PEDS - Test 1

The nurse knows that barriers to the adolescent's health and successful achievement of the tasks of adolescence exist. What is the major barrier to health for this population? A) Cultural B) Socioeconomic C) Marital status D) Racial

B

During a health check-up without his parents, a 17-year-old tells the nurse he is gay. Which approach should the nurse take? A) "Tell me what makes you think you are gay." B) "This puts you in an at-risk category." C) "We need to talk about safe sex." D) "You're not gay; you're confused."

A

The nurse is caring for a 7-year-old girl who is scheduled for a hernia repair and is very scared. Which fear would she also most likely have at this age? A) Fear of being kidnapped B) Fear of cutting her finger C) Fear of sudden loud noises D) Fear of the neighbor's dog

A

The nurse is using the formula for bladder capacity to measure the bladder capacity of a 9-year-old girl. What number would the nurse document for this measurement? A) 9 ounces B) 10 ounces C) 11 ounces D) 12 ounces

C

A 12-year-old boy reports to the nurse that he is one of the shortest kids in his class. He asks the nurse if he will ever grow. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? A) "At your age you are largely done growing taller." B) "Since you are the shortest now, you will likely always be the shortest in the class." C) "Boys do not have their growth spurt until about age 17." D) "There is no way to know how tall you will grow because you are still well within the window for growth."

D

The nurse is watching toddlers at play. Which normal behavior would the nurse observe? A) Toddlers engage in parallel play. B) Toddlers engage in solitary play. C) Toddlers engage in cooperative play. D) Toddlers do not engage in play outside the home

A

The nurse is assessing the developmental milestones of an infant. The infant was born 8 weeks ago and was 4 weeks premature. The nurse anticipates that the infant will be meeting milestones for what age of child? Record your answer in weeks

4

The mother of a 7-year-old girl tells the school nurse that her child is deathly afraid of going to school. What would be the best intervention the nurse could suggest in this situation? A) Return the child to school and investigate the cause of the fear. B) Have the child stay home from school until any issues causing this fear are resolved. C) Investigate a new school for the child to attend that the child will not be afraid of. D) Tell the child that privileges will be taken away if she does not return to school

A

The mother of an 8-year-old girl with a broken arm is the nurturer in the family. Which nursing activity should be focused on her? A) Teaching proper care procedures B) Dealing with insurance coverage C) Determining success of treatment D) Transmitting information to family members

A

The nurse is assessing the motor skills of a 5-year-old girl. Which finding would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Can copy a square on another piece of paper B) Can dress and undress herself without help C) Draws a person with three body parts D) Is beginning to tie her own shoelaces

C

The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old child hospitalized for internal injuries following a motor vehicle accident. For which medical treatment would the nurse ensure that an informed consent is completed beyond the one signed at admission? A) Diagnostic imaging B) Cardiac monitoring C) Blood testing D) Spinal tap

D

The school nurse is conducting vision screening for a 7-year-old girl and documents the condition 'amblyopia.' What would the nurse tell the parents about this condition? A) 'Amblyopia is an uncorrected refractive error of the eye.' B) 'Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye that has not been adequately used during early development.' C) 'Amblyopia is a malalignment of the eye, which occurs at birth.' D) 'Amblyopia is a clouding of the lens of the eye caused by trauma to the eye.

B

The school nurse is performing a physical examination on a 13-year-old boy who is on the soccer team. What is a physical quality that develops during these early adolescent years? A) Coordination B) Endurance C) Speed D) Accuracy

B

The nurse is caring for a 2-year-old girl who is wheezing and has difficulty breathing. Which interview question would provide the most useful information related to the symptoms of the child? A) Inquiring about child safety in the home B) Asking about the temperament of the child C) Asking about the child's diet D) Asking the parents if they smoke in the home

D

The school nurse knows that dating is a milestone for adolescents. Which statement accurately describes a trend in teen dating? A) Most late adolescents spend more time in activities with mixed-sex groups, such as dances and parties, than they do dating as a couple. B) Most teens have been involved in at least one romantic relationship by middle adolescence. C) Teens that date frequently report slightly lower levels of self-esteem and decreased autonomy. D) Homosexual behavior as a teen usually indicates that the adolescent will maintain a homosexual orientation.

B

The nurse is designing a nursing care plan for a toddler with lymphoma, who is hospitalized for treatment. What is a priority intervention that the nurse should include in this child's nursing plan? A) Limiting visitors to scheduled visiting hours B) Planning physical therapy for the child C) Introducing the toddler to other toddlers in the unit D) Monitoring the toddler for developmental delays

D

The school nurse knows that school-age children are developing metalinguistic awareness. Which is an example of this skill? A) The child enjoys reading books. B) The child enjoys conversations with peers. C) The child enjoys speaking on the phone. D) The child enjoys telling jokes.

D

The nurse is choosing foods for a toddler's diet that are high in vitamin A. What foods could be added to the menu? Select all that apply. A) Applesauce B) Avocados C) Broccoli D) Sweet potatoes E) Spinach F) Carrots

D, E, F

A mother brings her 6-year-old son in for a check-up because the child is reporting stomachaches. It is the beginning of the school year. What might the mother also mention? A) The child cries before going to school. B) The child made friends the first day of school. C) The child fights with siblings more often. D) The child loves the crowds in the lunchroom

A

What finding would the nurse most likely discover in a 10-year-old child in the period of concrete operational thought? A) Participation in abstract thinking B) Ability to classify similar objects C) Problem solving via the scientific method D) Ability to make independent decisions

B

When instructing the parents of a toddler about appropriate nutrition, what would the nurse recommend? A) About 12 to 16 ounces of fruit juice per day B) Approximately 16 to 24 ounces of milk per day C) Fat intake of 30% to 40% of total calories D) An average of 10 to 12 grams of fiber per day

B

When providing anticipatory guidance to a group of parents with school-aged children, what would the nurse describe as the most important aspect of social interaction? A) School B) Peer relationships C) Family D) Temperament

B

Which food suggestion would be most appropriate for the mother of a preschooler to ensure an adequate intake of calcium? A) Spinach B) White beans C) Enriched bread D) Fortified cereal

B

Which reflex, if found in a 4-month-old infant, would cause the nurse to be concerned? A) Plantar grasp B) Step C) Babinski D) Neck righting

B

The nurse is discussing ways to promote discipline with parents who are becoming increasingly frustrated with their teenager. What would the nurse identify as most important? A) Establish rules and expectations. B) Collaborate to determine consequence. C) Make your responses consistent. D) Explain the rules to the adolescent

C

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 10-year-old boy. The nurse notes that during last year's check-up the child weighed 80 pounds. According to average growth for this age group, what would be his expected current weight? A) 81 pounds B) 85 pounds C) 87 pounds D) 89 pounds

C

The nurse is performing risk assessments on adolescents in the school setting. Which teen should the nurse screen for hypertension? A) An Asian female B) A white male C) An African American male D) A Jewish male

C

The nurse is promoting learning and school attendance to a 13-year-old girl. Which factor will affect the child's attitude most? A) Her parents' values and desires B) The dramatic changes to her body C) Peer group behaviors and attitudes D) Desire for attention from boys

C

The nurse is providing guidance after observing a mother interact with her negative 2-year-old boy. For which interaction will the nurse advise the mother that she is handling the negativism properly? A) Telling the child to stop tearing pages from magazines B) Asking the child if he would please quit throwing toys C) Telling the child firmly that we don't scream in the office D) Saying, "Please come over here and sit in this chair. OK?"

