Pediatric Nursing Final Study Guide
A 3-year-old child presents to the pediatric clinic for a routine examination. The nurse is attempting to perform an assessment. The nurse is aware that the child's attention span is approximately ____________________ minutes.
3
Generally, a child will grow ____________________ inches in height per year.
3
The incidence of mental retardation in the school-aged population is ____________________% in school-aged children.
3
A parent is requesting information on the use of a time-out for her 4-year-old. The nurse recommends that the parent allow the child to remain in the unstimulating, safe environment for ____________________ minutes.
4
When providing pharmacologic interventions for children, it is important for the nurse to consider which of the following differences between adults and children? Select all that apply. a. anatomical c. psychological b. physiological d. cognitive
A B C D
A 6-month-old infant presents to the clinic for routine immunizations. Prior to this visit, the infant has remained up-to-date with immunizations. The nurse anticipates the infant will need which of the following immunizations recommended at 6 months? Select all that apply. a. diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) b. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) c. measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) d. pneumococcal
A B D
Which of the following roles for the pediatric nurse are considered advanced practice? Select all that apply. a. pediatric nurse practitioner b. clinical nurse specialist c. clinical care coordinator d. case manager
A B D
A child is said to be a "long-term survivor" then he has been off cancer therapy for a minimum of two years and is in remission for ____________________ years.
5
Generally, children will gain an average of ____________________ pounds per year.
5
A pediatric client is to receive furosemide (Lasix) 2 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) every 6 hours. The client's weight is 55 pounds. The nurse administers ____________________ mg of Lasix every 6 hours.
50
The father of a newborn has sickle cell anemia and the mother of a newborn is a carrier for sickle cell disease. There is a ____________________% chance that the child conceived will have the disease.
50
After the nurse has identified the infant's caloric needs for the day, the nurse is concerned about how much fluid the same infant will need for the day. The infant will require ____________________ to 810 milliliters (mL) of fluid per day.
540
A pediatric nurse is monitoring the urinary output of a toddler. The toddler weighs 15 pounds. The nurse is aware that the toddler's urinary output should equal or exceed ____________________ milliliters (mL) per hour.
6.8 or 7.0 (ask professor what she prefers)
A parent asks the nurse for advice in letting her child pursue an interest in sports. The parent asks which sports are the most dangerous. The nurse will advise this parent that most injuries in organized sports occur in which of the following sports? a. ice hockey, wrestling, and football b. swimming, horseshoes, and hiking c. karate, gymnastics, and dance d. tennis, handball, and racquetball
A
Adolescents with terminal illnesses usually acknowledge the terminal nature of the illness and: a. plan optimistically for the future b. begin a chronic stage of denial c. worry about who will get their favorite belongings d. go into a state of depression for a period of time
A
After a child begins treatment for precocious puberty, the child's growth will be monitored every 3 to 4 months. The areas monitored and evaluated will most likely include serum hormone levels and which one of the following areas? a. bone age c. cardiac enzymes b. mammography d. blood sugar
A
An expectant mother is found to have syphilis. Which of the following courses of treatment do you most expect to see ordered? a. penicillin G benzathine IM two doses, 1 week apart b. tetracycline four times a day for 2 weeks c. erythromycin twice a day for 14 days d. a single dose of procaine penicillin G IM daily for 10 days
A
Following congenital heart surgery, the nurse who is preparing caregivers for their child's discharge will begin teaching at which of the following time periods? a. in the early postoperative period b. 3 days before discharge c. 24 hours before discharge d. day of discharge
A
If a nurse fails to report suspected child abuse and a child later receives additional injuries at the hands of the suspected abuser, the nurse may face legal consequences in states with child abuse reporting laws. Which of the following consequences may be the harshest faced by the nurse? a. to be held liable for civil damages to compensate the child and to be fined and imprisoned b. to have the nursing license suspended for up to a year c. to be assigned at least 1 year of community service d. to be put on probation and have to meet periodically with the assigned probation officer
A
In working with the breastfeeding mother of an infant with a cleft lip or cleft palate, the nurse will teach the mother to do which of the following before having the infant latch on? a. Place a warm washcloth on the breast. b. Place ice packs on the breast. c. Pump part of the milk from the breast. d. Give a little water from a bottle first.
A
Parents with sickle cell anemia in their families ask the nurse to tell them which test for sickle cell anemia can be done the earliest in the prenatal period. The nurse will respond that prenatal diagnosis for sickle cell anemia can be conducted as early as 8 to 10 weeks with which of the following tests? a. chorionic villi sampling b. amnionic fluid analysis c. sickle cell solubility tests d. hemoglobin electrophoresis
A
The caregivers ask the nurse how to deal with questions of sexuality. Which of the following suggestions would the nurse most likely stress? a. Give as detailed an explanation as you can about the subject. b. Before explaining anything, find out what the child really wants to know. c. Tell the child before he or she finds out from the television or movies. d. Talk to your child with one of his or her friends present.
A
The consequences of discipline must have the following qualities: a. effective, constructive, and not unduly harsh b. sufficiently harsh to prevent reoccurrence of the offending behavior c. not harsh enough to cause the parents to get into trouble with the law d. not harsh enough to produce guilt in the one to give out the consequences
A
The diagnostic criteria for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) include: a. onset before age 16 b. duration of at least 2 weeks c. loss of feeling or motion d. subnormal temperature
A
The major components of the communication process are: a. message, sender, channel, receiver, and feedback b. facial expression, tone of voice, and gestures c. verbal, written, and nonverbal d. speaker, listener, and reply
A
The most rapid growth period in a person's life is during which of the following periods? a. infancy c. latency b. early childhood d. adolescence
A
The nurse assessing a child who is undergoing chemotherapy finds the child to be suffering from mucositis. Which of the following interventions would be most helpful? a. good oral care to clean the oral cavity of food particles and debris b. sips of ice and lubricating oil to the lips c. a room humidifier with a eucalyptus oil added to the water d. six to eight glasses of water every day
A
The nurse assessing an infant finds the following signs and symptoms: sun setting eyes with sclera seen above the iris, a high-pitched cry, a bulging fontanel, dilated scalp veins, slight alteration in consciousness, and vomiting. The nurse is aware that these signs and symptoms are most consistent with: a. increased intracranial pressure b. spinal cord trauma c. encephalitis caused by a virus d. severe hypoxia
A
The nurse assessing an older infant or child will suspect Hirschsprung's disease then the child has a history of which of the following symptoms? a. chronic constipation c. chronic vomiting b. blood in the stools d. clay-colored stools
A
The nurse is assessing a child with croup. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse associate with croup and most expect to find? a. bark-like cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor b. expiratory stridor, irregular breathing, and weak cough c. Cheyne-Stokes respirations and substernal retraction d. almost continual cough and complete laryngitis
A
The nurse is caring for a premature infant who is receiving an infusion of a substance in an attempt to close a patent ductus arteriosus. The nurse will explain to the mother that this substance is: a. indomethacin, which inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin, the substance that maintains the patency of the ductus arteriosus b. a hypertonic saline solution that will draw the ductus into closure c. a cardiac stimulant, which increases the firing in the Purkinje fibers, thus causing a greater force for closing the ductus arteriosus d. an estrogen product, which will build up the tissue in the ductus arteriosus and cause an eventual closure
A
The nurse is giving instructions to the family of a child who has a venous access device (VAD). This child's VAD is an external catheter. Which of the following instructions will the nurse give to the family? a. Do not force-flush the catheter at any time, and call if any problems with flushing occur. b. The catheter needs no special dressings or coverings. c. The child is to avoid swimming and tub baths during the entire time the vascular access device is in place. d. Trauma to the device is highly likely, and the child must be extremely careful in any activities.
