Peds Exam 2 Sample Questions
When referring to the Cranial Vault Asymmetry Index for Plagiocephaly, which reading would NOT warrant conservative treatment? A) 4,2 B) 6.3 C) 8.0 D) 9.2
A
Which of the following is not a classic presentation for a pediatric patient with Muscular Dystrophy? A. Narrow BOS during gait B. Clumsiness C. Gowers Sign D. Toe Walking
A
Which of the following intervention strategies would be most appropriate for a child with Developmental Coordination Disorder? (select all that apply) a.) perceptual motor training b.) task-specific interventions c.) cognitive approaches d.) sensory integration
B and C
Which of the following is a common anatomical change over time secondary to a perinatal brachial plexus injury? (select all that apply) A. elongated clavicle B. posterior subluxations C. contractures of internal rotators D. irregular glenoid fossa
B, C, D
"Waiter's tip" posture is associated with the most common palsy of: A. Global Palsy (C5-T1) B. Klumpke's Palsy (C8-T1) C. Erb's Palsy (C5-C6) D. Klumpke's Palsy (C5-C6)
C
Which of the following is false about Developmental Coordination Disorder? a. It affects a child's ability to perform age appropriate complex motor activities b. The specific neuroanatomic site involved is the cerebellar c. Associated disorder includes ADHD d. Without intervention children do not grow out of it
Correct Answer: B.
Your patient presents to your clinic with a known diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome. Which of the following is a concern for children with this condition? a. Childhood obesity b. Scoliosis c. Oxygen desaturation d. All of the above
Correct Answer: D.
A 3-month-old patient is referred to your clinic for evaluation and treatment after diagnosis of right Congenital Muscular Torticollis with left Plagiocephaly. Which of the following observations would you NOT expect to see with this patient? A. Left cervical rotation B. Right facial features appear smaller C. Patch of hair missing on left superior occipital region D. Left lateral cervical flexion E. Anterior musculature/skin appear tight on right
D
After a complete evaluation of a 3-month-old baby, you note a loss of sensation in their Left arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps and brachialis muscles. Upon observation of the patient's posture, you note their left arm hangs by their side and is rotated medially; the forearm is extended and pronated. Based on this presentation match the correct classification of brachial plexus injury to the Injury level. A) Klumpke's Palsy C5-T1 B) Global Palsy T1 Root Avulsion C) Global Palsy C5-T1 D) Horner's Syndrome T1 Root Avulsion E) Erb's Palsy C5-6
E
All of the following are possible risk factors for perinatal brachial plexus injuries, EXCEPT: A. Shortened labor B. Shoulder dystocia C. Birth Weight <90th percentile D. None of the above E. Both A and C
E
Developmental Coordination Disorder is: A. more likely in pre-term populations than full-term populations B. characterized by developmental apraxia C. associated with ADHD D. A & C E. All of the above
E
You are evaluating a 18 month old boy and begin to notice some signs that are leading you to a suspicion that this child might have Autism. Upon further questioning, the parents tell you that they have noticed that the child appears to be very sensitive to certain sounds and is frequently very agitated when wearing socks but is much less agitated when not wearing socks. You know the statistics on ASD, and therefore know the median age of diagnosis is 4.5-5.5 years old. What do you do next? A. Nothing, its too early for the child to show any signs of ASD at 18 months B. Nothing, it is too early to initiate the process of formally diagnosing ASD C. Tell the parents about the signs you are seeing, and consider the concerns the parents might have and recommend they follow up with their primary care provider and follow up with the PCP yourself D. Recommend the child to a developmental pediatrician E. C & D F. none of the above
E
You are evaluating a child with diagnosed Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. All of the following are more likely areas to expect pseudohypertrophy EXCEPT: A. Deltoid B. Quads C. Calves D. Forearm Extensors E. All are correct
E
Which of the following disorder would not be due to an abnormality of the 23rd pair of chromosomes? A. Williams syndrome B. Hemophilia A C. Rett Syndrome D. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
answer: A
A 1 month old during the PT evaluation presents with symptoms consistent with developmental dysplasia of the hip, which of the the following symptoms is abnormal and consistent with symptoms of developmental dysplasia of the hip? a. Negative barlow/ortalani test b. Clicking of the hip c. Limited abduction ROM d. Symmetrical thigh folds
c
Upon meeting a patient you have just evaluated, you observe clinical dysmorphisms that suggest your patient may have a genetic disorder. You go back to further review their medical file. Which of the following items of note listed in the medical history may also indicate the presence of a genetic disorder? A. height 6' 2", weight 160#, large ears and nose. B. height 5'2", weight 160#, hx of scoliosis and anemia. C. height 5' 2", weight 130#, hx of DM I. D. height 6'2", weight 130#, hx of DM I.
the correct answer is B
A 12 year old boy comes limping into your clinic with unilateral anterior groin pain as well as thigh and knee pain. Upon examination it was found that he had decreased hip IR, abduction, and flexion. What is the most likely likely diagnosis? a. Legg-Calve Perthes b. SCFE c. Osteochondritis Dissecans d. Fracture
A
A 20 month old female child presents to your clinic whose father states that she seems to favor using her right hip over her left hip. However, she doesn't appear to be agitated while examining her left hip and eventually determine she has DDH. Which combination of surgery and positioning technique is indicated for this child? A) Open reduction/spica cast B) Closed reduction/spica cast C) Open reduction/Pavlik harness D) Closed reduction/Pavlik harness
A
A preschool age child presents to your clinic with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy, which of the following would be the most relevant intervention for this child? A) Promote play, self-care, & mobility B) Facilitate optimal sensorimotor development C) Prevent deterioration D) Educate caregivers on handling & positioning
A
All of the following are true regarding Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) EXCEPT: a) A 10 month old infant with DDH uses an open reduction/spica cast for treatment. b) An infant who is breach is more likely to have DDH. c) A 3 month old with DDH is placed in a Pavlik Harness to allow for acetabular deepening. d) Children with DDH who walk with a waddle or limp don't experience much pain.