C

The nurse is providing suggestions to a female adolescent about foods to help meet her nutritional requirements for iron. Which food would the nurse suggest as a good source of iron? A) Broccoli B) Yogurt C) Peanut butter D) White beans

C

The nurse is supervising lunch time for children on a pediatric ward. Which observation is considered abnormal for this age group? A) The child has a full set of primary teeth. B) The child has no difficulty chewing and swallowing meat. C) The child uses his fingers and refuses to use a fork. D) The child is a picky eater.

C

A 10-year-old girl is living with a foster family. Which intervention is the priority for the child in this family structure? A) Determining if the child is being bullied at school B) Dealing with mixed expectations of parents C) Establishing who is the child's actual caretaker D) Performing a comprehensive health assessment

D

A 6-month-old girl weighs 14.7 pounds during a scheduled check-up. Her birth weight was 8 pounds. What is the priority nursing intervention? A) Talking about solid food consumption B) Discouraging daily fruit juice intake C) Increasing the number of breastfeedings D) Discussing the child's feeding patterns

D

A child needs a consent form signed for a minor surgical procedure. Which statement accurately describes the responsibilities of the health care providers when obtaining the consent? A) The physician is responsible for ensuring that the consent form is completed with signatures from the parents or legal guardians. B) The physician is responsible for serving as a witness to the signature process. C) The nurse is responsible for informing the child and family about the procedure and obtaining consent. D) The nurse is responsible for determining that the parents or legal guardians understand what they are signing by asking them pertinent questions.

D

A mother is concerned about her infant's spitting up. Which suggestion would be most appropriate? A) "Put the infant in an infant seat after eating." B) "Limit burping to once during a feeding." C) "Feed the same amount but space out the feedings." D) "Keep the baby sitting up for about 30 minutes afterward."

D

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old girl how to deal with common toddler situations. Which is the best advice? A) Discipline the child for regressive behavior. B) Scold the child for public thumb sucking. C) Tell the older sibling to not act like a baby. D) Have the child help clean up a bowel accident

D

Based on Erikson's developmental theory, what is the major developmental task of the adolescent? A) Gaining independence B) Finding an identity C) Coordinating information D) Mastering motor skills

B

After teaching a group of parents about language development in toddlers, what if stated by a member of the group indicates successful teaching? A) "When my 3-year-old asks 'why?' all the time, this is completely normal." B) "A 15-month-old should be able to point to his eyes when asked to do so." C) "At age 2 years, my son should be able to understand things like under or on." D) "An 18-month-old would most likely use words and gestures to communicate."

A

After teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about safety, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching? A) "She can ride in the front seat of the car once she is 10 years old." B) "We need to buy her a helmet so she can ride her scooter." C) "She should ride her bike with the traffic on the side of the road." D) "We signed her up for swim lesions at the local community center

A

The mother of a 14-year-old girl complains to the nurse that her daughter is moody, shuts herself in her room, and fights with her younger sister. Which comment is most valuable to the mother? A) "Calmly talk to her about your concerns." B) "This is normal for her age." C) "She may be hanging with a bad crowd." D) "Set some rules for family etiquette."

A

The nurse explains to parents of school-age children that according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, their child is at the conventional stage of moral development. What is the motivation for school-age children to follow rules? A) They follow rules out of a sense of being a 'good person.' B) They follow rules out of fear of being punished. C) They follow rules in order to receive praise from caretakers. D) They follow rules because it is in their nature to do so.

A

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old girl posttonsillectomy. The girl looks out the window and tells the nurse that it is raining and says, "The sky is crying because it is sad that my throat hurts." The nurse understands that the girl is demonstrating which mental process? A) Magical thinking B) Centration C) Transduction D) Animism

A

The nurse is caring for a premature baby in the NICU. The mother reports that the infant's normally happy and outgoing 5-year-old sister is acting sad and withdrawn. The nurse understands that due to her developmental stage, the girl is at risk of what happening? A) Viewing her baby sister's illness as her fault B) Harming the baby C) Experiencing clinical depression D) Creating an imaginary friend to cope with the situation

A

The nurse is conducting a well-child assessment for a 5-year-old boy in preparation for kindergarten. The boy's grandmother is his primary caregiver because the boy's mother has suffered from depression and substance abuse issues. The nurse understands that the child is at increased risk for which developmental problem? A) Lack of social and emotional readiness for school B) Stuttering C) Speech and language delays D) Fine motor skills delay

A

The nurse is explaining to parents that the preschooler's developmental task is focused on the development of initiative rather than guilt. What is a priority intervention the nurse might recommend for parents of preschoolers to stimulate initiative? A) Reward the child for initiative in order to build self-esteem. B) Change the routine of the preschooler often to stimulate initiative. C) Do not set limits on the preschooler's behavior as this results in low self-esteem. D) As a parent, decide how and with whom the child will play

A

The nurse is helping the parents and their underweight adolescent collaborate on planning a healthy menu. Of which nutritional requirement of adolescents should the nurse be aware? A) Teenagers have a need for increased calories, zinc, calcium, and iron for growth. B) Teenage girls who are active require about 1,800 calories per day. C) Teenage boys who are active require between 2,000 and 2,500 calories per day. D) Adolescents require about 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium each day

A

The nurse is interviewing a 3-year-old girl who tells the nurse: 'Want go potty.' The parents tell the nurse that their daughter often speaks in this type of broken speech. What would be the nurse's appropriate response to this concern? A) 'This is a normal, common speech pattern in the 3-year-old and is called telegraphic speech.' B) 'This is considered a developmental delay in the 3-year-old and we should consult a speech therapist.' C) 'This is a condition known as echolalia and can be corrected if you work with your daughter on language skills.' D) 'This is a condition known as stuttering and it is a normal pattern of speech development in the toddler.'

A

The nurse is performing an annual check-up for an 8-year-old child. Compared to the previous assessment of this child, which characteristic would most likely be observed? A) Breathing is diaphragmatic. B) Pulse rate is increased. C) Secondary sex characteristics are present. D) Blood pressure has reached adult level

A

The nurse is preparing a class for a group of adolescents about promoting safety. What would the nurse plan to include as the leading cause of adolescent injuries? A) Motor vehicles B) Firearms C) Water D) Fires

A

The nurse is providing teaching about accidental poisoning to the family of a 3-year-old. The nurse understands that a child of this age is at increased risk of accidental ingestion due to which sensory alteration? A) A less discriminating sense of taste B) A lack of fully developed hearing C) Visual acuity that has not fully developed D) A less discriminating sense of touch

A

The nurse is teaching the parents of an overweight 18-month-old girl about diet. Which intervention will be most effective for promoting proportionate growth? A) Remove high-calorie, low-nutrient foods from the diet. B) Ensure 30 minutes of unstructured activity per day. C) Avoid sharing your snacks and candy with the child. D) Reduce the amount of high-fat food the child eats

A

The nurse knows that the school-age child is in Erikson's stage of industry versus inferiority. Which best examplifies a school-ager working toward accomplishing this developmental task? A) The child signs up for after-school activities. B) The child performs his bedtime preparations autonomously. C) The child becomes aware of the opposite sex. D) The child is developing a conscience.