A
The nurse is teaching a child and his family about medications for the child, who is getting dialysis. The nurse will teach the family which of the following? a. If urine output diminishes, call the health care provider prior to giving the medication. b. Give all medication with at least 8 ounces of water, and maintain water intake at 8 to 10 glasses per day. c. Give all medication ordered to be given daily about 30 minutes prior to the dialysis treatment. d. Any medication given during dialysis should be given with a glass of juice unless juice is contraindicated with that medication.
A
The nurse is working with a child who is immunosuppressed. The parents call to tell the nurse that the child has been exposed to varicella. Which of the following courses of action will the nurse suggest? a. Call the pediatrician, and get the child prompt treatment with a varicella immune globulin within 72 hours of exposure. b. Isolate the child, and get an order for an immunization for varicella if the child has not received the immunization. c. Take the child to the emergency room there the doctor will begin intravenous (IV) antibiotics. d. Take the child to the doctor's office to be seen by the nurse practitioner or the pediatrician.
A
The nurse places a unique cartoon character on the outside and inside of a child's door. The hospital has a picture of a different animal fro each floor of the hospital and these pictures are posted in the elevators. Each section of the pediatric unit has a different theme and walls of a different color. These actions on the part of the nurse and the hospital are designed to: A. reduce anxiety and help children and others feel secure that they will not get lose and that they have a place of their own B. remind everyone that this is a pediatric unit for children who have special needs and is not a unit for adults C. cheer the children up and help them laugh to reduce tension in their lives D. help establish a personality for the hospital. the floors. the unit. and the room of the child who is hospitalized
A
The parents are interviewing people who have applied to their advertisement for a caregiver for their 6-week-old baby in preparation for the mother's return to work. In addition to asking about the applicant's experience, which of the following questions by the parents would most help them assess an applicant's ability to provide a trusting environment? a. "If the baby is fussy, what will you do?" b. "How many children have you cared for at a time?" c. "What is your training in child care?" d. "What was your childhood like?"
A
The pediatric nurse in the hospital finds one of her clients crying because "Daddy just left." Which of the following actions by the nurse would most help the child to feel more secure? a. holding the child, talking about then Dad will return, and looking at Dad's picture b. looking at the clock, talking about the amount of time before Dad returns, and drawing a clock with that time c. distracting the child by playing a game that requires a lot of concentration d. giving the child a cuddly blanket and a cuddly stuffed animal to hold until Dad returns
A
The processes of immunity are classified in which of the following ways? a. innate or acquired c. class A and class B b. rapid and long-term d. grade I and grade II
A
The school nurse encourages the parents of a student who has a severe sore throat to take the child to the pediatrician. The nurse is especially concerned about the possibility of streptococcal tonsillitis mainly because of which of the following? a. If streptococcal tonsillitis is not treated adequately it may lead to scarlet fever, otitis media, or more serious complications. b. The student may miss a lot of school, risking falling behind in schoolwork and homework assignments, which would negatively impact self-esteem. c. Other children may also get sore throats if this student is not aggressively treated. d. If untreated, streptococcal tonsillitis may cause anemia, weight loss, and lethargy.
A
The school nurse is working with a child who has a crisis-oriented family, which is in crisis mode at the present time. Which of the following methods would be most productive for the nurse to use in helping this child release tension? a. play c. singing b. talk d. back rub
A
The school nurse's role in communicable disease control is influenced by three factors necessary for the spread of communicable diseases. These three factors are: a. transmission, susceptibility, and favorable environment b. virility of the organism, life span of the organism, and resistance of the organism c. climate, temperature, and wind or water factors d. availability of a vaccine, methods to inoculate, and population
A
To look into the ear of a child younger than 3 years old, the nurse would position the ear by pulling the auricle: a. down and out c. in and forward b. back and up d. in and backward
A
When a claim of malpractice is made, the nurse being accused is referred to in legal terms as the: a. defendant c. accused b. plaintiff d. client
A
When the nurse assesses a newborn that has transposition of the great arteries (TGA), the nurse will most likely find which of the following signs or symptoms? a. normal size and weight and healthy appearance except for acute cyanosis that will not respond to oxygen b. low birth weight, small-size infant with a weak cry, and lethargic appearance c. ruddy skin appearance of face and extremities d. pallor, low blood pressure, and weak rapid pulse rate
A
When the nurse realizes that a child is in sequestration crisis, the nurse will assess for and most likely need to initiate interventions for: a. shock c. breathing difficulty b. bleeding d. cardiac arrest
A
When there are pH changes caused by respiratory problems or a buildup of metabolic acids, compensation will take place by what method? a. the kidneys controlling hydrogen ion and bicarbonate levels in the blood b. the baroreceptors in the aortic arch of the heart regulating electrolytes c. the hormone negative feedback system of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system d. regulation of hydrogen and bicarbonate by neurotransmitters in the limbic system
A
Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of pediatric chronic illness? a. asthma c. heart disease b. diabetes d. tuberculosis
A
Which of the following factors influence the absorption of orally administered medications? a. gastric emptying time and pH b. time of day administered c. condition of the kidneys d. iron content of the blood
A
Which of the following groups is most affected by systemic lupus erythematosus? a. females c. children under 5 b. Caucasians d. elderly over 65
A
Which of the following is most frequently the cause of precocious puberty in females? a. idiopathic b. central nervous system lesions c. trauma d. pituitary malfunction
A
Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the pediatric population? a. Grave's disease c. infection b. cancer d. Addison's disease
A
Which of the following outcomes is most important in the nursing care plan for a family engaging in physical abuse of the children? a. The child will remain safe with no evidence of physical abuse or neglect. b. The parents will demonstrate at least one nurturing behavior. c. The parents will discuss normal growth and development for the age of the child. d. The child will report all instances of threatened or actual abuse and neglect.