A
All the below is true of SCFE except? Displacement of lower femoral epiphysis that occurs in males more than females Presents with short limb, quad atrophy with adductor spasm Correlates with obesity and puberty Treatment includes surgical fixation, strengthening, and progressive weight bearing
A
GMFCS is a valid and stable classification system for children with cerebral palsy, but at which age band would it be considered to be less reliable and can even result in changes in categorization level? A)Birth-2-years B)2-4-years C)4-6-years D)6-12-years
A
Today you are scheduled to treat a 2 year old male patient with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. When meeting with the patient and family, you immediately notice that the boy walks with his feet wide apart (greater than shoulder width), appears very clumsy, and has a hard time speaking simple words in an understandable way. The father jokingly says that his child appears to be drunk all the time. When reaching for a toy you hold out, the boy has a hard time controlling his arms and hands when trying to reach the toy. Based on the boys presentation, which of the following choices is MOST LIKELY correct? A) This boy suffers from ataxic cerebral palsy, which primarily affects the cerebellum. B) This boy suffers from hypotonic cerebral palsy, which primarily affects the white matter projections of the brain. C) The boy suffers from dyskinetic cerebral palsy which primarily affects the basal ganglia and presents with decreased tone in arms and increased tone in trunk. D) None of the above choices are correct.
A
Trisomy 21 is a chromosomal disorder commonly known as down's syndrome. In your tactful communication with the parents, you shared these true statements about their child A) as a PT, I recommend Billy avoids handstands and somersaults until after receiving a cervical Xray B) the majority of cases with these disorders are passed down by the mother C) both a & b are true D) we generally see children with down syndrome hit all developmental milestones, such as rolling from stomach to back and back to stomach at 9 months.
A
What is TRUE about the link of hydrocephalus and myelodysplasia? a. It is excessive CSF and contributes to the Banana sign to help diagnose myelodysplasia. b. It is excessive CSF and leads to sensory deficits. c. It is excessive CSF and is found in the maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening. d. It is excessive CSF and is not linked to myelodysplasia.
A
1. MD A. 1-10 y/o 2. Congenital MD B. 5 y/o 3. Becker MD C. 0-4 m/o 4. Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) D. late childhood/ adolescence 5. Type II SMA E. adult onset 6. Type III SMA F. 6-12 m/o 7. Type IV SMA G. in utero or 1 y/o
1. B. (MD is typically diagnosed by age 5 y/o.) 2. G. (Congenital MD is diagnosed in utero or by age 1 y/o.) 3. D. (Becker MD is diagnosed in late childhood/ adolescence.) 4. C. (Type I SMA is diagnosed between 0-4 months.) 5. F. (Type II SMA is diagnosed between 6-12 months.) 6. A. (Type III SMA is diagnosed between 1-10 years.) 7. E. (Type IV SMA is diagnosed in adulthood.)
Which of the following presentations would you expect to see in the upper extremity of a child with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita? A. Shoulder internal rotation, elbow extension, and wrist flexion B. Shoulder external rotation, elbow flexion, wrist flexion C. Elbow flexion, pronation, wrist flexion D. Shoulder internal rotation, elbow extension, supination
A
Which test is the most reliable and valid to help diagnose a child for CP? A. GMFCS B. Bayley-3 C. PDMS-2 D. CPMVS
A
You are evaluating a 2 year old boy with a known diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Which of the following cluster of symptoms do you expect to see? A. muscle weakness, weakness affecting proximal more than distal muscles, waddling gait, enlargement of calves B. muscle weakness, weakness affecting distal more than proximal muscles, ataxic gait, enlargement of calves C. muscle weakness, weakness affecting proximal and distal muscles equally, no significant gait deviation, enlargement of calves
A
You are evaluating a child that you suspect has muscular dystrophy. What cluster of symptoms would lead you to a primary hypothesis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy over other types of muscular dystrophy? A. progressive weakness, signs becoming evident around age 5, excessive lordosis in standing, wide based gait, child walking arms up legs to stand from quadruped position B. progressive weakness, signs becoming evident in first year of life, wide based gait, clumsiness, delayed motor milestones C. progressive weakness, signs becoming evident in adolescence, wide based gait, clumsiness, trouble climbing stairs D. all of the above E. none of the above
A
You are seeing David, an overweight 11-year old boy, in your clinic. His mom brought him in because she is concerned with how he has been walking, and reports that he has a limp. She said this has never happened before. He has been complaining of knee pain and hip pain, on his right side. David said he fell and hurt his leg in PE at school last week, but his mom didn't bring him in right away because she thought it would heal. The hip pain and limp have gotten worse, and he now complains of pain in his groin and buttock area. Of the following hypotheses, which of these diagnoses seems most likely? A. SCFE B. Legg-Calve Perthes C. Osteochondritis Dissecans D. Developmental Dysplasia of the hip
A
Your new patient is a 13 year old hispanic male. Upon the evaluation, you notice that the child is overweight, has an antalgic gait, and his primary complaint is diffuse knee pain. What is your suspected diagnosis? a. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) b. Legg-Calve Perthes c. Osteochondritis Dessicans d. Fracture of the knee cap
A
Which statement is true in regard to DCD? A. Children with DCD engage in less vigorous play and spend more time alone during play B. Without intervention children do not "grow out" of DCD C. Children with DCD are not at risk for developing serious negative physical, social, emotional, behavioral, and mental health consequences D. All of the above
A and B
Which of the following are appropriate interventions for a child diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)? Select all that apply: A. Focus on task specific and cognitive approaches B. Promote engagement with peers, as the child will eventually grow out of the disorder C. Focus primarily on reducing strength and/or ROM limitations D. Evaluate for associated conditions (i.e ADHD, learning/speech difficulties)
A and D
You are working with a child who has recently been diagnosed with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, the child is 6 years old and the parents are not sure what you as a Physical Therapist can do for them. While explaining your role in their child's care you bring up the following points. Select all that apply: A. Patient and family education on the disease and management B. Helping to create a plan for the school to accommodate their disability C. Curing the disease through specific exercises and stretches D. Working with the patient and family to create strategies to improve quality of life
A, B, D
You are seeing a 13 y/o male pt who has recently c/o elevated bilateral knee pain that is intermittent while participating in soccer activities 3 days/week in addition to gym class and playing with his friends (exacerbating activities include jumping and kneeling). Select the best conservative treatment options to address his function and participation. (select all that apply) A) strengthening of the major hip/knee musculature B) immediately begin with plyometric based training program C) emphasis on LE flexibility D) pt and family education for potential activity modifications
A, C, D
All of the following are common impairments/characteristics of Osteogenesis Imperfecta EXCEPT: A. Hypomobile joints B. Deafness C. Excessive sweating D. Weak Muscles
A. hypermobile joints
All of the following are common physical presentations in a child with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita EXCEPT? A. Club Feet B. Wrist Flexion C. Shoulder Internal Rotation D. Hip extension with adduction and internal rotation
Answer D
What impairments might you see in a patient with a developmental coordination disorder? A. Motor deficits such as slow and rigid movements B. Motor learning deficits such as lack of adaptability or flexibility in movements C. Social/Emotional/Behavioral impairments such as avoidance behaviors or low frustration tolerance D. All of the above
Answer D
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic mutation that impacts the muscles such that the children become weak and damaged. What is the MOST COMMON type of genetic mutation that causes this disease? 1) Deletion 2) Duplication 3) Addition 4) Frame Shift
Answer: 1). Deletion is the most common type of genetic mutation that causes this disease. It is a sex linked disorder that can be recessive or dominant, but the deletion of one or more segments in the gene is what results in a child inheriting Duchenne's. When the gene is not sequenced correctly it results in the dystrophin protein not being created.