A

The nurse observing toddlers in a day care center notes that they may be happy and pleasant one moment and overreact to limit setting the next minute by throwing a tantrum. What is the focus of the toddler's developmental task that is driving this behavior? A) The need for separation and control B) The need for love and belonging C) The need for safety and security D) The need for peer approval

A

The nurse teaches parents of adolescents that adolescents need the support of parents and nurses to facilitate healthy lifestyles. What should be a priority focus of this guidance? A) Reducing risk-taking behavior B) Promoting adequate physical growth C) Maximizing learning potential D) Teaching personal hygiene routines

A

The parents of a 1-year-old girl, both of whom have perfect teeth, are concerned about their child getting dental caries. Which is the best advice the nurse can provide? A) Tell the parents to limit the child's eating to meal and snack times. B) Urge the parents to take the child to a dentist for a check-up. C) Advise the parents to reduce carbohydrates in the child's diet. D) Advise the parents to use fluoride toothpaste

A

The parents of a 4-year-old who is a picky eater ask the nurse what foods to include in their child's diet to provide adequate iron consumption. Which food would the nurse recommend? A) Cooked lentils B) Whole milk C) Oranges D) Sweet potatoes

A

When observing a group of preschoolers at play in the clinic waiting room, which type of play would the nurse be least likely to note? A) Parallel play B) Cooperative play C) Dramatic play D) Fantasy play

A

When providing anticipatory guidance to parents about their preschool son who was caught in a lie, what would the nurse emphasize? A) "You need to determine the reason for lying before punishing the child." B) "Lying should never be tolerated and the child should be punished." C) "The misbehavior is usually more serious than the lying itself." D) "It is okay to become angry when dealing with the child's lying."

A

The school nurse is preparing a program on sexuality and birth control for a class of 14- to 16-year-olds. Which behavior will have the most influence on how the information is presented? A) Teens are adjusting to new body images. B) Adolescents tend to take risks. C) Teenagers are able to think in the abstract. D) Adolescents understand that actions have consequences

B

The nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a preschooler. What are normal activities characteristic of the preschooler? Select all that apply. A) Plans activities and makes up games B) Initiates activities with others C) Acts out roles of other people D) Engages in parallel play with peers E) Classifies or groups objects by their common elements F) Understands relationships among objects

A, B, C

The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment on a 16 year-old client. Which behaviors demonstrated will the nurse identify as middle formal operational, according to Piaget's theory? Select all that apply. A) Reporting that he smokes marijuana occasionally. B) Wanting to make decisions about health care independently C) Being very concerned with implications of the Affordable Care Act regarding health care benefits D) Wanting their friends to visit them in the hospital more than their parents E) Difficulty understanding the implications their diagnosis might present

A, B, C

The nurse is caring for preschoolers in a day care center. For this age group, of what developmental milestones should the nurse be aware? Select all that apply. A) Counting 10 or more objects B) Correctly naming at least four colors C) Understanding the concept of time D) Knowing everyday objects E) Understanding the differences of others F) Forming concepts as logical as an adult's

A, B, C, D

The school nurse providing school health screenings knows that the 7- to 11-year-old is in Piaget's stage of concrete operational thoughts. What should this age group accomplish when developing operations? Select all that apply. A) Ability to assimilate and coordinate information about the world from different dimensions B) Ability to see things from another person's point of view and think through an action C) Ability to use stored memories of past experiences to evaluate and interpret present situations D) Ability to think about a problem from all points of view, ranking the possible solutions while solving the problem E) Ability to think outside of the present and incorporate into thinking concepts that do exist as well as concepts that might exist F) Ability to understand the principle of conservation—that matter does not change when its form changes

A, B, C, F

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 4-year-old boy about the normal maturation of the child's organs during the preschool years and their effect on body functions. Which statements accurately describe these changes? Select all that apply. A) Myelination of the spinal cord allows for bowel and bladder control to be complete in most children by age 3 years. B) The respiratory structures are continuing to grow in size, and the number of alveoli continues to increase, reaching the adult number at about 7 years of age. C) Heart rate increases and blood pressure decreases slightly during the preschool years; an innocent heart murmur may be heard upon auscultation. D) The bones continue to increase in length and the muscles continue to strengthen and mature; however, the musculoskeletal system is still not fully mature. E) The small intestine is continuing to grow in length, and stool passage usually occurs once or twice per day in the average preschooler. F) The urethra remains long in both boys and girls, making them more susceptible to urinary tract infections than adults

A, B, D, E

The school nurse is helping parents choose books for their preschoolers. What literacy skills present in the preschooler would the nurse consider when making choices? Select all that apply. A) Preschoolers enjoy books with pictures that tell stories. B) Preschoolers like stories with repeated phrases as they help keep their attention. C) Preschoolers like stories that describe experiences different from their own. D) Preschoolers demonstrate early literacy skills by reciting stories or portions of books. E) Preschoolers may retell the story from the book, pretend to read books, and ask questions about the story. F) Preschoolers do not have enough focus and expanded attention to notice when a page is skipped during reading.

A, B, D, E

The school nurse is teaching parents risk factors for suicide in adolescents. What would the nurse discuss? Select all that apply. A) Mental health changes B) History of previous suicide attempt C) Higher socioeconomic status D) Greatly improved school performance E) Family disorganization F) Substance abuse

A, B, E, F

When assessing adolescents for health risks, the nurse must keep in mind the factors related to the prevalence of adolescent injuries. What accurately describes these factors? Select all that apply. A) Increased physical growth B) Insufficient psychomotor coordination C) Tiredness, lack of energy D) Lack of impulsivity E) Peer pressure F) Inexperience

A, B, E, F

The school nurse is conducting a seminar for parents of adolescents on how to communicate with teenagers. Which guidelines might the nurse recommend? Select all that apply. A) Talk face to face and be aware of body language. B) Ask questions to see why he or she feels that way. C) Do not give praise unless the adolescent deserves it. D) Speak to your child as an authority figure, not an equal. E) Don't admit that you make mistakes. F) Don't pretend you know all the answers

A, B, F

A 12-year-old girl is experiencing prepubescence, and tells the school nurse that she feels "very out of place" in her school. What would be acceptable responses by the nurse? Select all that apply. A) "It must be difficult for you. Why don't you sit down and we can talk about it." B) "I would suggest that you talk to your parents about your feelings. This isn't something that I can talk to you about." C) "All of the girls and boys will be going through the same thing as you so that should make you feel a little better." D) "Tell me how this makes you feel. Talking about your feelings may help you feel better about school." E) "I went through the same thing when I was in school. I know it doesn't feel like it now but I promise it will get easier."

A, D

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a preschooler regarding sex education. What is a recommended guideline when dealing with this issue? A) Be prepared to thoroughly cover a topic before the child asks about it. B) Before answering questions, find out what the child thinks about the subject. C) Expand upon the topic when answering questions to prevent further confusion. D) Provide a less than honest response to shelter the child from knowledge that is too advanced.

B

After assessing a 10-year-old girl, the nurse documents the appearance of breast buds, identifying this as what body change? A) Menarche B) Thelarche C) Puberty D) Tanner stage 5

B

During a health history, the nurse explores the sleeping habits of a 3-year-old boy by interviewing his parents. Which statement from the parents reflects a recommended guideline for promoting healthy sleep in this age group? A) 'Our son sleeps through the night, and we insist that he takes two naps a day.' B) 'We keep a strict bedtime ritual for our son, which includes a bath and bedtime story.' C) 'Our son still sleeps in a crib because we feel it is the safest place for him at night.' D) 'Our son occasionally experiences night walking so we allow him to stay up later when this happens.'