A
Which of the following problems most needs to be addressed at the same time as enuresis in order for the enuresis interventions to be successful? a. low self-esteem c. sleep pattern disturbance b. impaired skin integrity d. constipation
A
Which of the following side effects are seen as potential complications to growth hormone therapy given at physiologic replacement doses? a. slipped femoral epiphysis, pseudotumor cerebri, edema, and sodium retention b. immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to infections c. unexplained development of an autoimmune disease such as Addison's disease d. circulatory disorders such as cardiac arrhythmias, valve disease, or stroke
A
Which of the following substances is the most frequently used substance by adolescents? a. alcohol c. cocaine b. marijuana d. heroin
A
Which of the following therapies is the only specific therapy for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis? a. ribavirin (Virazole) c. an oxygen tent b. chest percussion d. antibiotics
A
While assessing a child the nurse finds hepatomegaly. The nurse is aware that this condition is most associated with which of the following? a. congestive heart failure b. congenital heart defects c. maternal alcoholism d. prematurity
A
While assessing a child, the nurse pinches up a small section of the child's skin between the thumb and forefinger, and then quickly releases it. The nurse is assessing for: a. hydration c. excess fat b. skin tension d. pain tracks
A
A nurse working in the health clinic is performing the initial history for an adopted Chinese child who has recently immigrated to the United States. The nurse anticipates exploring which of the following priority questions with the child's parents? Select all that apply. a. "Tell me about the child's immunization history." b. "Has the child been exposed to any known communicable illnesses?" c. "Has the child's health care experience been positive in the past?" d. "Tell me about genetic illnesses in your family."
A B
Male children are less susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following rationales provide(s) evidence to support this finding? Select all that apply. a. longer urethra b. secretions from the prostate c. testosterone providing active immunity to bacteria d. bacterial contamination being less common in males
A B
Many schools have established protocols on specific instances when children should be sent home. Which of the following symptoms would likely be included in this protocol? Select all that apply. a. a temperature of 38.1 degrees C (100.6 degrees F) b. a red, nonraised rash on the chest and legs c. an occasional dry cough d. history of asthma
A B
The ethical principle of autonomy is applied in which of the following situations? Select all that apply. a. allowing the child to select food items from the menu b. permitting the child to wash in the evening rather than in the morning because this is the child's typical routine c. playing with a child whose family has gone home for the evening d. calling the physician for pain medication for a child who has recently had surgery
A B
The recent dramatic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes has occurred mainly in which of the following groups? Select all that apply. a. overweight children b. culturally diverse populations c. males over age 25 d. females over age 25
A B
Which type of pain is transmitted by C-nerve fibers? Select all that apply. a. diffuse and dull b. burning and chronic c. pain that comes and goes unexpectedly d. unremitting and unbearable pain
A B
A nurse has instructed the parents of an infant to introduce solid foods one at a time, while carefully observing for signs of food allergies. Which of the following signs and symptoms may be suggestive of food allergies? Select all that apply. a. diarrhea b. abdominal pain c. congestion d. rashes
A B C D
A nurse is providing an educational series on the prevention of injuries. Which of the following interventions identified by the nurse are examples of key approaches in the prevention of injury? Select all that apply. a. helmet safety programs b. covering electrical outlets with safety covers c. legislation d. regulation
A B C D
A pediatric client has hearing and vision testing completed at school. Such assessments are examples of which of the following? Select all that apply. a. health protection b. disease prevention c. Healthy People 2010 objectives d. health promotion
A B C D
An infant presents to the emergency room for evaluation for vague symptoms of discomfort. The infant's parent expresses concern that the infant has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following symptoms are indicative of a UTI in infants? select all that apply. a. vomiting c. irritability b. diarrhea d. loss of appetite
A B C D
Nurses have an integral role in preventing child abuse and family violence through which of the following interventions? Select all that apply. a. educating the public b. supporting mental health initiatives c. becoming involved in health policy d. supporting family health initiatives
A B C D
A nurse is asked to describe the concept of attachment between a young child and the caregiver to a group of families planning to adopt internationally. Which of the following statements made by the nurse describes the qualities involved in attachment of the parent and child? Select all that apply. a. being emotionally available b. allowing the child to grieve independently for the loss of his or her familiar surroundings c. offer protection and warmth to the child despite attachment challenges d. set firm parameters and allow the child to deal with disappointment
A C
A pediatric client has a presumed diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta. The nurse is aware that which of the following symptoms are considered to be the classic clinical presentation(s) for the diagnosis? Select all that apply. a. upper-extremity hypertension b. bounding upper-extremity pulses c. diminished lower-extremity pulses d. intermittent claudication
A C
A pregnant client informs the nurse that she has previously had an abortion. The client asks that her parents not be made aware of her past history. Which of the following ethical principles will be implemented by the health care team when maintaining the client's desired confidentiality? Select all that apply. a. autonomy c. fidelity b. justice d. nonmaleficence
A C
The most common causes of clubfoot include which of the following? Select all that apply. a. abnormal intrauterine position of the fetal foot b. maternal infection during the first trimester c. genetics d. lack of prenatal vitamins, especially in the first trimester
A C
When a child has hemophilia, which of the following conditions are present? Select all that apply. a. The child has either a missing or a deficient clotting factor. b. There is a deficiency in the production of platelets. c. The prothrombin time will be within normal limits. d. The child has an allergic reaction to his or her own body proteins.
A C
A nurse is educating the parents of a child who just received the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccination. The nurse informs the parents that which of the following common reactions are to be expected for the next 1 to 2 days? Select all that apply. a. irritability b. temperature of 38.9 degrees C (102 degrees F) or greater c. redness, tenderness, and swelling at the injection site d. mild loss of appetite
A C D
A nurse is performing the preprocedure assessment for a pediatric client planned for cardiac catheterization. Which of the following assessments would provide an essential baseline for comparison following the procedure? Select all that apply. a. pedal pulses c. pulse oximetry b. radial pulses d. vital signs
A C D
Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse anticipate finding in the child with fragile X syndrome? Select all that apply. a. large ears c. slim body weight b. rough, dry skin d. large testes
A C D
Hospitalized adolescents do best then which of the following conditions exist? Select all that apply. a. then other adolescents are present on the same unit b. in a room with another adolescent but on a ward of mixed adolescents and adults there they can view how adults respond to their hospitalizations c. mixed with younger children so they can be role models for the younger children d. then offered the opportunity to participate in the governance of their space
A D
Which of the following drugs might a nurse find in the doctor's orders for clients with mild hemophilia A? Select all that apply. a. desmopressin b. third-generation cephalosporin drug c. meperidine (Demerol) d. factor VIII concentrates
A D
Which of the following events is most often necessary to start the process of developing impetigo? Select all that apply. a. a scratch c. contact with a mite b. underlying skin disease d. an insect bite
A D
The nurse is providing education to the parent of a child who has received the polio immunization. The parent has asked how polio is transmitted. Which of the following responses made by the nurse would be accurate? Select all that apply. a. fecal-oral route b. respiratory c. through a bite from an infected tick d. discharge from eyes and skin lesions
A B
Freud theorized that methods used to toilet-train children might have a lasting effect on their personality. Children who had rigid, severe toilet training would most likely show which of the following behaviors later in life? a. narcissistic b. meticulous and hypercritical c. self-mutilating d. bullying to others and aggressive
B
How often should a hearing aid be changed for children less than 4 years of age? a. once a month c. once a year b. every 3 to 6 months d. every 2 years
B
In the majority of cases, pediatric clients are asked to give their consent or permission before receiving a procedure or treatment. This process is referred to as which of the following terms? a. inclusion c. consideration b. assent d. co-permission
B
A father asks the nurse why his toddler engages in fantasy and make-believe in play. The best answer by the nurse is: a. "Some children use fantasy to escape their stressful world, so the more stressful their life is, the more they fantasize." b. "Fantasy helps the toddler cope with caregiver expectations and helps the child conceptualize how he or she wishes the world to be." c. "Your child probably does not have enough playmates to keep busy in reality-based play." d. "Some children are just more imaginative and creative than others, and these children engage in fantasy play."
