Pearson Questions - Cardiovascular System: Heart
HCN channels
-What kind of ion channels are unique to pacemaker cells? Potassium ion channels -Voltage-gated sodium ion channels -HCN channels -Calcium ion channels
P-R interval
A damaged atrioventricular (AV) bundle or AV node will primarily affect the length of the __________. -T wave -Q-T interval -P-R interval -P wave
pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood is delivered to the left atrium through the ____________. -aorta -pulmonary veins -pulmonary trunk -pulmonary arteries
atria
The P wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of cells in the __________. -atrioventricular (AV) node -atria -sinoatrial (SA) node -ventricles
bicuspid valve
The mitral valve is the clinical name for the ______________. -aortic valve -pulmonary valve -tricuspid valve -bicuspid valve
deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit
The right side of the heart receives ________. -deoxygenated blood from the systemic circuit -oxygenated blood from the systemic circuit -deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit -oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit
epicardium
The visceral pericardium is the same as the ________. -endocardium -myocardium -epicardium -fibrous pericardium
The ventricular cells are undergoing action potentials.
What activity is occurring in the heart during the Q-T interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG)? -The atrial cells are depolarizing. -The ventricular cells are repolarizing. -The ventricular cells are undergoing action potentials. -The atrial cells are repolarizing.
Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium
What are the three layers of the heart wall from superficial to deep? -Myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium -Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium -Epicardium, endocardium, and pericardium -Pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium
Cardiac tamponade
What condition results from excess fluid in the pericardial cavity compressing the heart and reducing the capacity of the ventricles to fill with blood? -Cardiac tamponade -Myocardial ischemia -Myocardial infarction -Bradycardia
Rapid depolarization phase
What is initiated by a rapid influx of sodium ions into contractile cells creating a positive membrane potential inside the cell? -Rapid depolarization phase -Plateau phase -Repolarization phase -Initial repolarization phase
Blood would leak back into the atria from the ventricles.
What might happen if the papillary muscles and/or chordae tendineae stopped functioning? -Blood would leak back into the atria from the ventricles. -Blood would leak into the pulmonary trunk. -Blood would be blocked from entering the atria from the great veins. -Blood would leak back into the atria from the semilunar valves.
QRS complex
What obscures atrial repolarization on an electrocardiogram (ECG)? -T wave -P wave -QRS complex -S-T segment
Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
What valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? -Left atrioventricular valve (mitral or bicuspid valve) -Right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve) -Aortic valve -Pulmonary valve
Aorta
Where does the left ventricle send blood? -Aorta -Superior vena cava -Pulmonary veins
Circumflex artery
Which coronary artery supplies the left atrium and parts of the left ventricle? -Anterior interventricular artery -Circumflex artery -Marginal artery -Posterior interventricular artery
Great cardiac
Which of the following blood vessels are associated with the coronary sinus? -Great cardiac -Posterior interventricular -Circumflex -Marginal
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following blood vessels is not a great blood vessel of the heart? -Pulmonary arteries -Superior vena cava -Pulmonary veins -Pulmonary trunk
Ventricular fibrillation
Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is immediately life-threatening and manifests on the electrocardiogram (ECG) with chaotic activity? -Heart block -Ventricular fibrillation -Atrial fibrillation -Tachycardia
Calcium ion channels
Which of the following ion channels are time-gated closing channels? -Potassium ion channels -Calcium ion channels -Voltage-gated sodium ion channels -Chloride ion channels
Low blood pressure
Which of the following is not a risk factor for coronary artery disease or myocardial ischemia? -Low blood pressure -Older than age 50 for females -Male gender -Smoking
They provide alternate routes of blood flow when a vessel is blocked.
Which of the following statements best describes how coronary artery anastomoses might help a patient with coronary artery disease? -They increase the volume of blood that enters the right atrium. -They provide alternate routes of blood flow when a vessel is blocked. -They prevent atrioventricular (AV) valve cusps from everting. -They allow the lungs to pick up more oxygen in the pulmonary circuit.
It is longer than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle
Which of the following statements describes the total refractory period of cardiac muscle? -It is longer than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle. -It is longer than the contraction of cardiac muscle. -It is about the same as the total refractory period for skeletal muscle. -It is shorter than the total refractory period for skeletal muscle.
Intercalated discs
Which of the following structural components is only found in cardiac muscles? -Striations -Transverse tubules -Sarcoplasmic reticulum -Intercalated discs
Pulmonary vein
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? -Pulmonary artery -Pulmonary vein -Pulmonary trunk -Superior vena cava
Pulmonary trunk
Which vessel is guarded by a semilunar valve at its base? -Coronary sinus -Pulmonary vein -Pulmonary trunk -Superior vena cava