B

The mother of a 12-year-old boy is talking with the school nurse about her son's clumsiness. She reports that he seems to fall a lot, his writing is horrible, and as much as he practices he can't play his guitar very well. How should the nurse respond to the mother? A) "Boys tend to take a bit longer than girls to mature." B) "Have you spoken with your pediatrician about your observations?" C) "Boys tend to refine their fine motor skills by this age." D) "I will make a note of your observations and talk to his teachers."

B

The mother of a 5-year-old boy calls the nurse and seeks advice on how to assist the child with the recent death of his paternal grandfather. The boy keeps asking when his grandpa is coming back. How should the nurse respond? A) "It is best to just ignore this and to not respond to his questions." B) "This is normal; children his age do not understand the permanence of death." C) "You have to keep repeating that his grandfather is never coming back." D) "He will eventually figure this out on his own."

B

The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old boy who has missed some developmental milestones. Which finding will point to the cause of motor skill delays? A) The mother is suffering from depression. B) The child is homeless and has no toys. C) The mother describes an inadequate diet. D) The child is unperturbed by a loud noise

B

The nurse is conducting a well-child examination of a 5-year-old girl, who was 40 inches tall at her last examination at age 4. Which height measurement would be within the normal range of growth expected for a preschooler? A) 41 inches B) 43 inches C) 45 inches D) 47 inches

B

The nurse is counseling parents of a picky eater on how to promote healthy eating habits in their child. Which intervention would be appropriate advice? A) Allow the child to pick out his or her own foods for meals. B) Present the food matter-of-factly and allow the child to choose what to eat. C) Offer high-fat snacks if the child does not eat to get them to eat something. D) Offer the child a special treat if he or she eats all the food on the plate.

B

The nurse is performing a physical examination of an 11-year-old girl. What observations would be expected? A) The child has not gained weight since last year. B) The child has grown 2.5 inches since last year. C) The child breathes abdominally. D) The child's third molars are about to erupt

B

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance for parents of a school-age child on teaching the dangers of drugs and alcohol. What advice might be helpful for these parents? A) School-age children are not ready to absorb information that deals with drugs and alcohol. B) School-age children can think critically to interpret messages seen in advertising, media, and sports. C) Parents must prevent their child from being exposed to messages that are in conflict with their values. D) Discussions with children need to be based on facts and focused on the past and future

B

The nurse is talking with a chatty 7-year-old girl during her regular check-up. Which behaviors would the child also be expected to exhibit? A) Showing no interest in what the nurse sees in her ears B) Explaining what is right and what is wrong C) Demonstrating independence from her mother D) Showing no concern when the nurse hurts her own finger

B

The nurse is teaching good sleep habits for toddlers to the mother of a 3-year-old boy. Which response indicates the mother understands sleep requirements for her son? A) "I'll put him to bed at 7 p.m., except Friday and Saturday." B) "He needs 12 hours of sleep per day including his nap." C) "I need to put the side down on the crib so he can get out." D) "His father can give him a horseback ride into his bed."

B

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 12-year-old boy about appropriate approaches when raising an adolescent. Which comment should be included in the discussion? A) "Find out if his friends are worthy of him." B) "Try to be open to his views." C) "Maintain a firm set of rules." D) "Remind him that he is still your little boy."

B

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 9-year-old girl about the socialization that is occurring in their child through school contacts. Which information would the nurse include in her teaching plan? A) Teachers are the most influential people in the development of the school-age child's social network. B) Continuous peer relationships provide the most important social interaction for school-age children. C) Parents should establish norms and standards that signify acceptance or rejection. D) A characteristic of school-age children is their formation of groups with no rules and values involved

B

The parents of a 2-year-old girl are frustrated by the frequent confrontations they have with their child. Which is the best anticipatory guidance the nurse can offer to prevent confrontations? A) "Respond in a calm but firm manner." B) "You need to adhere to various routines." C) "Put her in time-out when she misbehaves." D) "It's important to toddler-proof your home."

B

The parents of a 4-year-old ask the nurse when their child will be able to differentiate right from wrong and develop morals. What would be the best response of the nurse? A) 'The preschooler has no sense of right and wrong.' B) 'The preschooler is developing a conscience.' C) 'The preschooler sees morality as internal to self.' D) 'The preschooler's morals are their own, right or wrong.'

B

The parents of a 5-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son is having frequent episodes of night terrors. Which of the following statements would indicate that the boy is having nightmares instead of night terrors? A) "It usually happens about an hour after he falls asleep." B) "He will tell us about what happened in his dream." C) "He is completely unaware that we are there." D) "When we try to comfort him, he screams even more."

B

The nurse assesses the spirituality of an adolescent. What are normal moral and spiritual milestones in this age group? Select all that apply. A) Adolescents will base their actions on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of pleasure. B) Adolescents develop their own set of morals and values and question the status quo. C) Adolescents undergo the process of developing their own set of morals at different rates. D) Adolescents are more interested in the spiritualism of their religion than in the actual practices of their religion. E) Adolescents can understand the concepts of right and wrong and are developing a conscience. F) Adolescents are able to understand and incorporate into their behavior the concept of the "golden rule."

B, C, D

The pediatric nurse is aware of the maturation of organ systems in the school-age child. What accurately describes these changes? Select all that apply. A) The brain grows very slowly during the school-age years and growth is complete by the time the child is 12 years of age. B) Respiratory rates decrease, abdominal breathing disappears, and respirations become diaphragmatic in nature. C) The school-age child's blood pressure increases and the pulse rate decreases, and the heart grows more slowly during the middle years. D) The school-age child experiences more gastrointestinal upsets compared with earlier years since the stomach capacity increases. E) Bladder capacity increases, but varies among individual children, and girls generally have a greater bladder capacity than boys. F) Prepubescence typically occurs in the 2 years before the beginning of puberty and is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics

B, C, E, F

The nurse is helping parents prepare a healthy meal plan for their toddler. Which guidelines for promoting nutrition should be followed when planning meals? Select all that apply. A) The child younger than 2 years of age should have his or her fat intake restricted. B) Extending breastfeeding into toddlerhood is believed to be beneficial to the child. C) Weaning from the bottle should occur by 6 to 12 months of age. D) Adequate calcium intake and appropriate exercise lay the foundation for proper bone mineralization. E) The toddler requires an average intake of 500 mg calcium per day. F) Toddlers tend to have the highest daily iron intake of any age group

B, D, E

The parents of a preschooler ask the nurse to help them choose a preschool for their child. What are recommended guidelines and goals for choosing a preschool? Select all that apply. A) The main goal of preschool is to improve reading and writing skills and readiness for entering into grade school. B) When selecting a preschool the parent may want to consider the accreditation of the school and the teachers' qualifications. C) The teachers should decide how focused on curriculum the school should be for each individual student. D) The parent should observe the classroom, evaluating the environment, noise level, and sanitary practices. E) The type of discipline used in the school is also an important factor. Parents should choose a preschool that uses corporal punishment. F) The parent should observe the classroom to determine how the children interact with each other and how the teachers interact with the children.

B, D, F

A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl. The mother says that the girl is afraid of cats and dogs and does not like to go to the playground anymore because she wants to avoid the dogs that are often being walked at the park. What should the nurse tell the mother? A) "It is best to avoid the playground until she outgrows the fear." B) "She needs to face her fears head-on; take her to the park as much as possible." C) "Acknowledge her fear and help her develop a strategy for dealing with it." D) "Try to minimize her fears and insist that she go to the park."