B
A mother tells you that her 4-year-old child has begun to have night waking and has started thumb sucking again. Otherwise the child seems very healthy. From this brief history, your immediate response is: a. "It is normal for preschool-aged children to go through some short periods of regression." b. "What changes have happened in your family or with your child?" c. "Is there any possibility of pinforms or some other type of parasite that your child might have?" d. "You need to call your pediatrician right away and get a complete physical on this child."
B
An infant of 4 months is hospitalized with a case of pertussis. The child is started on erythromycin orally for 14 days. The nursing staff will enforce observation of respiratory isolation for how long? a. until the child is no longer coughing b. 5 days after initiation of antibiotic treatment c. until the child is fever free for 1 week d. when the child has been on cough medicine 2 weeks
B
B. F. Skinner discovered that behavioral change becomes more lasting when consequences are: a. less than the rewards c. continuous b. provided intermittently d. not part of the plan of change
B
Based on a recommendation from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the nurse will advise the caregivers to do which of the following to help prevent sudden infant death syndrome? a. Have the baby sleep in a prone position. b. Have the baby sleep in a supine or side-lying position. c. Provide hourly checks while the baby is sleeping. d. Avoid the use of a pacifier at night.
B
For violence prevention teaching to be effective, the school needs to train and use as a role model(s): a. a small team of interested teachers b. all teachers, nurses, and other staff c. only the nurse d. the nurse and administrative staff
B
Freud theorized that during the phallic stage, a child's energy is focused on which of the following areas of the body? a. mouth c. anus b. genitals d. hands
B
Nurses caring for a pediatric client can most strengthen a child's sense of security by: a. providing a unit and hospital handbook of rules and posting the dos and don'ts on the walls there children can see them b. letting the children know then they will be leaving, who will be caring for them, and then they will be back, and saying good-bye then they leave c. giving the children enough toys, games, and stuffed animals to play with d. telling the children then meals will be and what the menu will be for each meal as well as then they will have nothing by mouth (NPO) and for how long
B
Public Law 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, requires which of the following for children with a disability? a. a special classroom there they don't have to interact with children who are not disabled b. education in the least restrictive environment that is appropriate for the child c. specific teachers who are familiar with the disease process d. training of the caregivers, or a caretaker designated by the caregivers, in homeschooling the child
B
The National Pediculosis Association (2004) recommends that the nurse examining children's hair for lice and nits should: a. Wear gloves at all times, and change the gloves for each new examination. b. Use wooden tongue depressors, discarded after each examination, to examine the child's hair. c. Use ungloved hands, and wash the hands carefully with soap after the examination. d. Use a comb to part the hair, and do not touch the hair itself with anything other than the comb.
B
The bladder capacity of a 4-year-old child is how many ounces? a. 4 c. 8 b. 6 d. 10
B
The caregivers notice a swelling over the cranial bones of their newborn. The nurse examines the baby and tells the caregivers that this appears to be a cephalhematoma and will disappear with time. The nurse is reasonably certain this is a cephalhematoma and not some other abnormality because the: a. mother had a forceps delivery b. swelling does not cross suture lines c. color is the same as a cephalhematoma d. swelling is over a large area of the head
B
The final major component of the immune response, complement, accomplishes which of the following things? a. facilitates vasodilation and increased circulation b. amplifies immune response and facilitates phagocytosis c. boosts the production of hemoglobin and oxygen to cells d. carries white blood cells (WBCs) quickly into areas of infection
B
The health-orientation model of disability tends to be critical of: a. people who are disabled b. professionals making negative appraisals c. the family of the person who is disabled d. healthy persons who ignore people who are disabled
B
The leading cause of injury-related deaths in adolescents aged 14 to 19 is by: a. drowning b. motor vehicle occupant injuries c. suicide d. homicide
B
The mother asks the nurse when her baby will be able to hold his head up. The best response by the nurse is that the baby will be able to hold his head up at: a. 3 months b. 4 months and also use the forearms for support c. 6 months, if the baby is not overfed and overweight d. 7 months
B
The nuclear family consists of: a. husband and wife b. husband, wife, and their natural and adoptive children c. any couple regardless of gender, and children acquired by the couple d. any couple regardless of gender
B
The nurse assessing a child suspected of having school phobia is aware that which of the following contributes to caregivers' ineffectiveness in helping the child with school phobia or with refusing to return to school? a. wanting to discipline or disciplining the child b. ambivalent feelings by the caregiver c. lack of information about school phobia d. being busy with work and other involvements
B
The nurse assessing a child who has a urinary tract infection will suspect pyelonephritis rather than cystitis then the child exhibits which of the following symptoms? a. scant amounts of strong-smelling urine of a very dark orange or brown color b. fever greater than 38.3 degrees C (101 degrees F), chills, back pain, and appearing quite ill c. low-grade fever, urgency, hesitancy, burning on urination, and cloudy urine d. low specific gravity of urine, extreme thirst, and nausea and vomiting
B
The nurse is assessing a small infant and notices that when the child's head is moved to the right or left, the eyes follow and do not lag behind as they normally do in a small infant. The nurse would document this finding as: a. bilateral lag syndrome b. absence of doll's eye reflex c. absence of horizontal vibratory motion d. follow-through visual abnormality
B
The nurse is doing some teaching with the parents of a child with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) virus. The nurse will teach that 20%-40% of those with HSV-1 infections will have recurrent infections precipitated by: a. alcohol or caffeine b. sunlight, wind, injury, or stress c. contact with someone else with the virus d. exposure to allergens
B
The nurse is working with a child who is dehydrated. When the nurse weighs the child and compares the weight obtained with the child's weight prior to the illness, there has been an 8% weight loss. This weight loss means that this child's dehydration is: a. mild c. severe b. moderate d. life-threatening
B
The nurse is working with the family of a child with a chronic condition. The family seems to be overwhelmed with the care and in need of a periodic break from the care. The nurse is most likely to talk with the family about which of the following solutions to this problem? a. devising a rotation of family coverage b. scheduling respite care c. using friends to give the family a rest d. getting a babysitter
B
The nurse who is teaching parents about reducing risk factors for otitis media in children would mention which of the following as putting children most at risk for otitis media? a. household plants b. secondhand smoke c. overtiring the child d. exposure to a cool climate
B
Which of the following infants is at greatest rick of sudden infant death syndrome? A. male full-term, 7 months old B. female, full-term, 8 month old C. male twin, premature, 4 month old D. female, single birth, 4 month old
C
The nurse working with a child in the pediatric unit gets a lab report back on the child, which shows an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of slightly less than 500 per cubic millimeter. This ANC tells the nurse which of the following things? a. The neutrophil count is approaching normal and the child is on the way to recovery. b. Even normal body flora can put the child at risk for serious life-threatening bacterial infections. c. Vital signs need to be taken at least every two hours with all temperatures taken rectally. d. The child needs an iron-rich diet and needs to add more fresh fruits and vegetables to the diet.