You are evaluating a 6 year old female that you suspect may have Developmental Coordination Disorder because you observe your patient: (Select all that apply): A. Often drops objects B. Complaining to her mom about what she packed for lunch C. Has difficulty with hopping and skipping D. Tends to play alone
Answer: A,C,D.
A 10 year old boy walks into your clinic limping with complaints of localized pain in the hip. Upon evaluation you note decreased ROM in hip IR/AB and flexion ~20 degrees. His gait pattern can be described as trendelenburg/abductor lurch. What is the boy's likely diagnosis? A. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) B. Legg Calve Perthes C. Osteochondritis Dissecans D. Osgood Schlatter Syndrome
B
A 14 year old child presents to your clinic with a known peripheral nerve injury. They have impaired protraction and upward rotation of the scapula. Which of the following is the correct name and levels of innervation for the nerve that would cause these issues? A. Axillary N (C5-C6) B. Long Thoracic N (C5-C7) C. Axillary N (C5-C7) D. Long Thoracic N (C5-C6)
B
A 7 year old boy presents to your clinic with a diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, what impairments are most likely impeding his function? A) He cannot walk anymore B) Difficulty with climbing stairs and gait deviations C) Decreased vital capacity and falls D) Narrow based gait and heel walking
B
A 7-year-old boy with cerebral palsy is brought to your clinic for evaluation. The boy is able to use a knee scooter when indoors and doing short distances. He traverses stairs by holding onto the handrail for support and is mainly supervised when doing so. However, when traveling long distances he uses a self-propelled wheelchair. According to the GMFCS, what Level is the boy currently at? A) Level 2 B) Level 3 C) Level 4 D) Level 5
B
A newborn's parent mentions difficulty changing the diaper on their 4-day old baby because, "their right leg isn't moving as much as their left." Suspecting DDH, you go in and perform a Barlow and Ortolani test, and notice a clunking noise in the child's hip when taking them through the tests. These findings would be considered... A. Normal, since a clunk is fairly common in the first 3-7 days of life. B. Abnormal, as a clunk is a sign of the hip dislocating and relocating.
B
According to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) for children with Cerebral palsy, which of the following statements is NOT true? A. A child with a level IV classification will have a plateau in their gross motor function at around 7 years old B. 70% of gross motor function potential is reached between 3 and 6 years old for all five levels C. The gross motor development curves using the GMFCS & GMFM helps provide a prognosis for how the child will progress with age compared to other children with cerebral palsy at the same level. D. Children progress faster to their max gross motor function at younger ages for all five levels
B
All of the following are true about developmental coordination disorder EXCEPT: A. DCD is diagnosed by a significant delay in motor skills that impacts a child's ability to perform age-appropriate motor activities. Examples include a marked delay in motor milestones, dropping things, clumsiness, poor sports performance, and poor handwriting. B. Children with DCD don't always need intervention. They may eventually grow out of it on their own by learning strategies to be active including engaging in more vigorous play. C. There is no specific pathologic process or single neuroanatomic site that has been associated with DCD, therefore, the cause is still a bit of a mystery. D. Some impairments commonly seen with DCD include sensory/perceptual deficits, motor deficits, motor control deficits, and motor learning deficits.
B
All of the following statements regarding congenital muscular torticollis are true except: A) It is named based on the side of involved SCM. For example, an infant with right torticollis rests in right lateral flexion and left cervical rotation. B) Left side is affected more frequently than right side. C) Babies are at a higher risk if birth history includes multiple gestation (twins, triplets, etc.), longer birth length, and birth trauma. D) It is the third most common musculoskeletal condition in newborns.
B
An 8 year old child diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy visits your clinic utilizing a handheld device for short distance ambulation. Their parents state that the child is able to climb stairs with minimal assistance, but they want to work on endurance due to needing a wheelchair for community ambulation. Based on this information, what stage of Cerebral Palsy does the child present with, according to the GMFCS descriptors? A. GMFCS Level II B. GMFCS Level III C. GMFCS Level IV D. GMFCS Level V
B
An 8-year-old male presents to the clinic with complaints of right-sided pain in the groin and anteromedial thigh. During gait observation, the PT notes an abductor lurch and later notices limited hip abduction and internal rotation on the right side. Based on this information, the therapist hypothesizes that this patient has which of the following diagnoses: a. Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) b. Legg-Calve Perthes c. Osteochondritis Dissecans
B
Dyskenetic/athetoid cerebral palsy is associated with injury/impairment to which part of the brain? A - injury to the cortex or white matter projections B - injury to the basal ganglia C - injury to the cerebellum D - injury to the premotor cortex
B
The third most common musculoskeletal condition in newborns is: A. Muscular Dystrophy B. Congenital Muscular Torticollis C. Clubfoot D. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
B
What sub-type of Congenital Muscular Torticollis is the most difficult to treat due to the presence of a fibrous band which appears 4-8months after birth? A. Muscular B. SCM Tumor C. Postural D. Congenital
B
Which condition are you likely to find on a child with cerebral palsy? A. Rash on distal extremities B. Hip dislocation C. Large cyst on backside D. Loss of sensation on one half of the body
B
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Spina Bifida? a) The majority of problems with spina bifida result from the Neurulation process b) Women should begin taking folic acid immediately when they become pregnant to prevent Spina Bifida c) In Spina Bifida with meningocele, only membranes or non-functioning nerves are contained in the protruding sac d) To diagnose via US, look for the "lemon" or "banana" sign, which indicates hydrocephaly or excess CSF accumulation
B
Which of the following is TRUE in regards to Down Syndrome? a) It occurs due to having an extra chromosome 22 on a karyotype image. b) Advanced maternal age increases the risk of having a child with Down Syndrome. c) Children with Down Syndrome present with joint hypo-mobility. d) Children with Down Syndrome present with mild macrocephaly.
