Pediatrics #1

By which age does the anterior fontanel of the skull close? A. 12 to 18 months B. 20 to 24 months C. 26 to 30 moths D. 32 to 36 months

A. 12 to 18 months Rationale: The anterior fontanel usually closes between 12 and 18 months.

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group? A. Good boy- nice girl orientation B. Society maintaining orientation C. Instrumental relativist orientation D. Universal ethical principle orientation

A. Good boy- nice girl orientation Rationale: The good boy-good girl orientation stage involves and individual who wants to win the approval and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group. During the society-maintaining orientation stage, an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns. The instrumental relativist orientation stage involves a child who wants to follow parental rules. The universal ethical principle orientation stage defines "right" by the decision of conscience according to self-chosen ethical principals.

In which settings would the nurse perform developmental assessments for pediatric clients? Select all that apply. A. Home B. School C. Hospital D. Daycare center E. Assisted living center

A. Home B. School C. Hospital D. Daycare center Rationale: Pediatric developmental assessments are performed in many settings, including the home, school. hospital, and daycare center environments. It is unlikely that a pediatric developmental assessment would be performed in an assisted living center.

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory would a child exhibit fear of punishment? A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 D. Stage 4

A. Stage 1 Rationale: According to Kolhberg's theory of moral development, at stage 1 a child is afraid of punishment. At stage 2, the child recognizes that there is more than 1 correct viewpoint. At stage 3, an individual seeks the approval of and maintains the expectations of one's immediate group. At stage 4, an individual expands focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns.

Which is the minimum number of hours of sleep the nurse would recommend for an 11-year-old client? A. 8 B. 9 C. 10 D. 11

B. 9 A school-age client who is 11 years of age is recommended to receive 9-11 hours of sleep per night. The minimum number of hours the nurse would recommend is 9. Eight hours is the minimum number of hours recommended for an adolescent. Ten hours of sleep is the minimum recommended for a preschool age client. Eleven hours of sleep is the minimum recommended for a toddler.

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development? A. During this stage, genital organs are the focus of pleasure B. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities C. During this stage, an infant begins to think that their parent is separate from themself D. During this stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle

B. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities. Rationale: During the latency stage, Freud believed that sexual urges from the earlier Oedipal Stage are repressed and channeled into productive activities that are socially acceptable. During the phallic stage, the genital organs are the focus of pleasure. During the orals stage, infants begin to think that the parent is something separate from themself. During the genital stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle.

Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately? A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Oedipus complex

B. Ego According to Freud, the ego allows an individual to judge reality accurately. The Id is basic instinctual impulses driven to achieve pleasure. The superego is often referred to as the conscience. The Oedipus complex entails a child subconsciously having a love interest in their parent of the opposite sex.

To which client would the nurse provide education regarding the pubertal growth spurt? A. An 8-year-old school-age male client B. A 16 year old adolescent male client C. A 12 year old school age female client D. An 18 year old adolescent female client

C. A 12 year old school age female client Rationale: The pubertal growth spurt reaches a peak for female clients at 12 years of age; therefore the nurse would provide education to this client regarding expected growth during this time period. The 8 year old male client would not be expected to experience the pubertal growth spurt until the age of 14 years. The 16 year old and the 18 year old adolescent clients would have already experienced the pubertal growth spurt.

Which period of Piaget's theory covers the prevalence of egocentrism in adolescents? A. Sensorimotor B. Preoperational C. Formale operations D. Concrete operations

C. Formal Operations Rationale: Formal operations is the fourth period of Piaget's theory. During this period, there is a prevalence of egocentric thought. This egocentricity leads adolescents to demonstrate feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness.

Which stage of development classifies boys and girls as differing very little in terms of size? A. Toddler B. Preschool C. School-age D. Adolescence

C. School-age Rationale: During the school-age stage of development, boys and girls differ very little in terms of size. During the toddler, preschool, and adolescence stages of development. boys are often larger than girls.

Which fine motor skill would the nurse asses in an infant? Select all that apply. A. Crawling B. Creeping C. Sitting erect D. Holding a rattle E. Picking up objects F. Holding a baby bottle

D. Holding a rattle E. Picking up objects F. Holding a baby bottle Rationale: Holding a rattle, picking up objects, and holding a baby bottle are examples of fine motor skills. Gross motor skills include crawling, creeping, and sitting erect.

The nurse is providing care to the family of a preschool-age child who is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Which sibling statement indicates to the nurse that parental education regarding discipline may be indicated? A. I really wish my brother wasn't sick all the time. B. I am afraid that I caused my brother to get sick again because I was mad at him. C. When I lied to my parents, I was punished for a week and my brother never gets punished. D. I never get to go over to my friends' house because we are always taking my brother to the hospital.

C. When I lied to my parents, I was punished for a week and my brother never gets punished. Rationale: A critical component of any child's development is discipline. Applying appropriate discipline to the child who is chronically ill or disabled can also limit the resentment and hostility that can develop among siblings if parents apply different standards to each child. The nurse's responsibility is to help parents learn successful methods of guiding the child. The statements regarding wishing that the brother wasn't sick, fears of having caused the illness, and missing play dates may require further assessment and family teaching, but the teaching would not be related to discipline.

At which age would an infant be expected to begin to crawl? A. 3 months B. 5 months C. 7 months D. 9 months

D. 9 months Rationale: At the age of 9 months, a child starts to crawl along the floor and can pull themself to a standing or sitting position. At the age of 3 months, a child can lift their head and chest and is able to sit erect with support. At the age of 5 months, a child can support much of their own weight when pulled to stand. At the age of 7 months, a child can sit alone without support, can bear their full weight on their feet, and can hold on to furniture.

Which statement is true about Piaget's theory of cognitive development? A. Piaget's theory includes five periods that are related to age. B. In the late preoperational stage, the children experience animism. C. In the preoperational stage, children are able to perform mental operations. D. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop an action pattern for dealing with their environment

D. During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop an action pattern for dealing with their environment.

How many days it the neonatal period?

The neonatal period is the first 28 days of life.