B
The nurse working with children with severe burns who are in pain and anxious will best help the child by: a. touching the child even if this hurts b. holding the hands 2-5 inches from the client's body c. taking as much time as necessary When having to touch the child d. not touching the child and staying at least 2 feet away then possible
B
The school nurse is working with teenaged parents and their babies in a high school program designed to keep these parents in school and to teach them how to care for their children. The nurse teaches the mothers to change diapers on: a. a soft towel that can be washed as needed b. a washable surface that is disinfected after each use c. upholstered furniture that can be wiped off d. a changing station with a cushioned cover
B
What is the classic sign of impetigo, which is typically used to diagnose this condition? a. red rash on the trunk b. honey-colored crusts on the skin c. tracks under the skin d. scratch marks near insect bites
B
When the word causation is used in a lawsuit involving a client who received the wrong medication from a nurse and later died, it means that the plaintiff's lawyer must prove that: a. the nurse breached the standard of care b. the injury (death) of the client was the result of receiving the wrong medication c. the nurse intentionally tried to hurt the client d. other health care providers were not at fault and only the nurse was at fault
B
Which kind of pressure is a force within the capillary beds that tends to pull water into the capillaries? a. oncotic c. hydrostatic b. osmotic d. filtration
B
Which of the following approaches will work best then the nurse is communicating with an infant? a. Communicate through the caregivers. b. Allow the child time to warm up to the nurse. c. Respond only after the child cries for a little while. d. Use an adult voice just as you would for anyone.
B
Which of the following behaviors by an infant best exemplifies the beginning of reasoning? a. crying for food or attention b. moving any obstacles to find a hidden object c. saying bye-bye in response to others saying bye-bye d. blowing kisses or clapping the hands
B
Which of the following describes the exchange of information between families and professionals in family-centered care? a. Only medical information needs to be exchanged between professionals and the family when necessary. b. Complete and unbiased information must be exchanged between professionals and family in a supportive manner at all times. c. The family will decide what information they are comfortable with giving the professionals. d. Professionals will set the parameters for information in the first interview with the family and will contact the family for information as needed.
B
Which of the following is the basic impairment in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? a. inability to complete tasks due to distractibility and forgetting the task at hand b. too few inhibiting behaviors, causing problems in learning self-regulation behaviors c. hyperactivity and acting as if motor driven d. inattention to safety issues with resulting high-risk behavior
B
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? a. corticosteroids b. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) c. slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (SAARDs) d. hydrochloroquine
B
Which of the following positions does the nurse use for the child who has just returned to the room from a tonsillectomy? A. elevated head and legs B. on the abdomen or side C. on the back and flat D. on the back or sitting up
B
You are the nurse working with parents and their newborns on a postpartum unit there the newborns room with the mother. The parents of one of the babies learns that their newborn has mental retardation. You notice these parents going through the stage of denial and then demonstrating anxiety. You realize anxiety : A. must be reduced as soon as possible and you need to calm the family immediately B. serves a purpose in alerting the family that something is amiss and in generating needed energy to deal with the situation C. will keep the family from completing the stages of adjusting to the child having mental retardation D. is related to the loss of their dream of a perfect child and how other people will be disappointed in them
B
Which of the following is the most widely used form of treatment for enuresis? a. medication c. bed-wetting alarms b. surgery d. behavior modification
C
the nurse working with a child who had cellulitis anticipates doctor's orders for which of the following usual treatment regimens? A. whirlpool, meperidine or morphine sulfate and wet to dry dressing B. oral antibiotics, warm compresses, immobilizations, elevationg of the extremity and analgesics C. debridement of the wounds. antibiotic cream, dressing and an ace bandage D. incision and drainage with antibiotics placed in the wound. done as a minor surgical procedure in day surgery
B
Pain management in babies and children has been found in studies to do which of the following? Select all that apply. a. to be unnecessary b. to promote wound healing c. to decrease hospital stays d. to cause children to be predisposed to drug addiction
B C
When a child is found on physical examination to have an innocent murmur, the nurse will recommend to the caregivers that they do which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Do not mention this to others, because it often frightens people who do not understand. b. Tell other caregivers so that in an emergency those going to the emergency room with the child will know. c. Provide medical documentation about the innocent heart murmur to the school nurse, coaches, and administration. d. Say very little or nothing about the heart murmur because it only scares the child who will soon outgrow it anyway.
B C
A nurse is providing education to the parents of a school-aged child. The parents are asking the nurse about the potential illnesses or infections associated with allowing their child to attend a sleepover at a friend's house. Which of the following responses made by the nurse would accurately identify illnesses or infections associated with sharing bed linens? Select all that apply. a. scleroderma c. tinea corporis b. scabies d. tinea capitis
B C D
Which of the following intravenous fluids would be considered isotonic solutions? Select all that apply. a. dextrose 5% in 0.45% normal saline b. normal saline c. Ringer's lactate d. dextrose 5% in water
B C D
A mother expresses amazement that her school-aged son, who was somewhat slow to crawl and walk, is now riding a bicycle and in-line skating. The nurse would explain that the child is able to do these new activities well because of which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Taking longer to crawl and walk provides a much better balance and coordination system. b. Improved balance and coordination are part of the growth and development of this age. c. Children who are slower in developing initial skills seem to have more high-risk behaviors later. d. This child has developed the muscles needed for bicycling and in-line skating.