C

During a health maintenance visit, a 15-year-old girl mentions that she is not happy with being overweight. Which approach is best for the nurse to take? A) "Good observation. Let's talk about diet and exercise." B) "Don't worry; you are within the weight and height guidelines." C) "What specifically have you been noticing?" D) "Tell me about your parents. Are they overweight?"

C

The nurse has determined that an 8-year-old girl is at risk for being overweight. Which intervention would be a priority prior to developing the care plan? A) Determining the need for additional caloric intake B) Asking the parents who they want to work with the child C) Interviewing the parents about their eating habits D) Discussing the influence of peers on the child's diet

C

The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers? A) Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minute B) Eruption of last four molars C) Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths D) Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands

C

The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old boy's development during a well-child visit. Which response by the child indicates the need for further assessment? A) He says a swear word when he hurts himself playing. B) He says "pew" when his sister has soiled her diaper. C) He laughs when his brother cries getting vaccinated. D) He constantly asks "why?" whenever he is told a fact

C

The nurse is assessing the gross motor skills of an 8-year-old boy. Which of interview question would facilitate this assessment? A) 'Do you like to do puzzles?' B) 'Do play any instruments?' C) 'Do you participate in any sports?' D) 'Do you like to construct models?

C

The nurse is counseling the parents of a 10-year-old child who was caught stealing at school. Which topic should the nurse cover? A) Having the child return the property in front of his or her class B) Discussing ways for the child to save face C) Finding out what is currently going on at home D) Reminding the child daily that stealing is wrong

C

The nurse is teaching parents interventions appropriate to the emotional development of their toddlers. What is a recommended intervention for this age group? A) Remove children's security blankets at this stage to help them assert their autonomy. B) Distract toddlers from exploring their own body parts, particularly their genitals. C) Do not blame toddlers for aggressive behavior; instead, point out the results of their behavior. D) Offer toddlers many choices to foster control over their environment

C

The nurse is teaching parents to plan nutritional meals for their 7-year-old son who is overweight. Which guideline might the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) School-age children with an average body weight of 20 to 35 kg need approximately 90 calories per kilogram daily. B) The average water requirement for a school-age child per 24 hours ranges from 2,000 to 2,500 mL per day. C) The school-age child needs 28 g of protein and 800 mg of calcium for maintenance of growth and good nutrition. D) In the school-age child, calories needed to sustain weight increase, while the appetite decreases

C

The nurse is testing the sensory development of a toddler brought to the clinic for a well visit. What might alert the nurse to a potential problem with the child's sensory development? A) The toddler places the nurse's stethoscope in his mouth. B) The toddler's vision tests at 20/50 in both eyes. C) The toddler does not respond to commands whispered in his ear. D) The toddler's taste discrimination is not at adult levels yet.

C

The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned that their son is too short for his age. The nurse measures the child's height at 40 inches (101.6 cm). How should the nurse respond? A) "Some children are short for their age during the preschool years but usually catch up during early childhood." B) "Are most of the adults in your family short? It may be hereditary that your child will be shorter than average." C) "The average height for a 5-year-old is 43 inches tall (118.5cm), so your son is within the normal range for height." D) "I am sure his height is a concern, but if you start choosing nutrient-dense foods he will likely catch up to normal in height."

C

The parents of a preschooler express concern to the nurse about their son's new habit of masturbating. What is an appropriate response to this concern? A) Tell the child in a firm manner that this behavior is not acceptable. B) When the child displays this behavior, place him in a 'time-out.' C) Treat the action in a matter-of-fact manner emphasizing safety. D) Consult a psychotherapist to determine the reason for this behavior

C

The school nurse is performing health assessments on students in middle school. Of what developmental milestone should the nurse be aware? A) Height in girls increases rapidly after menarche and usually ceases immediately after menarche. B) Boys' growth spurts usually begin between the ages of 8 and 14 years and end between the ages of 13 1 / 2 and 17 1 / 2 years. C) Peak height velocity (PHV) occurs at approximately 12 years of age in girls or about 6 to 12 months after menarche. D) Boys reach PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) at about 16 years of age

C

When describing the various changes that occur in organ systems during adolescence, what would the nurse include? A) Significant increase in brain size B) Ossification completed later in girls C) Decrease in heart rate D) Decrease in activity of sebaceous glands

C

During a well-child check-up, the parents of a 9-year-old boy tell the nurse that their son's friends told him that soccer is a stupid game, and now he wants to play baseball. Which comment by the nurse best explains the effects of peer groups? A) "The child's best friends will continue playing soccer." B) "The children will cheer for each other regardless of the sport being played." C) "Your child will rarely talk to you about his friends." D) "Acceptance by friends, especially of the same sex, is very important at this age."

D

The adolescent continues to develop self-concept and self-esteem. What is most important to a teen's self-esteem? A) Strong authority figures B) Spirituality C) Morals and values D) Body image

D

The mother of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that her son occasionally wets his pants during the day. How should the nurse respond? A) "Is there a family history of diabetes?" B) 'Suddenly having accidents can be a sign of diabetes." C) "That's normal; don't worry about it." D) "Tell me about the circumstances when this occurs."

D

The nurse emphasizes that a toddler younger than the age of 18 months should never be spanked primarily for which reason? A) Spanking in a child this age predisposes the child to a pro-violence attitude. B) The child will become resentful and angry, leading to more outbursts. C) Spanking demonstrates a poor model for problem-solving skills. D) There is an increased risk for physical injury in this age group.

D

The nurse is developing a nursing care plan for a hospitalized 6-year-old. Which behavior would warrant nursing intervention? A) The child pretends he is talking to an imaginary friend when the nurse addresses the child. B) The child states that her fairy godmother is going to come and take her home. C) The child starts talking about his grandmother and then quickly changes the subject to a new toy he received. D) The child does not want to play games with other children on the hospital ward.

D

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for toddler safety to present at a parenting seminar. Which safety intervention should the nurse address? A) Encourage parents to enroll toddlers in swimming classes to avoid the need for constant supervision around water. B) Advise parents to keep pot handles on stoves turned outward to avoid accidental burns. C) Encourage parents to smoke only in designated rooms in the house or outside the house. D) Advise parents to use a forward-facing car seat with harness straps and a clip, placed in the backseat of the car

D

The nurse is performing an assessment of the reproductive system of a 17-year-old girl. What would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this girl? A) Areola and papilla separate from the contour of the breast B) Mature distribution and coarseness of pubic hair C) Developed breast tissue D) Occurrence of first menstrual period

D

The nurse is promoting nutrition to a 13-year-old boy who is overweight. Which comment should the nurse expect to include in the discussion? A) "You need to go on a low-fat diet." B) "Eat what your parents eat." C) "Go out for a sport at school." D) "Keep a food diary."

D

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of an 18-month-old girl. Which guidance will be most helpful for toilet teaching? A) Telling them either one may demonstrate toilet use B) Assuring them that bladder control occurs first C) Telling them that curiosity is a sure sign of readiness D) Advising them to use praise, not scolding

D

The nurse is providing teaching about car safety to the parents of a 5-year-old girl who weighs 45 pounds. What should the nurse instruct the parents to do? A) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the front seat." B) "Place her in the back seat with the lap and shoulder belts in place." C) "Place her in a forward-facing car seat with a harness and top tether." D) "Place her in a booster seat with lap and shoulder belts in the back seat."