B
Which of the following is TRUE? A. The Gross Motor Function Measure is synonymous with the Gross Motor Function Classification System B. The Gross Motor Function Measure can be used in conjunction with the Gross Motor Function Classification System to compare a child with cerebral palsy to other kids of the same age and classification and forecast the child's development as he/she ages. C. The greatest development for children with cerebral palsy is from 2-5 years old followed by a period of slow, steady increase in function. D. Children tend to progress from lower to higher levels on the Gross Motor Function Classification System as they age.
B
Which of the following is the most common surgery option for an infant with posterior plagiocephaly? a. endoscopic tenotomy of SCM b. Lambdoid craniectomy c. posterior cervical disectomy and fusion d. posterior laminoplasty
B
Which of the following patients would you most likely suspect has Legg Calve Perthes? A. 8-month-old female with limited right hip abduction and leg length discrepancy on the right. B. 5-year-old male who walks into your clinic limping. He reports pain in his left hip and thigh, and you discover he has decreased ROM of his left hip. C. 12-year-old male who is overweight and has a antalgic gait pattern. He reports bilateral hip and groin pain.
B
Which of the following statements is true regarding physical therapy interventions/considerations for a child diagnosed with a disorder consistent with an Autism Spectrum Disorder? A) ASD's are a group of musculoskeletal developmental disabilities. Address strength and ROM limitations to assist child in reaching developmental milestones. B) A child with an ASD may have social, behavioral, and communication challenges that could lead to "meltdowns", requiring both your patience and creativity to make transitions as comfortable as possible for these children. C) Once a child is diagnosed, these disorders are easily treatable and likely will not affect your exam/treatment if they are receiving care. D) The prevalence of ASD's is extremely rare, so you likely will not encounter a child with one of these types of disorders.
B
Which of the following tests would you most likely expect to be consistent with a patient who has been diagnosed with a birth defect that involves an extra copy of chromsome 21? A. Neer's Test B. Sharp-Purser C. Scour's Test D. Jerk Test
B
You are currently treating a child with Type IV osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). With the development of gene mapping, you know there are certain common characteristics of OI types I-IV. What are these common characteristics? (Choose all that apply) a. autosomal recessive b. autosomal dominant c. defect in type 1 collagen structure d. unable to translate collagen to bone
B & C
With a diagnosis of myelodysplasia, it is important to have specific and fitting goals for each age to ensure development that is age appropriate. What are the most relevant goals and interventions for a preschool aged child with myelodysplasia? A. Maintain achieved level of activity to prevent deterioration, seating/mobility, promote participation in age appropriate sport & activities B. Address impairments, promote play & self care, ID effectiveness means of independent mobility C. Family education, handling, facilitate sensorimotor experiences, prepare for mobility D. Address impairments, handling, facilitate sensorimotor experiences, seating/mobility, promote participation in age appropriate sport & activities
B
You are assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with DS on motor and postural abilities. She is 9 months old, and is incapable of sitting independently. As a physical therapist, what is your level of concern regarding your patient not meeting this milestone? A. Highly concerned because the average child sits independently at 6 months. B. Not as concerned due to the nature of children with DS developing 2x as slow compared to children who do not have DS. C. Not concerned because the average child sits independently at 12 months. D. Not concerned because this child is developing at the average pace as her peers.
B
You are currently evaluating a 9 month old infant who presents with right-sided Erb's palsy. Which of the following is not true when conducting your physical therapy evaluation? a) check visual status as infants often neglect their affected side b) sensation does not need to be tested, because sensation is not affected in brachial plexus injuries c) assess pain using the FLACC scale d) check developmental skills such as rolling, crawling and sitting
B
You are evaluating a 16 y/o male with diagnosed myelodisplasia. He presents with LE motor paralysis as indicated by bilateral MMT grades as follow: B quadiriceps 4/5; B medial HS 3+/5; B tibialis anterior and B paroneus tertius 3/5. Additionally, he presents with impaired light touch and proprioceptive sensation throughout his LEs (distal>proximal). He also has a BMI of 30 for his age group. Based on the findings in regard to motor deficits, what spinal cord level do you most suspect to be impaired? A) L3 B) L4 C) L5 D)S1-2
B
You are evaluating a 4 year old and are suspecting he has Duchenne MD. Which of the following is not a characteristic of DMD? A) slower gait speed than peers B) Mortality 1-10 years C) Pseudohypertrophy D) Gower's sign
B
You are planning your interventions for your 6 year old patient diagnosed with Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy. Which of the following would be the BEST intervention strategies? A: ROM, night splinting, education, eccentric exercises B: Submaximal exercises, breathing exercises, night splinting C: ROM, reach and grasp skills, family education
B
You are treating a female infant with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip and considering a Pavlik harness. Which of the following is NOT true about the Pavlik harness? A) It restricts hip extension and adduction, but allows for hip flexion and abduction. B) It is ideal for an infant that has severe muscle imbalance. C) It has a lower success rate when used after 6 months of age. D) It should not be used on an infant with excessive ligament laxity (such as Ehlers-Danlos)
B
You are working with a 2 year old patient and you notice a flat, pink rash on the child's arm. When talking to the parent about the rash you also learn that the child has been having frequent fevers for about 2 weeks that reach over 100 and then return to normal after a few hours. Which condition are you most concerned that child might be presenting with? A. Oligoarthritis B. Systemic JIA C. Polyarticular JIA D. Psoriatic Arthritis
B
You are working with a child that has Spina Bifida. The child previously developed hydrocephalus after surgical closure and required a shunt. Which of the following is NOT a warning sign/symptom of shunt dysfunction? A) Decreased grip strength B) Easily aroused in the morning C) Decreased visuomotor coordination D) Worsening scoliosis
B
You have a 6 year old male patient. Upon evaluation he presents with progressive weakness, enlarged calves, lordosis, wide based gait, toe walking, and clumsiness. He also shows "Gower's Sign". What is your suspected diagnosis? A. Spinal Muscular Dystrophy B. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy C. Congenital Muscular Toticollis
B
You have a new pt who is 3 years old and was referred to your clinic with orders to eval and treat after the parents noticed their son started walking with a limp. When evaluating you notice there is swelling around the hip and it feels warm to the touch. When working out a differential diagnosis, all of the following would lead you to suspect Septic Arthritis except? A. Bacterial infection B. Infection of the long bones C. Infection of the joint space D. LE affected
B
You have a patient with suspected CMT. Which of following subjective questions would NOT be appropriate to ask the patient's parents in regard to the patient's birth and health history? A. In the final 6 weeks of pregnancy, was the baby is one position in utero? B. How much did the baby weigh at birth? C. Is there a family history of torticollis or any other developmental conditions? D. Was there use of forceps during delivery?