B D
A nurse is educating the parents of a 3-month-old infant as to what symptoms should prompt them to contact their health care provider. Which of the following clinical presentations should the nurse suggest be called to the attention of the health care provider? Select all that apply. a. temperature of 37.9 degrees C (100.2 degrees F) b. inconsolable crying c. increased activity and alertness d. vomiting
B D
Which of the following activities would be considered part of the engagement and active participation phase of home care nursing? Select all that apply. a. review of the client's previous records b. assessment of the safety of the general living environment c. evaluation of the caretaker's ability to assume responsibility for the child d. evaluation of electrical sources, including a backup electrical source if the client is ventilator-dependent
B D
Which of the following are appropriate goals in working with a child or adolescent with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa? Select all that apply. a. weight gain to within 5% of ideal body weight within 1 week's time frame b. weight gain to within 10% of ideal body weight at a gain of 1-2 pounds per week c. eat 100% of a 2,500-calorie diet each day d. eat a balanced diet with sufficient calories to allow weight gain
B D
Which of the following communication strategies should be implemented when interacting with a toddler? Select all that apply. a. refrain from relating time to familiar occurrences, such as after eating lunch b. position oneself at the child's eye level before speaking c. use rewards such as food for acknowledging good behavior d. avoid using literal terms
B D
Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse anticipate finding in the child with Down syndrome? Select all that apply. a. small space between the big and second toe b. a high arched palate c. a small tongue in a large mouth d. square hands with a simian line
B D
A parent asks the nurse to explain what causes encephalitis, because a child in the neighborhood has come down with it. Which of the following answers by the nurse would be most accurate? a. "It is caused by a specific type of fly often found in and near horse barns." b. "Mosquito bites are the usual cause and call for the neighborhood to request spraying and draining of stagnant water sources." c. "After the neonatal period it is usually caused by a virus, most commonly herpes type I, herpes simplex, but can be caused by other organisms." d. "Cat scratch fever has become one of the major causes of encephalitis, so be sure your child does not play with any of the neighborhood cats."
C
A thick, cheesy, protective deposit of sebum and shed epithelial cells on the surface of the skin is referred to as: a. sebum epithelium c. vernix caseosa b. epitheliosis d. the third skin
C
According to the social-interactional systemic perspective of child abuse and neglect, four factors place the family members at risk for abuse. These risk factors are the family itself, the caregiver, the child, and: a. chronic poverty b. genetics c. the presence of a family crisis d. the national emphasis on sex
C
At how many months of age does the infant have good head control and no head lag while sitting? a. 2 c. 4 b. 3 d. 6
C
At what age is binocularity established? a. birth c. 6 months b. 3 months d. 1 year
C
In fetal circulation, most blood will bypass the fetal lungs via the: a. inferior vena cava c. foramen ovale b. ductus venosus d. ductus arteriosus
C
Informal communication takes place then individuals talk and is best described by saying the participants: a. are relaxed b. are involved in a preexisting informal relationship c. have no particular agenda or protocol d. talk with slang words
C
Parents of a child who is mentally retarded ask the nurse in the pediatrician's office to help them make a judgment about placement. They ask the nurse what he would do if he were in their place. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? a. List all the reasons for and against placement based on the parents' own assessment of the child. b. Tell the parents what you would do if the child were yours and give your rationale. c. Provide information about all options: placement, day care, special schools, home care, and respite care options. d. Refer the parents to the physician and the social worker.
C
The adult abuser who receives a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a. is the victim of unnecessary medical treatment at the hands of another adult b. was the victim of unnecessary treatment in the past and now carries this pattern on c. uses this disease to escape from poor self-esteem, marital, physical, or mental problems d. is an uncaring and cunning individual who has psychological problems similar to antisocial behavior
C
The chemical mediators or messages communicating throughout the immune processes are: a. interferon b. helper T cells or T lymphocytes c. cytokines or interleukin d. B lymphocytes
C
The difference between the intracellular and the extracellular level of potassium determines the: a. pulse pressure of an individual b. viscosity of the blood c. excitability of neurons and muscles d. amount of edema a person has
C
The mother of a 2-1/2-year old child who has had tonsillitis asks about the possibility of a tonsillectomy for the child. The nurse informs the mother that tonsillectomies are usually performed when the child is over 3 years old. The mother wants to know why children younger than 3 have to wait for a tonsillectomy. Which of the following is the nurse's best answer? a. "Surgery is too difficult on a younger child, because their mouths are so small, making it difficult to get to the tonsils." b. "It is too scary for younger children, and they don't understand what is happening." c. "Younger children are more prone to excessive blood loss and the tonsils growing back." d. "Separation from the parents or caregivers is much more difficult in the child under 3."
C
The need for comprehensive home care programs for children was largely created by: a. caregivers demanding that children be cared for at home whenever possible b. health care practitioners and nurses who felt the hospital was likely to create more infections than the home c. managed care supporting early discharges as a cost-effective measure d. the Joint Commission because of the understaffing of nurses in hospitals
C
The nurse assessing a child with hyperthyroidism will most likely find which of the following symptoms? a. constipation, bradycardia, slowed respirations, lack of energy, and complaint of tiredness b. disorientation, confusion, extreme hunger, agitation, pallor, headaches, and blurred vision c. weight loss despite excellent appetite, fine tremors, warm and moist skin, tachycardia, and ophthalmic changes d. cardiac arrhythmias, low potassium and high sodium levels, and polyuria
C
The nurse assessing an infant for intusseception will look for 3 classic signs and symptoms: colicky intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and which kind of stool? A. mustard or clay-colored B. frothy stools that float C. currant jelly like stools D. black tar colored stools
C
The nurse assessing an infant will be most concerned about which of the following findings? a. peripheral cyanosis of the hands b. perioral cyanosis c. cyanosis of the lips or tongue d. cyanosis of the feet
C
The nurse has been caring for a child in the home who has a tracheostomy and is oxygen dependent. The nurse wants to do the care in the morning due to the geographic location of the seven children in the caseload. The family requests the care be done after lunch because it fits their schedule better. Select the best response by the nurse. a. "I'm sorry. It is impossible for me to do this in the afternoon. I wish I could, but I cannot." b. "If I give the care in the afternoon, it means that six other children's schedules have to be rearranged and that is not fair to them." c. "Let's look at what time is in the child's best interest and then at what you and I can change to better accommodate that." d. "I will see if the home health agency can find another nurse who can meet your preferred schedule."
C
The nurse is doing discharge planning with the family of an African-American child who is going home after open reduction of a fracture. Which of the following is important for the nurse to ask the caregivers before telling them about the best foods to serve the child to facilitate healing? a. "How much does your child typically eat at a meal?" b. "What foods does your child like?" c. "Is your child lactose intolerant?" d. "Do you cook at home or eat out most of the time?"