D

The nurse of a preschool child is helping parents develop a healthy meal plan for their child. What nutritional requirements for this age group should the nurse consider? A) The 3- to 5-year-old requires 300 to 500 mg calcium and 10 mg iron daily. B) The 3-year-old should consume 10 mg dietary fiber daily. C) The 4- to 8-year-old requires 15 mg dietary fiber per day. D) The typical preschooler requires about 85 kcal/kg of body weight

D

The nurse teaching safety to teens knows that which of these is the leading cause of death among adolescents? A) Drowning B) Poisoning C) Diseases D) Unintentional injuries

D

The parents of an 8-year-old boy are interested in promoting learning through reading to their son. Which suggestion by the nurse would best promote this goal? A) Have the parents choose what he should read initially. B) Tell the child to read instead of watching TV with his parents. C) Tell the parents that reading is for the child to do by himself. D) Take the child to the library to check out some books

D

The school nurse is preparing a talk on the influence of the media on school-age children to present at the next PTO meeting. Which fact might the nurse include in the introduction? A) Children in the United States spend about 6 hours a day either watching TV or playing video games. B) A child will see 2,000 murders by the end of grade school and 20,000 commercials a year. C) A school-age child cannot determine what is real from what is fantasy; therefore, TV and video games can lead to aggressive behavior. D) Parents should limit television watching and video-game playing to 2 hours per day

D

The school nurse is teaching parents about the effects of bullying on school children. What accurately describes this developmental concern? A) Children who bully are those who report themselves as being lonely and having difficulty in forming friendships. B) Children with health issues, such as, disabilities, obesity and food allergies, are at a decreased risk of being bullied. C) In general, about 20% of all children attending school are frightened and afraid most of the day. D) Both boys and girls are bullied; boys usually bully boys and use force more often

D

Two working parents are discussing with the school nurse the possibility of their 12-year-old girl going home alone after school. What suggestion should the nurse make? A) Provide entertainment until the parents come home. B) Allow the child to go to a friend's house. C) Teach her how to take a message if someone calls. D) Purchase caller ID for the phone.

D

Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage? A) Displays of animism B) Use of active imaginations C) Understanding of opposites D) Beginning questioning of parents' values

D

A mother confides to the nurse that she is thinking of divorce. Which suggestion by the nurse would help minimize the effects on the child? A) "Tell the child together using appropriate terms." B) "Reassure him that no one loves him more than you." C) "Do special things with him to make up for the divorce." D) "Share your feelings with the child."

A

A new mother expresses concern to the nurse that her baby is crying and grunting when passing stool. What is the nurse's best response to this observation? A) 'This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is hard and dry.' B) 'This is normal behavior for infants due to the immaturity of the gastrointestinal system.' C) 'This indicates a blockage in the intestine and must be reported to the physician.' D) 'This is normal behavior for infants unless the stool passed is black or green.'

A

The nurse caring for families in crisis assesses the affective function of an immigrant family consisting of a father, mother, and two school-age children. Based on Friedman's structural functional theory, what defines this family component? A) Meeting the love and belonging needs of each member B) Teaching children how to function and assume adult roles in society C) Ensuring the family has necessary resources with appropriate allocation D) Involving the provision of physical care to keep the family healthy

A

The nurse in a community clinic is caring for a 6-month-old boy and his mother. Which intervention is priority to promote adequate growth? A) Monitoring the child's weight and height B) Encouraging a more frequent feeding schedule C) Assessing the child's current feeding pattern D) Recommending higher-calorie solid foods

A

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old boy with a growth hormone deficiency. Which action best reflects using the nursing process to provide quality care to children and their families? A) Reviewing the effectiveness of interventions B) Questioning the facility standards for care C) Earning continuing education credits D) Ensuring reasonable costs for care provided

A

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old girl with multiple health problems. Which of the following activities would best reflect evidence-based practice by the nurse? A) Following blood pressure monitoring recommendations B) Determining how often the vital signs are monitored C) Using hospital protocol for ordering diagnostic tests D) Deciding the prescribed medication dose

A

The nurse is caring for a 2-week-old girl with a metabolic disorder. Which activity would deviate from the characteristics of family-centered care? A) Softening unpleasant information or prognoses B) Evaluating and changing the nursing plan of care C) Collaborating with the child and family as equals D) Showing respect for the family's beliefs and wishes

A

The nurse is caring for a 7-month-old girl during a well-child visit. Which intervention is most appropriate for this child? A) Discussing the type of sippy cup to use B) Advising about increased caloric needs C) Explaining how to prepare table meats D) Describing the tongue extrusion reflex

A

The nurse is counseling a young couple who in 2 months are having their third baby. The nurse uses Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families to analyze the family structure. Which best describes the main emphasis of this theory and its application to family dynamics? A) It emphasizes the family as a system with interdependent, interacting parts that endure over time to ensure the survival, continuity, and growth of its components. B) It emphasizes the social system of family, such as the organization or structure of the family and how the structure relates to the function. C) It emphasizes the developmental stages that all families go through, beginning with marriage; the longitudinal career of the family is also known as the family life cycle. D) It addresses the way families respond to stress and how the family copes with the stress as a group and how each individual member copes

A

The nurse is describing the maturation of various organ systems during toddlerhood to the parents. What would the nurse correctly include in this description? A) Myelinization of the brain and spinal cord is complete at about 24 months. B) Alveoli reach adult numbers by 3 years of age. C) Urine output in a toddler typically averages approximately 30 mL/hour. D) Toddlers typically have strong abdominal muscles by the age of 2

A

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the mother of a 9-month-old girl during a well-baby visit. Which topic would be most appropriate? A) Advising how to create a toddler-safe home B) Warning about small objects left on the floor C) Cautioning about putting the baby in a walker D) Telling about safety procedures during baths

A

The nurse is providing care for a 9-year-old girl who is medically fragile. Which is an example of the nursing role of collaboration? A) Informing the team members of the progress of treatment B) Discussing the child's needs with a school nurse C) Advising the pulmonologist of respiratory symptoms D) Arranging for after-school attendance at a day care facility

A

The nurse is providing care to an ill child and his family. Which activity reflects the use of the assessment step of the nursing process when providing care for children? A) Collecting data about the child and family B) Analyzing data to make judgments about the child's health state C) Evaluating care provided by the interdisciplinary team D) Developing a care plan that incorporates child goals

A

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the drastic growth and developmental changes her infant will experience in the first year of life. Which statement describes a developmental milestone occurring in infancy? A) By 6 months of age the infant's brain weighs half that of the adult brain; at age 12 months, the brain weighs 2.5 times what it did at birth. B) Most infants triple their birthweight by 4 to 6 months of age and quadruple their birthweight by the time they are 1 year old. C) The head circumference increases rapidly during the first 6 months: the average increase is about 1 inch per month. D) The heart triples in size over the first year of life; the average pulse rate decreases from 120 to 140 in the newborn to about 100 in the 1-year-old.

