Pediatric Ch. 13

What should the registered nurse include when teaching a group of student nurses about the vocabulary skills of preschool children?

"A 5-year-old child knows the days of the week and the months of the year."

Parents tell the nurse that they are worried, because their child constantly touches the genitalia in front of others. Which of the nurse's statements pertaining to this behavior is appropriate? Select all that apply.

"It can occur in any age group." "It is unhealthy if it is excessive." It is a normal behavior

The registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about aggression among preschool-age children. Which statement made by a student nurse indicates a need for further teaching?

"Reinforcement occurs when a child imitates physically abusive parental behaviors."

The parents of a 5-year-old child are worried, because the child stutters when speaking. On examination the nurse finds that the child has no problem with hearing. What should the nurse tell the parents?

"Stuttering is common at this age and usually resolves during late childhood."

The nurse is educating parents about nutrition in preschoolers. Which statement by a parent indicates that teaching has been effective?

"We will include 13 to 19 g/day of protein in our child's diet."

What is the earliest age by which children are aware of their gender?

18 months

By what age would the nurse expect most children to use sentences of four or five words?

4 1/2 years

The nurse is assessing a child and finds that the child's permanent teeth have started erupting. The child is able to balance on alternating feet with the eyes closed and is able to follow commands in succession. What is the approximate developmental age of the child?

5 years

What is the normal age by which children can skip on alternating feet, jump rope, and swim?

5 years

What is the term used to describe the attribution of lifelike qualities in to inanimate objects?

Animism

The nurse is teaching a group of parents about nutrition, its significance in promoting growth and development, and avoiding obesity in childhood. What does the nurse include in the education plan? Select all that apply.

Average range of caloric intake is 1000mg to 1800 calories per day. The fluid intake should be 100 ml per kilogram of body weight per day. Daily calorie intake should not exceed 90 kcal per kilogram of body weight.

The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old child and finds that the child has not attained age-appropriate fine motor skills. Which activity shows age-appropriate activity for a 3-year-old?

Building a tower with 10 cubes

According to Erikson, a major task for preschoolers is the development of which?

Conscience

What is the major task of learning right from wrong that develops towards the end of the toddler years?

Conscience or superego

What fine motor skills can the 3-year-old perform?

Copying a circle Building a tower of nine cubes Building a bridge with three cubes

A mother tells the nurse that her daughter's favorite toy is a large empty box that contained a stove. She plays "house" in it with her toddler brother. The nurse, drawing on knowledge of growth and development, recognizes what information from this activity?

Creative play that should be encouraged

What is normal language growth and development for a 5-year-old child?

Describes drawings with a lot of detail

Which games are helpful in improving self-expression in preschoolers? Select all that apply.

Dramatic play Imitative play Imaginative play

The nurse observes that parents pressure the child to speak words that produce sounds beyond the child's development level. Which consequences of this parental action does the nurse warn the parents about? Select all that apply.

Dyslalia Infantile speech

During assessment the nurse finds that a child has poor muscle coordination. Which instruction does the nurse provide the parents to help develop muscle coordination in the child?

Encourage the child to swim.

What nursing intervention can help preschool-age children reduce sleep problems?

Encouraging the child to bathe everyday before bedtime

A preschooler asks the parent "Where did I come from?" How should the parent ideally react to the child's question?

Explain the origin of birth.

A nurse is presenting a class on injury prevention to parents of preschoolers. Which injuries should the nurse identify as occurring in this age group? Select all that apply.

Falls Drowning Poisoning Tricycle and bicycle accidents

What has the preschooler's body image developed to include?

Fear of intrusive procedures

The parent asks the nurse for guidance on how to discuss sex with her preschooler. What is the best response by the nurse?

Find out what your child knows and thinks about sex before answering any questions.

The nurse is interviewing the parent of a 3-year-old-child to determine growth and development. The parent tells the nurse, "My child can ride a tricycle well." Which skill set does the child demonstrate by performing this action?

Gross motor skills

The parents of a 42-year-old girl are worried because she has an imaginary playmate. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse, drawing on knowledge of the preschooler?

Having imaginary playmates is normal and useful in children of this age.

A 4-year-old child is playing while the parent is watching television. After some time the child comes to the parent and says, "Dad! Anna broke the glass." There was nobody else in the house at that time. What should be the most appropriate response of the father?

I see only you here, so you are responsible for that

What type of play is the most characteristic of preschoolers?

Imaginative

The nurse is giving anticipatory guidance to the parent of a 5-year old child. What is the most appropriate teaching for the nurse to include?

Informing the parent that he or she can expect a more tranquil period at this age

According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial task of the preschool period is developing a sense of what?

Initiative

The nurse is educating parents about growth and development of preschoolers. What instructions does the nurse give the parents to help them make preschoolers feel comfortable with their body image? Select all that apply.