C
The nurse is instructing a child and the child's family about dietary needs while the child is undergoing dialysis treatments at home. The nurse will instruct the family to provide which of the following types of diet? a. soft c. low protein b. pureed d. high fat
C
The nurse is working with a client who has cancer that has been staged as a stage I. The nurse realizes that this cancer is best described as: a. a cancer with disseminated metastatic disease b. cancer with a certainty of being fatal c. a localized disease in just one area or organ d. the end stage of cancer
C
The nurse on the pediatric unit is assigned to an infant with gastroesophageal reflux. The infant has had episodes of pneumonia and is not gaining weight. The infant has not responded well to 6 weeks of medical management and is being considered for surgery. At the beginning of the shift, after receiving report on this infant, the nurse will first: a. read the infant's chart or computer record b. weigh the infant c. assess respiratory status d. check the medication administration record and set up medications
C
The nurse takes the temperature of a newborn and gets a reading of 37.7 degrees C (99.6 degrees F). The nurse interprets this temperature as: a. very high for a newborn and calls the health care practitioner b. high for an infant of this age and decides to retake it in 20 minutes c. normal and proceeds to chart the temperature in the infant's record d. below normal and adds a warmed blanket to the infant's crib
C
The school nurse is advising students who are going on a weeklong field trip into a wooded area. The nurse would tell the students to: a. use sunscreen and wear lightweight clothing and high-top tennis shoes or high-top boots b. apply a mosquito repellent and wear camouflage clothing or dark clothing c. use DEET, wear light-colored long-sleeve top and pants, and inspect clothing and body daily d. wear shorts and sleeveless shirts and drink lots of water during the day while hiking in the woods
C
The school nurse working with a group of adolescents with mood disorders is aware that the third leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds is which of the following? a. automobile accidents c. suicide b. drug overdose d. disease
C
The treatment of choice and the safest treatment for intussusception is which of the following treatments? a. a three-stage surgery involving a temporary colostomy opening b. hydrostatic reduction with barium c. hydrostatic reduction with an air or a water-soluble contrast agent d. external massage and rotation
C
What is meant by the ventilation/perfusion ratio? a. the strength with which a person can blow a stream of air b. a comparison of oxygen in the body with that in the heart c. the comparison of alveolar ventilation to capillary perfusion d. how quickly the oxygen taken in circulates once through the body
C
Which of the following do nurses need to do first then preparing for nursing care of children in a clinical setting? a. memorize Erikson's life tasks b. study Piaget's theories of growth and development c. examine their own thoughts and feelings about caring for children and families in the hospital and the roles and responsibilities of nurses in pediatric nursing d. find out the physicians' protocols, and familiarize themselves with these protocols as well as with the policy and procedure manuals of the hospital and unit
C
Which of the following drugs have become the most used or abused by students below the eighth grade? a. marijuana c. inhalants b. methamphetamine d. LSD
C
Which of the following endocrine glands stores vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)? a. adrenal medulla c. posterior pituitary b. adrenal cortex d. anterior pituitary
C
Which of the following phrases about infectious diseases is always true? a. They are contagious from person to person. b. They can be stopped by consistent and adequate handwashing. c. They are caused by pathogenic organisms in the body. d. They can be eradicated by vaccinating people around the world.
C
Which of the following practices is used by a large number of cultural groups to provide comfort and security to a child? A. burying a rock near a large shade tree B. taping a coin to the umbilical cord C. wrapping the infant snugly in a soft blanket D. boiling an egg and keeping it close to the child
C
Which of the following statements best describes child abandonment? a. leaving town quickly and never looking back b. failure to pick up children promptly then others are caring for them or failure to let the children know there you are c. desertion of a child without arranging for reasonable care and providing no communication about caregiver's location d. caregivers intentionally withholding, without cause or excuse, care, presence, love, protection, maintenance, and affection
C
Which of the following statements best describes full thickness burns? a. They usually heal within 5 to 10 days without scarring. b. They are essentially the same as a first-degree burn and are very painful. c. They involve the epidermis, dermis, and extend into subcutaneous tissues. d. The skin is moist, bright red, painful, and extremely sensitive to cold air.
C
Which of the following statements by caregivers of a preschooler would best indicate that the caregivers were paying attention to the teachings of the nurse on how to decrease the incidence of illnesses in their child? a. "We don't let our child play with other children unless the caregivers assure us they are not ill." b. "Our child's temperature is taken every morning and every night, and if it is elevated, we call the health care practitioner." c. "We make certain that our child washes her hands after using the bathroom and before eating." d. "Our child takes a vitamin pill every day, eats a balanced diet, and takes sufficient fluids."
C
Which of the following statements is true regarding a urinary tract infection (UTI) in the newborn? a. The incidence is higher in female newborns. b. After the first year, the incidence is more common in boys. c. Boys who are uncircumcised are more likely to have a UTI. d. UTI is more common in African-American girls than in Caucasian girls.
C
Which of the following things must nurses do first in order to provide culturally sensitive care to children and families? a. assess the cultural background and beliefs of the family b. study various cultures to gain knowledge of their core beliefs c. recognize how their attitudes are influenced by their own values and beliefs and be aware of these values and beliefs d. spend time observing and listening to people of the various cultures that they will come into contact with in their work as nurses
C
You are working with a family that has nicknames for all the members. Mother is called Mimi and Father is called Papa. The children are called Bubby and Sissy. After introductions, you would: a. call the children Bubby and Sissy and refer to the caregivers as Mother and Dad b. address the caregivers as Mimi and Papa and the children as Bubby and Sissy c. ask each family member what he or she would prefer to be called d. call the children Miss and Mr. and the caregivers Mr. and Mrs.
C
A child is expected to require prolonged corticosteroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the child's caregiver. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is most accurate regarding corticosteroid therapy? Select all that apply. a. "You will need to weigh your child regularly due to the high risk for weight loss." b. "Your child's appetite will likely be poor while taking the medication." c. "It is recommended that your child avoid large crowds while taking the medication." d. "Your child is at risk for changes in personality, so monitor the child's mood regularly."
C D
A nurse is providing education to an adolescent who is planning to have surgery. Which of the following developmentally appropriate strategies should the nurse implement? Select all that apply. a. Prepare the adolescent up to 24 hours prior to the procedure. b. Include the peer group since the adolescent does not prefer to have privacy. c. Use appropriate medical terminology. d. Draw a diagram of the surgery to describe the procedure if the adolescent questions how the procedure will be done.
C D
A nurse is providing family education on conflict resolution through communication. Which of the following statements made by the parent indicates that the teaching has been effective? Select all that apply. a. "I will try to overlook our differences." b. "I'm willing to compromise and accept my spouse's solutions to our problems." c. "I will actively listen to our child." d. "I am going to take your feelings seriously."