B
You have a pediatric patient diagnosed with Anthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC). The following PT treatment plan of cares are correct except: A: Immediately begin PT treatment after birth to manage orthopedic deformity B: Observe the patients functional mobility to detect abnormalities then focus the plan of care to change their mobility to be more "normal" C: Observe the patients functional mobility and assist to make that movement more functional and safe D: Educate family members about the disease and proper ROM and positioning programs for the patient
B
Your patient has Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). He has a triangular face, loose joints, increasing scoliosis and is non-ambulatory for exercise and transfers. Which type of OI does your patient have? A. Type I B. Type III C. Type VII D. Type XI
B
Your patient is an infant that had been diagnosed with metatarsus adductus. Upon evaluating the child, you note that the child has enough mobility to reduce the foot to midline, but not the full normal ROM. Which of the following intervention strategies is the most appropriate? A. Casting B. Corrective Shoes C. Surgery to Correct the Impairment D. Let the Condition Correct Itself (usually done by 4-6 months)
B
During your evaluation of your pediatrics patient, and you suspect that she might have duchenne muscular dystrophy. What combination of presentations will confirm your hypothesis? A. 13 year old with wide set eyes, normal gait pattern, and pseudohypertrophy B. A 6 year old with a lordosis posture, enlarged calves, with stair climbing difficulties C. A 15 year old with stair climbing difficulty, increased falls, and enlarged calves D. A 10 year old with a normal gait pattern, gower's sign, and normal vital capacity.
B. A 6 year old with a lordosis posture, enlarged calves, with stair climbing difficulties
While examining a 2 year old, you suspect that she may have a genetic disorder. She presents with wide set eyes, flat bridge nose, a small mouth, which genetic disorder is high on you list of suspicion? A. Edwards Syndrome B. Down syndrome C. Williams syndrome D. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
B. Down Syndrome
You are evaluating a patient in your clinic who has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy? Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of cerebral palsy? (Select all that apply) a) A definitive diagnosis of cerebral palsy is usually made by the time a baby is 1 month old b) Spastic diplegia is the most common classification of cerebral palsy c) The Gross Motor Function Classification System is a highly reliable way to classify cerebral palsy based on functional motor skills d) Most children with Down syndrome are also diagnosed with cerebral palsy
B/C
A 6 year old female child presents to your clinic who has not reached early motor milestones, has abnormal muscle tone, and has altered movement patterns. Based on these findings what is a most likely diagnosis and what would be an appropriate system to use to classify this child? A. ASD, ADOS-2 B. Cerebral Palsy, Bayley-III C. Cerebral Palsy, GMFCS D. Myelodysplasia, ADOS-2
C
A male 13 year old child presents to your clinic with complaints of right LE pain. You notice that he has a limp that doesn't allow him to step very far with his left foot. Upon examination, you record the following pertinent information: he is able to stand for thirty seconds on either leg with no complaints of pain, he is able to perform 10 calf raises with his left leg and 3 calf raises with his right leg, and there are no complaints of pain when palpating around the knee. Based on this information, what is the most likely condition this child may have? A: Legg Calve Perthes B: Osgood Schlatter Syndrome C: Sever's Disease D: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
C
A mother brings her son Thomas to receive a PT evaluation as she noticed a limb that has progressively worsened over the last few months and he is unable to play soccer anymore which is his favorite sport. Upon evaluation, you note that Thomas, who is 8 years old active child, walks with a Trendelenburg pattern and describes pain from his L hip to his knee. He denies any specific MOI and there is a notable decrease in his L hip IR/ABD ROM. With this information you suspect Thomas has which of the following: a: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis b: Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip c: legg-calve perthes d: sever's disease
C
A mother notices that her 5-year-old son struggles when getting up from the floor. The boy goes from a quadruped position and then to his hands and feet. He then walks his hands up his legs to stand up straight. Select the answer that applies LEAST to the given scenario. A. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy B. Gower's sign C. Barlow Test D. Weakness of hip and thigh musculature
C
A parent brings their child into your clinic to have you look at the child's foot. Upon visual inspection the foot appears to normal except it has a curved lateral border and from inspection of the bottom of the foot appears to have a bean-like shape with the toes moving toward the mid-line. What are your next steps as the Physical Therapist? A. Nothing, toes are supposed to move toward the mid-line and all feet are bean shaped from the bottom. B. Immediate referral to the patients PCP since this could indicate something more sinister C. Evaluate further to include but not limited to examining the flexibility of the forefoot to see how much effort it takes to move the foot into a neutral position. D. Begin a stretching protocol and refer to a podiatrist for corrective shoes.