A

The nurse is teaching an athletic father how to stimulate his 7-year-old son who has a 'slow-to-warm-up' temperament. Which guidance will be most successful? A) Telling him to read stories to the child about famous athletes B) Suggesting he take the child to watch him play softball C) Urging him to sign the child up for little league football D) Proposing wrestling with the child and letting him win

A

The nurse researcher investigates the morbidity rate in the United States. Which statement accurately reflects this concept? A) Morbidity measures the prevalence of a specific illness in a population at a particular time. B) Morbidity is presented in rates per 100,000 population. C) Morbidity statistics are revised more frequently because of the ease in defining or obtaining the information. D) In general, 76% of children in the United States enjoyed excellent health and 27% had very good health in a 2007 report.

A

The parent of a 6-month-old infant asks the nurse for advice about his son's thumb sucking. What would be the nurse's best response to this parent? A) 'Thumb sucking is a healthy self-comforting activity.' B) 'Thumb sucking leads to the need for orthodontic braces.' C) 'Caregivers should pay special attention to the thumb sucking to stop it.' D) 'Thumb sucking should be replaced with the use of a pacifier.

A

The school nurse is reviewing the records of students in an elementary school. Based on current child morbidity rates, which child is the nurse most careful to monitor for days missed from school? A) A child with asthma B) A child with contact dermatitis C) A child with severe hay fever D) A child with food allergies

A

When assessing a family for barriers to health care, the nurse documents checks for psychosocial barriers. What is an example of this type of health care deficit? A) Academic difficulties B) Respiratory illness C) Poor sanitation D) Inherited diseases

A

A new mother tells the nurse that she is having difficulty breastfeeding her baby. When observing the mother, which actions prompt the nurse to provide teaching about proper breastfeeding techniques? Select all that apply. A) The mother carefully washes her breasts prior to feeding the infant. B) The mother feeds the infant every hour. C) The mother supplements feedings with water. D) The mother holds her breast in the "C" position. E) The mother strokes the nipple against the infant's face

A, B, C

The nurse caring for newborns knows that infants exhibit phenomenal increases in their gross motor skills over the first 12 months of life. Which statements accurately describe the typical infant's achievement of these milestones? Select all answers that apply. A) At 1 month the infant lifts and turns the head to the side in the prone position. B) At 2 months the infant rolls from supine to prone to back again. C) At 6 months the infant pulls to stand up. D) At 7 months the infant sits alone with some use of hands for support. E) At 9 months the infant crawls with the abdomen off the floor. F) At 12 months the infant walks independently

A, D, E, F

The nurse in charge of the quality department is reviewing cases regarding HIPAA compliance. In which cases does the nurse correctly determine that HIPAA standards were followed? Select all that apply. A) A child is diagnosed with an inner ear infection and follow-up care instructions are given to the child's aunt, who provides a medical consent form from the parents, who are on vacation. B) The emergency department nurse manager reports the suspicion of abuse to the child welfare department for a child admitted with suspicious injuries. C) The grandparents of a child ask the nurse on the medical floor when their grandchild will be released home to the parents. D) The physician reports the diagnosis of hepatitis C of a 14-year-old, who is abusing injectable drugs, to the health department. E) The nurse manager tells the superintendent of schools that a high school student is infected with HIV so that proper precautions can be implemented in the school.

A, B, D

The nurse is assessing the infants in the nursery for the six stages of consciousness. The nurse becomes concerned when assessing which infants? Select all that apply. A) An infant rapidly moves from deep sleep to crying B) An infant moves from active alert state to drowsiness C) An infant progresses slowly from deep sleep to light sleep D) An infant frequently skips the quiet alert state during the six stages of consciousness E) An infant ends the stages of consciousness with crying

A, B, D

The nurse working in a free community clinic knows that access to health care is affected negatively by lack of health insurance. What accurately describes the effect of lack of insurance on family health? Select all that apply. A) Parents with uninsured children often delay care for their children. B) Parents with uninsured children are less likely to have taken their children to a doctor or dentist in the last 2 years. C) Parents with uninsured children are three times less likely to have a usual place of care for their children. D) The percentage of children without health insurance rose slightly from 11.7% in 2006 to 13% in 2007. E) Currently, the states have improved enrollment in Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). F) Despite state efforts to ensure all children, nearly half of children eligible for these public programs are still uninsured.

A, B, E, F

The nurse accepts an assignment that involves caring for new parents and their infants in a clinic in a predominantly African American neighborhood. In order to apply culturally competent care, the nurse investigates the common beliefs and practices that may affect the health of these parents and infants. What are some examples of these beliefs? Select all that apply. A) Strong extended family relationships; mother as head of household; elder family members valued and respected B) Use of complementary modalities with Western health care practices C) View of health as harmony with nature, illness as disruption in harmony D) View of pain and suffering as inevitable; relief achieved through prayers and laying on of hands E) Health viewed as God's will maintainable with a balance of hot and cold food intake F) Restoration of physical, mental, and spiritual balance through healing ceremonies

A, C, D

The nurse is preparing a presentation regarding prevention of the unintentional injuries of drowning and bicycle accidents resulting in death. The population attending the presentation are parents of children ages 1 to 14. Which groups of parents would be best for the nurse to target when preparing this presentation? Select all that apply. A) American Indian parents B) Parents of female children C) Parents who live in government subsidized housing D) Single parents E) Asian American parents

A, C, D

The neonatal nurse researches the neonatal and mortality rates in the United States. Which statements accurately describe these measurements of child health? Select all that apply. A) Neonatal mortality is the number of infant deaths occurring in the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births. B) The infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths occurring in the first 6 months of life. C) Neonatal mortality is documented as the number of deaths in relation to 1,000 live births. D) The infant mortality rate is used as an index of the general health of a country. E) In 2007, the infant mortality rate in the United States was 6.8 per 1,000 live births. F) The infant mortality rate is consistent from state to state as well as between ethnic groups.

A, C, D, E

The nurse is talking with a newly married couple who are asking questions about genetic testing. Which statement by the couple indicates the need for further teaching regarding genetics? A) "We are thankful that our child's temperament won't be anything like either of our fathers' temperaments." B) "We have a 62. chance of our child being a boy!" C) "Genetic testing will help in identifying at least some genetic disorders." D) "We are glad that heart disease just runs in our family and can't be a genetic disease." E) "Since both of our parents are Asian, we will definitely be having an Asian baby."

A, D

The pediatric nurse operates according to the standards of professional performance according to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Scope and Standards of Pediatric Nursing Practice. Which statements accurately reflect these standards? Select all that apply. A) The pediatric nurse uses research findings in practice and participates in the generation of new knowledge. B) The pediatric nurse plans and delivers safe, effective nursing care regardless of the cost and its impact on practice. C) The pediatric nurse acts as an advocate for the hospital staff, physicians, and other health care team members involved in care of the child. D) The pediatric nurse's decisions and actions in all areas of practice are determined in an ethical manner. E) The pediatric nurse collaborates with the child, family, and physician in providing care for the child. F) The health care administrators, not the pediatric nurses, are responsible for improving the quality and effectiveness of pediatric nursing practice.

A, D, E

he nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy with a neuroblastoma. Which activities best describe the role of the nurse as a care coordinator, collaborator, and consultant? Select all that apply. A) Collaborating with the family throughout the care path B) Advancing the interests of children and their families by knowing their needs C) Informing children and families of their rights and options D) Coordinating care provided by the interdisciplinary team E) Ensuring that the child's and family's needs are met through activities such as support groups F) Providing appropriate client education based on the child's developmental level

A, D, E

The nurse is assessing the respiratory system of a newborn. Which anatomic differences place the infant at risk for respiratory compromise? Select all that apply. A) The nasal passages are narrower. B) The trachea and chest wall are less compliant. C) The bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and wider. D) The larynx is more funnel shaped. E) The tongue is smaller. F) There are significantly fewer alveoli.