C D
A student has sustained a fracture while playing on the swings during recess. The school nurse is required to document the event using a standardized injury form. Which of the following best describes the rationale for using this form? Select all that apply. a. serves as legal protection for the school district in the event the guardian files charges b. provides necessary documentation for insurance purposes for the student c. allows for the examination of patterns d. provides a standard format for examining data on injuries
C D
The normal newborn uses what behavior or ability to protect him- or herself from overstimulation and to free energy to meet physiologic demands? a. deep sleeping c. constitution b. crying d. habituation
D
A family caring for a child with a chronic health condition has rearranged and continues to rearrange their life schedule and routine. This is an attempt to make life better for the child and the family and to keep important aspects of the pre-illness lifestyle. The strategies used by the family are referred to as: a. resorting c. organization b. management d. normalization
D
As a nurse you must explore your beliefs about medication for infants and children because research has shown which of the following? A. nurses are likely to overmedication and undermedicate children under their care B. nurses tend to believe that medication will harm children more than help them C. it takes a lo of exploration of beliefs before a nurse can be consistent in the administration of pain medication regardless of race, gender, religion or social status D. Education level, personal pain experience and number of years in practice influence the nurse in the decision to medication or not medicate a child in pain
D
At what age can a child be trusted to self-identify for medication administration? a. preschool b. school-aged c. adolescent d. None
D
Chronic otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear that persists beyond which of the following time periods? a. 1 week c. 2 months b. 6 weeks d. 3 months
D
Compared to children or adults, adolescents' gender attitudes and behavior are found to be: A. about the same B. far more liberal C. somewhat more liberal D. more traditional
D
Healthy People 2010 national health objectives added some new focus areas, two of which are: a. starting kindergarten and the reading initiative earlier to ensure reading by age 6 b. increasing small motor skills in children and reducing the incidence of behavioral problems in children c. involving fathers sooner in prenatal care and making certain they have an opportunity to be present at birth d. medical products safety and adding children to the maternal and infant safety area
D
If burns are severe enough, the child will require fluid replacement. Whcih of the following fluids is most often used as a replacement? A. d5% in water B. 1/2 NS C. NS D. LR
D
If not diagnosed at birth, a newborn with 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency and salt wasting will develop which of the following problems by days 10 to 14 of life? a. seizures c. thyroid storm b. coma d. adrenal crisis
D
In addition to a violence prevention curriculum, the school most needs to do which of the following things in order to prevent or keep school violence incidences low? a. Increase the punishment for aggressive acts. b. Talk with the caregivers about their responsibility to keep their children nonaggressive. c. Formalize a working agreement with the local police force. d. Have formal policies on how violence will be dealt with on the school grounds.
D
In order to help an infant accomplish the basic task of infancy (according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development), caregivers must consistently do which of the following things? a. Provide entertainment and stimulation for psychological growth. b. Talk with the child during the child's waking hours. c. Hold the baby in a way that the baby prefers. d. Meet need for comfort, security, predictability, food, and warmth.
D
In the period immediately after a baby has had surgery for cleft lip repair, the nurse will do which of the following things? a. Place the baby in a prone position lying flat. b. Remove the elbow restraints. c. Hold the pain medication. d. Apply a Logan bow or a butterfly adhesive.
D
The ability to concentrate urine varies between adults and newborns. Which of the following describes the ability of the newborn to concentrate urine when compared to the adult? a. better c. much more poorly b. about the same d. slightly less
D
The fastest-growing segment of the homeless population consists of which of the following groups? a. alcoholics refusing treatment c. single males b. mentally ill people d. families with children
D
The leading causes of injury-related death for children aged 1 to 4 years is: a. choking and drowning b. fires and burns c. fires and neglect d. drowning and motor vehicle occupant injury
D
The nurse assessing a child finds the classic symptoms of scabies, which are: a. Track-like raised red areas, which burn and hurt but do not itch at all b. constant itching and secondary infections from itching, in addition to primary dry scaly lesions on the arms and trunk c. daytime itching and vesicles containing fluid in a Track-like pattern d. nighttime itching and minute grayish-brown, threadlike burrow tracks with a black dot at the end of the track
D
The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis who is being managed at home. Which of the following strategies to foster adequate ventilation would be best for the nurse to suggest to the family? a. installing an attic fan b. having the child take a walk twice a day c. administering oxygen therapy d. raising the head of the child's bed
D
The nurse is caring for a small child who puts his arm through the side rail just as the nurse is lowering the side rail. The child gets big bruise. The housekeeper asks the nurse what happened. The nurse should: A. tell the housekeeper, since the housekeeper is part of the healthcare team B. restrict information to general statements such as "it was an accident." C. suggest the housekeeper ask the head nurse D. Avoid discussing the accident with the housekeeper
D
The nurse is with a newborn that is having radiographic studies to determine if the newborn has esophageal atresia and if the newborn also has tracheoesophageal fistula. When the radiopaque nasogastric tube is passed through the nose to the stomach, it stops at 10 centimeters and the radiographic studies show air in the stomach. The nurse is aware that these finding indicate which of the following conditions? a. normal esophagus and stomach b. abnormal esophagus and normal stomach c. esophageal atresia without tracheoesophageal fistula d. esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula
D
The nurse is working with a child who is experiencing a complication of fractures known as compartment syndrome. Which of the following signs and symptoms is this child most likely to have? a. headache, dizziness, blurred vision, and sensitivity to the sun b. nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for 2 weeks c. a shifting of fluid and electrolytes into the intracellular space d. paresthesia, severe pain, and severe swelling of the digits below the affected compartment
D
The nurse working with a preschooler finds on assessment early in the shift that this child is not taking adequate fluids. Which of the following actions by the nurse will most likely result in the child taking more fluids? a. telling the child he will not get better unless he drinks more b. offering the child a reward if he drinks a certain amount each hour c. having the doctor talk to the child and the parents d. setting up a tea party or playing restaurant
D
When caregivers of a child with a chronic health care condition look for meaning in their situation, they most often: A. feel small, helpless and hopeless in the face of such a long-term responsibility B. find they have little or nothing to be thankful for and drop out of their religion C. give up and adopt a martyr-like existence because any meaning is depression or demeaning D. find positive outcomes, such as family relationships being strengthened due to working together
D
Which of the following best describes the problem of cryptorchidism? a. there one testicle is greatly enlarged and hangs somewhat lower than the other testicle b. there one, or in rare cases both, of the testes is twisted in the scrotal sac c. a congenital anomaly in which one, or in rare cases both, of the testicles is absent d. failure of one or both of the testes to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum
D
You are a nurse working with toddlers and preschoolers. One of the children has a skin infection, which is diagnosed as tinea corporis. In assessing this condition, you would ask the caregivers which of the following questions? a. "What kind of detergent have you been using?" b. "Has your child been swimming in a public swimming pool?" c. "Does your child have any known contact allergies?" d. "Has your child been playing with cats or dogs?"
D
A pediatric client is diagnosed with an incomplete or partial dislocation of the articular surfaces of the joints. When the parents ask the nurse what this condition is called, the nurse accurately responds that it is referred to as ____________________.
SUBLUXATION