C
According to Campbell, children with cerebral palsy who will demonstrate a decline in GMF following their 7th birthday are: a: level 1 and 2 b: level 2 and 3 c: level 4 and 5 d: All levels will demonstrate a decline in GMF following their 7th birthday
C
All of the following are considered the best approaches to take when working with children that have autism spectrum disorder except? A. Encouraging cardiovascular fitness and weigh management B. Using a behavioral cognitive approach intervention program C. Placing the child in a group therapy program so he/she can meet other children with ASD D. Using an interdisciplinary approach with other professionals to best treat the child
C
All of the following are true in regards to Metatarsus Adductus expect: A. presents as an adducted forefoot, curved lateral border, and neutral heel B. A flexible classification reduces past midline with normal ROM C. Class II may treated with casting or surgery, corrective shoes D. A severe classification is rigid and not reducible, cannot get to midline
C
As you observed a 12 year-old male presenting to your clinic, you noticed he had a limp. Through questioning you find out he has pain in his hip and down through his thigh and knee. When measuring ROM, you noted decreased unilateral hip internal rotation, abduction, and flexion. What diagnosis is most likely? A) Fracture B) Osteochondritis Dissecans C) Legg-Calve Perthes D) SCFE
C
Based on research, which of the following would be the most beneficial intervention for a child with DCD? A.Practicing perceptual motor skills by stacking blocks. B. Practicing certain movement patterns with the child over and over so they can use them for future task. C. Practicing tying shoes and guiding child through the process with feedback. D. No intervention is needed. The child will grow out of DCD as he/she gets older.
C
Children are at higher risk for CMT (Congenital Muscular Torticollis) if their birth history includes 2+ of any of the below EXCEPT: A. Longer birth length B. Facial assymetry C. Lower birth weight D. Plagiocephaly
C
Cystic fibrosis is a common inherited disorder which results in a thick and sticky mucus clogging the lungs. What type of mutation results in cystic fibrosis development? A) gain of function B) loss of function C) single point D) somatic mosaicism
C
Each of the following are movement abnormalities associated with cerebral palsy EXCEPT ? A. Spasticity B. Ataxia C. Hypertonia D. Dyskinesia
C
It is the first day of kindergarten and as a physical therapist you are called in to assess a child with CP. The child is full of energy but is limited to a hand-held mobility device while indoors. The child uses a wheelchair to get from the classroom to other rooms within building but becomes fatigued when doing so. The child needs assistance when walking up the steps of the playground. Referring to the GMFCS, what level would you determine this child to be? a) Level 1 b) Level 2 c) Level 3 d) Level 4
C
Once a child is diagnosed with GMFCS level 2, what qualifies them to move down to level 1? a. age being birth-2 b. walking with a hand-held mobility device c. they will always be a level 2 d. age 6-12
C
One of the symptom categories for diagnosing a child with autism is the presence of repetitive behavior. This symptom includes all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. stereotyped repetitive speech, movements, and object play B. highly restrictive abnormal interest C. little adherence to routines and rituals D. hyper/hypo reactivity to sensory input
C
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is an inherited disorder of connective tissue that has great variability in its manifestations. Additionally, 11 different types of OI have been identified. Due to this immense variability, it will be crucial to make PT treatment especially specific to the child, their symptoms, and family. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be of top priority to consider when formulating a POC for a child with OI? A. Functional skills and ADL's. B. Energy conservation C. Fun during therapy sessions. D. Family education
C
The term for a common behavior problem when there is difficulty with transitions is: a: temper tantrum b: fit c: meltdown d: outburst
C
When diagnosing Myelodysplasia, which of the below would be the BEST diagnostic criteria: a: blood testing for maternal serum apha-fetoprotein b: lemon or banana sign found by ultrasonograpy c: amniocentesis d: child had hydrocephalus
C
Which child is most likely to diagnosed with Sever's Disease? A: 15 year old female soccer player that complains of "pain in the calf" over the musculotendinous junction. B: 6 year old male that complains of pain "in front of his knee" while running. C: 9 year old male that complains of pain on the heel when he jumps and lands during basketball practice. D: 10 year old female swimmer with complaints of "pain on the outside of her foot" after she fell and twisted her ankle on the pool deck.
C
Which of the 5 signs is NOT related to Torticollis? A. Plagiocephaly B. Frontal Bossing C. Gower's sign D. Craniosynostosis E. craniofacial asymmetry
C
Which of the following disorders would most likely qualify a child for special services under IDEA Part B? A. Osteogenesis Imperfecta B. Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis C. Developmental Coordination Disorder D. Arthrogryposis
C
Which of the following would be an appropriate goal for a 7 year old boy classified as GMFCS level III Cerebral Palsy? In 4 weeks child will be able to climb 10 stairs independently without holding onto railing in order to reach his 2nd floor bedroom In 6 weeks child will be able to hold head up against gravity for 5 mins at a time with minimal support in order to attend to teacher during class In 5 weeks child will be able to walk 200 feet on a level surface using a 4 wheeled walker with supervision order to move from classroom to classroom in the school hallways In 4 weeks child will be able to maneuver powered wheelchair independently up a 20' w/c ramp with 1 turn in order to enter the school building
C
You are creating a POC for your new pt who has been recently diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Which of the following would NOT be included in your POC? A. Night Splinting B. Breathing exercises C. Eccentric exercises D. ROM exercises
C
You are evaluating a 4 year old in your outpatient PT clinic. While interviewing the parents, they tell you that their child has "meltdowns", is hyperactive and inattentive, and a few nonfunctional rituals and routines. Which disorder are you suspecting this child has? A. Cerebral Palsy B. Myelodysplasia C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C
You are evaluating a child with the diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy and note that the initial brain injury happened in the basal ganglia. What movement abnormality would you expect to see? A) Ataxic B) Hypotonic C) Dyskinetic/Athetoid D) Spastic
C
You are performing an initial evaluation on a 2 month old infant. Upon interviewing the parents, you learn the infant had to be delivered via emergency c-section due to several complications. You also notice the infant is presenting with some facial asymmetries. Which of the following ROM would you want to make sure you include in your physical exam? A. Hip ROM, the infant is showing early signs of muscular dystrophy B. Shoulder ROM, the infant is showing early signs of a brachial plexus injury C. Neck ROM, the infant is showing early signs of congenital muscular toricollis D. Ankle ROM, the infant is showing early signs of metatarsus adductus
C
You are told your new born patient has Right CMT, what position do you expect the newborn to be positioned in when they are most comfortable? A: Left lateral cervical flexion and Left cervical rotation B: Right lateral cervical flexion and Right cervical rotation C: Right lateral cervical flexion and Left cervical rotation D: Left lateral cervical flexion and Right cervical rotation
C
You are working with a child who was diagnosed with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC). All of the following are important goals to consider when working with your patient EXCEPT: A. Promoting social relationships B. Assisting the child through problem solving C. Concentrating on their disability D. Educating for energy conservation
C
You have a new pediatric patient who was diagnosed with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Which of the following symptoms DOES NOT represent a primary clinical manifestation that this patient may exhibit? A) Muscle atrophy B) Joint swelling C) Decreased aerobic capacity D) Morning stiffness
C
You have an initial evaluation for a 7 month old child with a new onset of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Which of the following is true regarding his condition? a. He has SMA Type III b. Mortality is 1-10 years c. His SMA Type is initially progression then slowly progresses thereafter d. Is also called Werdnig-Hoffmann disease
C
You suspect that your patient has left CMT. What would be an appropriate strengthening strategy from a supine position? A. Strengthen the left SCM by distracting him with a toy so he rotates his head to the left. B. Strengthen the left SCM by distracting him with a toy so he rotates his head to the right. C. Strengthen the right SCM by distracting him with a toy so he rotates his head to the left. D. Strengthen the right SCM by distracting him with a toy so he rotates his head to the right.
