that is put on a patients' finger and used to measure arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate?​

Pulse Oximeter

Which of the following intervals represents the entire ventricular depolarization and repolarization cycle?​

QT Interval

Which of the following intervals represents the entire ventricular depolarization and repolarization cycle?​

QT interval

Which of the following waves peaks at the end of ventricular diastole and the start of systole?​

R wave

Repolarization is synonymous with ___________.​

Resting and recovery

What assessment method encourages the patient to actively provide answers and to provide additional information that may be relevant?​

SAMPLE

What segment represents a conduction delay "time period" between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization?​

ST Segment

What segment represents a conduction delay "time period" between ventricular depolarization and ventricular repolarization?​

ST segment

What does the "S" stand for in the OPQRST mnemonic acronym for pain?​

Severity

What is the largest cause of natural deaths in the United States? ​

Sudden cardiac arrest

What is it called when a person becomes lightheaded or even faints and the heart is beating too slowly?​

Syncope

High blood potassium, called hyperkalemia, can cause which of the following?​

Tachycardia

What is the function of the AV node?​

To accept and slow the electrical impulse from the SA node

What is the purpose of the bundle of His?​

To act as a passageway between the upper and lower chambers of the heart

What is the purpose of hemoglobin?​

To carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body

What is the diaphragm's main purpose?​

To control breathing

What is the purpose of the heart septa wall?​

To prevent blood from mixing

What is the function of the parathyroid gland?​

To regulate calcium levels throughout the body

​When the blood clot reduces blood flow in the brain, it is called a ___________________.

Transient Ischemic Attack

Which of the following waves sometimes appears as a result of certain antiarrhythmic drug effects, drug toxicity, or electrolyte imbalances?​

U wave

Which of the following decreases blood flow and heart rate?​

Vasoconstriction

Which drug can be prescribed for people who have a normal blood pressure but suffer from acute heart failure and cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors?​

Vasodialaters

What drugs are prescribed to treat angina, or chest pain, caused by blocked or constricted arteries and veins of the heart?​

Vasodilators

Which of the following is the absence of any ventricular activity, no depolarization, no pulse, no blood is flowing through the heart, no cardiac output?​

Ventricular asystole

Which of the following movement errors does the ECG tracing below show?​

Wandering Baseline

Which of the following would be a primary source of potassium?​

White beans

What do intercalated discs allow? ​

allow the cardiac muscle to create synchronized contractions

When the heart rhythm or heart rate is consistently or predictably irregular or abnormal, or absent, it is known as a(n)__________.​

arrythmia

Within the four heart chambers, the _________ is/are upper or superior right and left chambers.​

atria

When the sinoatrial (SA) node is not working correctly, the heart has a backup pacemaker called the

atrioventricular (AV) node

Left untreated, some atrial arrhythmias can cause _________ to form in the heart.​

blood clots

Cardio myocytes consist of cardiac working cells responsible for ___________.​

cardiac contractions

When all four heart valves are operating correctly, the valves should open and close completely once each ______________.​

cardiac cycle

What system sets the proper heart rate based on the body's demand for oxygen?​

conduction

Excessive perspiration is usually not normal and is called

diaphoresis

​The ventricular relaxation phase is also called ventricular ____________.

diastole

When the heartbeat originates outside of the SA node, it is called a(n)__________.​

ectopic beat

The process of creating a(n)____________can only occur in the pacemaker cells that are found in specific regions of the heart

electrical impulse

Increased heart rate occurs when the sympathetic nerve fibers release ___________.​

epinephrine

A heart in ____________ can become deadly with the loss of blood circulation and pulse.​

fibrillation mode

A waveform that appears to _________ is one that appears abnormally rapid and sometimes erratic.​

flutter

In any artifact, the indication of wavelength errors is not created by the ____________.​

heart

The measurement of a wave starts when the wave departs the____________.​

isoelectric line

When there is no electrical activity occurring within the heart, the ECG strip will show as a solid flat line called the ____________.​

isoelectric line

What is returned to the heart via several major veins?​

metabolic waste

Within the heart, what type of muscles hold the tricuspid and mitral valves in place along the ventricle walls?​

papillary

What HIPAA standard includes anything about the patients' existence in the health care setting?​

privacy

What artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle?​

pulmonary

Which of the following represents the blood flow between the heart and the lungs?

pulmonary circulation

What type of heart rhythm deviates from a normal rhythm on a regular basis and usually occurs as a patterned event?​

regularly irregular rhythm

A(n) ___________ on the ECG strip is a "time period" with no electrical activity occurring between waves, and if normal, looks like a flat line.​

segment

The more blood that can fill the ventricles in one atrial contraction equates to a higher ______________.​

stroke volume

Which of the following shows up on an ECG tracing as a curved or spiked line either above or below the isoelectric line?​

wave

When completely an electronic transfer of information, you will need to obtain the patient's __________ before transferring any information.​

written approval

Which of the following occurs during a normal PR segment?​

​Atrial depolarization

When medication no longer controls tachycardia, which of the following may be implanted into the patient to control these life-threatening arrhythmias?​

​Implantable cardioverter defibrillator