Instill positive principles regarding body image. Emphasize the importance of accepting other individuals. Give the children encouraging feedback regarding their appearance.

What should the registered nurse include when teaching a group of parents about appropriate sex education for preschoolers?

It is appropriate to answer the child's questions about sex.

A school nurse observes that children demonstrate mutual play. What is the effect of mutual play in preschoolers?

It provides kinesthetic experiences for preschoolers.

For which emotions does the nurse assess during the naive instrumental orientation stage of development? Select all that apply.

Justice Fairness

The nurse is instructing a parent about appropriate quantities of vitamin D and calcium to be consumed for maintaining optimum health. Which of the nurse's statements pertaining to intake of vitamin D and calcium are appropriate? Select all that apply.

Milk and milk products should be included in the diet Low-fat or skim milk is an excellent source of calcium Fortified milk makes a very good source of vitamin D

What is the best approach for dealing with stress in preschoolers?

Monitor behaviors

During assessment the nurse finds that a child lacks fine motor coordination. Which games does the nurse suggest to help the child develop fine motor coordination? Select all that apply.

Painting Puzzles Flash cards

When preparing parents to teach their preschool child about human sexuality, what should the nurse emphasize?

Parents should determine exactly what the child wants to know before answering a question about sexuality.

The best approach for effective communication with a preschooler is through what?

Play

The nurse is educating working parents of a preschooler about daycare centers. Which statement by the parents indicates that they need additional teaching about day care centers?

Preschoolers who attend daycare centers are healthier than those who stay at home.

The nurse is preparing the diet plan for a 5-year-old child in the hospital. Which dietary requirement included in the plan promotes optimal health during the preschool years?

Protein intake of 17g/day

A 4 1/2-year-old boy has been having increasingly frequent angry outbursts in preschool for approximately 8 to 10 weeks. He is also aggressive toward the other children and teachers. His parents ask the nurse for advice. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Referring the child for counseling

During a well-child visit the father of a 4-year-old child tells the nurse that he is not certain that his child is ready for kindergarten. The child's birthday is close to the cutoff date, and the child has not attended preschool. What is the most appropriate recommendation by the nurse?

Referring the child for developmental screening and making a recommendation based on the results

Which activity can be easily performed by the preschooler?

Riding a tricycle

The parents report to the nurse that their preschooler watches television for about 9 hours a day. What will the nurse instruct the parents?

Set limits for television viewing.

During assessment, the nurse observes that the preschooler has daytime tiredness, negative behavior, hyperactivity, difficulty in concentrating, impaired learning ability, and poor control of emotions and impulses. What could be the cause of these findings?

Sleep disturbance

By what is sexual development during preschool years formed?

Strong attachment to the opposite-sex parent and identification with the same-sex parent

The parents report to the nurse that their child avoids going out of the house due to fear of dogs. What advice should the nurse provide the parents to help them reduce their preschooler's fear?

Suggest the preschooler observe other preschool children playing with dogs

What should the nurse teach the parents about answering their preschooler's sensitive questions about sex?

That parents should determine exactly what the child knows and wants to know before answering the question

The parents tell a nurse that they prefer giving an all-fruit diet to their child to improve the health status. They have been practicing this for about 6 months. What problems can.the nurse anticipate due to this practice in the child?

The patient may have dental caries.

Which is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children?

The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity.

What purpose can imaginary playmates serve in the lives of preschoolers?

They serve as friends in times of loneliness.

Parents tell the nurse that they are concerned about their 4-year-old child's fear of the dark. How should the nurse teach the parent to respond to normal preschool fears?

To actively involve the child in finding practical methods to deal with the frightening experience

Which action by the parents of a preschool child provides effective dental health to the child?

Trying to preserve the space previously occupied by an avulsed tooth

With regard to imaginary playmates, which children have a higher tendency to impersonate characters?

Young boys

When the parent tells the preschooler to put on shoes, the preschooler wears the left shoe on the right foot and the right shoe on the left foot. What does this action indicate?

The child is normal.

A school nurse observes that a 4-year-old child is hitting another child. The child find hitting enjoyable. What is the reason behind this?

The child is not punished

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child. Which behavior in the child indicates that the child has attained socialization capabilities?

The child takes pride in his or her many accomplishments

The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child. What age-appropriate language skills should the nurse expect in this child? Select all that apply.

The child at this age has vocabulary of 1500 words The child uses complete sentences of 3 to 4 words

The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of a 5-year-old child. The nurse finds that the child's gross motor development is delayed and is similar to that of a 4-year-old child. Which activities of the child lead the nurse to conclude this? Select all that apply.

The child is able to throw a ball overhead. The child stands on one foot for a few seconds

A mother tells the nurse that she is concerned because her 3-year-old son has recently started talking about an imaginary friend named Gus. What is the best information for the nurse to use to address the mother's concern?

The appearance of imaginary companions is common among 3-year-olds.