C
What of the following is an incorrect milestone for a child diagnosed with Down Syndrome? A.14 months: Creep in quadruped B. 6 months: Rolls stomach to back C. 9 months: stands alone (10 seconds) D. 26 months: walks 15' alone
C. 9 months: stands alone (10 seconds)
Considering Physical therapy interventions with pediatric patients diagnosed with Osteogenesis Imperfecta, which of the following is most appropriate? A. Utilize traction such as pull to sit B. Keep child indoors in order to promote proper safety awareness C. Balance Muscle Strengthening with protection of joints and bones D. Conduct a sub maximal aerobic test
C. Balance Muscle Strengthening with protection of joints and bones
A 8-year old child presents to your clinic with Cerebral Palsy and after listening to the history provided by their parents and them you gather the following about the child: Uses methods of mobility that require assistance or powered mobility in most settings Able to walk for short distances sometimes at home with physical assistance, powered mobility, or a body support walker when positioned Are transported in a manual wheelchair or powered mobility at school, outdoors, and the community Based off this what would be the most appropriate classification for this child following the GMFCS system? A) Level 2 B) Level 5 C) Level 1 D) Level 4 E) Level 3
D
A new pediatric patient has Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, what would be the most appropriate interventions? Also based off of the statistics would you expect this patient to be a male or female? A) Female, An intervention plan consisting of family education, ROM/Stretching/night splinting, submaximal exercise that avoids fatigue and eccentric exercises but is functional based w/breathing exercises. B) Male, Eccentric exercises for mild fatigue followed by PROM exercises and breathing exercises w/family education on a home exercise program to finish up the treatment session. C) Female, educate the family on the benefits of casting during the day for their child and then take them through PROM/strengthening exercises they can do with their child that includes concentric and eccentric exercises. D) Male, An intervention plan consisting of family education, ROM/Stretching/night splinting, submaximal exercise that avoids fatigue and eccentric exercises but is functional based w/breathing exercises.
D
A newborn baby is diagnosed with Spina bifida with meningocele. Which of the following is true regarding this type of Spina bifida? a. It is classified as an Occulta form b. It is a closed lesion c. It is generally associated with paralysis. d. It is skin covered
D
All of the following are associated characteristics with Arthrogryposis except: A.) Scoliosis B.) Congenital Heart Disease C.) Respiratory Problems D.) Abnormal intelligence and speech
D
An infant who is 2 weeks old is diagnosed with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) comes to you with contractures in multiple areas. Where will the most severe contractures likely to be at given that the baby spends most of the time in the fetal position. A) TMJ, Talocrural, SIJ B) C-spine, T-spine, L-spine C) Knee, Elbow, Shoulder D)Foot, Hip, Wrist
D
Classic S/S of Muscular Dystrophy include all of the following except? A. pseudohypertrophy B. clumsiness, frequent falls, stumbling C. Gower's sign D. kyphosis
D
In your evaluation of an infant, you observe indications that a brachial plexus injury may be present as the baby holds his R arm against his chest and his MCP's appear flexed. Along with your suspicion of a brachial plexus injury, what other signs should you evaluate the baby for? A. "Waiter's tips" resting posture with suspicion of Erb's Palsy. B. Cervical lateral flexion and rotation with suspicion of Torticollis. C. enlarged calves with suspicion of Ducheene Muscular Dystrophy. D. ptosis, myosis, and deficient sweating with suspicion of Horner's Syndrome.
D
Julie is a 9 yo girl with CP. She requires physical assistance or powered mobility in most settings. While at home she can walk short distances with a body support walker and while at school she is uses a powered wheelchair. What Gross Motor Function Classification System level would Julie be placed in? A. GMFCS level 2 B. GMFCS level 3 C. GMFCS level 4 D. Julie is not within the age range for GMFCS classification
D
Referring to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), which of the following is True? A. ASD cannot be diagnosed before the age of 4. B. Roughly 20% of children with ASD prefer to walk on their heels. C. Research has been established that shows gluten free diets can be effective in treating the symptoms of ASD. D. Children with ASD can be very picky eaters and have meltdowns when they do not receive the food they want.
D
Stuart, a 6 year old boy, comes into your clinic with his family with the diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. He has been having difficulties with walking, especially up stairs and he also presents with generalized weakness and a wide based gait. When deciding on a treatment plan for Stuart, which of the following is an appropriate option for this specific child? A) Educate the family on how to modify the home to make certain ADLs easier, such as doorknob adapters, handlebars, and lifts. B) Exercise to increase strength and prevent muscle atrophy and emphasize eccentric exercises to further increase strength. C) Perform stretching in main muscle groups to prevent future contractures and educate patient and family members on breathing techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing in order to delay respiratory muscle involvement. D) A & C E) None of the above are appropriate treatments for this patient.
D
These are PT's role in genetic assessments except: A) assessing global motor delays B) refer child with global motor delays for genetic testing C) looking at child's physical characteristics D) all the above are true
D
What can you expect to see with performance in functional motor skills in a child with cerebral palsy with a Gross Motor Function Classification System Level II? A. Unable to climb stairs independently due to having to be transported via manual wheelchair B. May climb stairs holding onto a railing with supervision or assistance C. Can climb stairs without the use of a railing D. Can climb stairs holding onto a railing
D
When working with a child who has an autism spectrum disorder it is important to understand there are common co-occurring conditions associated that will impact PT care. Which is the following is NOT a common co-occurring disorder? A: Epilepsy B: Gastrointestinal disorders C: Obesity D: Anorexia
D
Which of the following are commonly seen impairments in those with Down Syndrome? A.) Joint hyper-mobility B.) Diastasis recti C.) Hypertonia D.) A and B E.) All the above
D
Which of the following is crucial when developing a plan of care for a patient with developmental coordination disorder? a. Bottom-up interventions including perceptual-motor training and sensory integration b. Top-down interventions including task-specific training and cognitive approaches c. Education of the child, their family, and their support team d. Both "b" and "c" e. All of the above
D
Which of the following is true regarding Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)? A) OI is a non-progressive, neuromuscular syndrome B) There are only two known types of OI, both typically resulting inability to ambulate C) Common characteristics of OI include joint swelling, joint pain and morning stiffness D) In severe cases of OI, bone fractures can result from normal, day-to-day activities
D
Which of the following is true regarding the condition Congenital Muscular Torticollis? a) CMT is named for the direction the head is rotated b) Physical therapy should manage both types of plagiocephaly, a condition often associated with CMT, with helmet therapy and contralateral SCM strengthening/conditioning c) CMT is the third most common MSK condition in newborns and the most severe sub type is muscular d) CMT presentation can be confused with Sandifer's Syndrome or GERD e) b and d are both true
D
You are assessing a child who has cerebral palsy with the Modified Ashworth Scale. You determine her right arm scores a 1+, her left arm scores a 1, her right leg scores a 2+ and her left leg scores a 2+. What body region would you classify as impaired and what movement abnormality is associated with this child's cerebral palsy? A. Quadriplegic, spastic B. Monoplegic, ataxic C. Diplegic, athetoid D. Diplegic, spastic
D
You are evaluating a patient that has a diagnosis of Osteogensis Imperfecta. Which of the following would not be considered a physical therapy consideration for this patient? A: Avoiding traction or dangling limbs B: Family education for handling, positioning, and carrying C: The classification type D: Genetic Counseling
D
You are evaluating a preschool aged child with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Upon meeting the child and beginning your observation and objective exam, you notice that the child appears to have low muscle tone throughout all 4 limbs but his lower extremities appear to be more affected than his upper extremities. What is your most likely classification based on these signs? A. spastic hemiplegia B. spastic quadriplegia C. hypotonic quadriplegia D. hypotonic diplegia
D
You are treating a 35yo woman for low back pain. She mentions she has not been sleeping well since her 3yo daughter is "so tiring." Upon further questioning you discover that the child does not like any noises and has melt downs whenever a plane flies over their house, which happens frequently since they live near an international airport. You also discover that she does not communicate her feelings well and generally does not like to talk. What should your next steps be a the mothers treating Physical Therapist. A. Drop the topic, her daughter is not your patient and you should leave this alone. B. Ask her to bring her daughter in so that you can test her for and most likely diagnose her with ADHD. C. Recommend that she bring these issues up to her daughters primary care physician during her next wellness check in around 6 months and leave it at that, since she is too young to be diagnosed with any learning disabilities at 3yo. D. Ask if she has talked to her physician about the possibility her daughter has an Autism Spectrum Disorder, and if not present her with the information, and offer assistance if needed.
D
You are treating a child who presents with Cerebral Palsy. Based off the evaluation, you determine that the child requires physical assistance or uses powered mobility in most settings but may walk for short distances at home with a body support walker when position. You have discussed with the child's parents and they report that at school, their child is transported in a manual wheelchair or uses powered mobility to get around. Based off of this information, what is the GMFCS level that this child displays and when would you expect this child's gross motor function to plateau? A. Level III, peak at 8 years old B. Level V, peak at 6.5 years old C. Level I, this child has already peaked somewhere between 3-6 years old D. Level IV, peak at 7 years old
D
You are working with an 8 year old patient with Developmental Coordination Disorder. They would like to feel more comfortable playing basketball during PE. Your written goal for them is to increase by 4 points on a 10 point scale of comfortability participating in basketball within one month. Underlying deficits include: a moderate balance deficit, severe bilateral Upper extremity coordination deficits, and mild reduced speed of visual processing. Which intervention is most indicated: A.Balance training on BOSU ball B. Hand coordination training, using cones to improve reaching and grasping C. Quick visual training, to increase speed of attentional shifting. D. Practice dribbling and shooting a basketball.
D
You have a 3 year old male patient that presents with enlarged caves, lordosis, progressive weakness of the neck and abs, a wide based gait, as well as a Gower's sign. All of the following are proper physical therapy interventions EXCEPT: A.) Breathing exercises B.) ROM and stretching C.) Submaximal, function based exercise D.) Eccentric exercise taking the patient to fatigue
D
You have a new consult with a 6 year old who has Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. You may expect any of the following signs EXCEPT: A. Swelling B. Warmth C. Loss of full ROM D. mid-range stress pain E. Stiffness
D
You notice an infant usually sits favoring one side, posture doesn't appear straight when sitting upright, flattened area of the left side of his head, and generally looks with his head tilted up and to the left. Which of the following could be a possible explanation? A. Sever's Disease B. Osgood Schlatter Syndrome C. Legg Calve Perthes D. Torticollis
D
which of the following is not an advantage of increased "tummy time" in infants? A) decreased pressure on skull B) neck flexor elongation C) strengthen neck and spine muscles D) better position for feeding
D
A patient presents with severe joint contractures, muscle weakness and fibrosis. Which diagnosis would you expect to see on this patient's chart? A. Fragile-X Syndrome B. William's Syndrome C. Osteogenesis Imperfecta D. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
D. Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita.
Which of the following would be consistent with a participation restriction for a child diagnosed developmental coordination disorder? A: The child has difficulty independently completing his own self care. B: The child displays reduced interest in physical activities leading to avoidance of sporting activities. C: The child has recently demonstrated greater anxiety. D: The child has decreased hip extensor strength bilaterally.
The correct answer is B.