A, D, F

A new mother shows the nurse that her baby grasps her finger when she touches the baby's palm. How might the nurse respond to this information? A) 'This is a primitive reflex known as the plantar grasp.' B) 'This is a primitive reflex known as the palmar grasp.' C) 'This is a protective reflex known as rooting.' D) 'This is a protective reflex known as the Moro reflex.'

B

A parent of four children being interviewed by the nurse states: 'Whatever my husband and I say goes and the kids need to follow our rules without complaining about them.' What type of parenting style does this attitude represent? A) Authoritative B) Authoritarian C) Permissive D) Rejecting-neglecting

B

A preschool child is scheduled to undergo a diagnostic test. Which action by the nurse would violate a child's bill of health care rights? A) Arranging for her mother to be with her B) Telling the child the test will not hurt C) Assuring the child that the test will be done quickly D) Introducing the child to the lab technicians

B

At which age would the nurse expect to find the beginning of object permanence? A) 1 month B) 6 months C) 9 months D) 12 months

B

The nurse is assessing a 4-month-old boy during a scheduled visit. Which findings might suggest a developmental problem? A) The child does not babble. B) The child does not vocally respond to voices. C) The child never squeals or yells. D) The child does not say dada or mama

B

The nurse is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care? A) After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the decline since 2000. B) White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health. C) The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but a large increase is occurring in African American females. D) The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.

B

The nurse is assisting low-income families to access health care. The nurse is aware that, in today's society, this most accurately defines the diversity of a modern family. A) A family consists of parents and their offspring living together. B) A family is whatever the child and family say it is. C) A family is two or more people related or unrelated who are living together. D) A family is two or more genetically related persons living together with separate roles.

B

The nurse is caring for a 4-week-old girl and her mother. Which is the most appropriate subject for anticipatory guidance? A) Promoting the digestibility of breast milk B) Telling how and when to introduce rice cereal C) Describing root reflex and latching on D) Advising how to choose a good formula

B

The nurse is caring for a child and family who just moved out of a dangerous neighborhood. Which of the following approaches is appropriate to the family stress theory? A) Determining who is the decision maker B) Assessing the child's coping abilities C) Finding out how a sibling feels D) Having to explain procedures to a sibling

B

The nurse is caring for a newborn infant who has Down syndrome. Which nursing action reflects the nurse's use of the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? A) The nurse speaks truthfully to the parents regarding their child's prognosis. B) The nurse provides safe, competent nursing care to avoid harming the infant. C) The nurse involves the parents in making health care decisions for their child. D) The nurse fairly allocates resources for caring for newborns in a facility.

B

The nurse is counseling the mother of a newborn who is concerned about her baby's constant crying. What teaching would be appropriate for this mother? A) Carrying the baby may increase the length of crying. B) Reducing stimulation may decrease the length of crying. C) Using vibration, white noise, or swaddling may increase crying. D) Using a swing or car ride may increase the incidence of crying episodes.

B

The nurse is educating a first-time mother who has a 1-week-old boy. Which is the most accurate anticipatory guidance? A) Describing the effect of neonatal teeth on breastfeeding B) Explaining that the stomach holds less than 1 ounce C) Informing that fontanels will close by 6 months D) Telling that the step reflex persists until the child walks

B

The nurse is functioning in the primary role to care for a 12-year-old boy with metastatic cancer in the liver. Which activity is typical of advocacy? A) Instructing parents about proper home care B) Educating the family about choices they have C) Telling parents about clinical guidelines D) Teaching the family about types of cancers

B

The nurse is observing a 24-month-old boy in a day care center. Which finding suggests delayed motor development? A) The child has trouble undressing himself. B) The child is unable to push a toy lawnmower. C) The child is unable to unscrew a jar lid. D) The child falls when he bends over

B

The nurse is reviewing a copy of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People. Which nursing action best reflects the nurse fostering this health care agenda? A) The nurse signs up for classes to obtain an advanced degree in nursing B) The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for low-income populations C) The nurse performs an in-service on basic hospital equipment for student nurses D) The nurse compiles nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing to present at a hospital training seminar

B

The nurse is teaching a new mother about the development of sensory skills in her newborn. What would alert the mother to a sensory deficit in her child? A) The newborn's eyes wander and occasionally are crossed. B) The newborn does not respond to a loud noise. C) The newborn's eyes focus on near objects. D) The newborn becomes more alert with stroking when drowsy

B

The nurse is teaching discipline strategies to the parents of a 14-year-old girl. Which topic is an example of positive reinforcement discipline? A) Unplugging the DVD player for the weekend B) Taking a chore away from her for a week C) Having her clean up the kitchen for a week D) Ignoring her request if she doesn't say "please"

B

The nurse is teaching the parents of a 2-year-old toddler methods of dealing with their child's 'negativism.' Based on Erickson's theory of development, what would be an appropriate intervention for this child? A) Discourage solitary play; encourage playing with other children. B) Encourage the child to pick out his own clothes. C) Use 'time-outs' whenever the child says 'no' inappropriately. D) Encourage the child to take turns when playing games

B

The nurse knows that the emancipated minor is considered to have the legal capacity of an adult and may make his or her own health care decisions. Which of the following children would potentially be considered an emancipated minor? A) A minor with financial independence who is living with his parents B) A minor who is pregnant C) A child older than 13 years of age who asks for emancipation D) A minor who puts his or her medical decisions in writing

B

The nurse who is scheduled to work in a clinic in a Hispanic neighborhood takes time to research Hispanic cultural norms to better provide culturally competent care. This behavior is an example of which cultural component? A) Cultural awareness B) Cultural knowledge C) Cultural skills D) Cultural encounter

B

The parents of a 14-year-old girl complain about the amount of time she spends on the Internet. Which question would the nurse ask the parents to assess her psychosocial development? A) "Do you limit her usage of the Internet to an hour per day?" B) "Does she do her homework and have fun with her peers?" C) "Did you place the computer where you can keep an eye on her?" D) "Did you warn her about protecting her identity online?"

B

The pediatric nurse is caring for the families of immigrant migrant workers in a small town community. For which risk factor should the nurse provide screening? A) Diabetes B) Depression C) Mental illness D) Child abuse

B

The school nurse monitors the amount of physical activity children in a local elementary school have planned for each day. This data will help most in meeting which foundation health measure of Healthy People 2020? A) General health status B) Health-related quality of life and well-being C) Determinants of health D) Disparities

B

The mother of a 4-year-old is discussing discipline methods with the nurse. She states that she has never tried using "time-outs" with her child and wonders how and if this method works. Which responses from the nurse are appropriate? Select all that apply. A) "I think time-outs are the best method of discipline for this age of child." B) "Time-out is a way of removing positive reinforcement of an unwanted or inappropriate behavior." C) "If you decide to try this method, be sure to use time-out in a nonthreatening, safe area where no interaction occurs with you." D) "Time-out is a method that is recognized by many pediatricians and experts in pediatrics." E) "I never found time-outs to work with my children, regardless of their age."

B, C, D

The nurse observes an infant interacting with his parents. What are normal social behavioral developments for this age group? Select all that apply. A) Around 5 months the infant may develop stranger anxiety. B) Around 2 months the infant exhibits a first real smile. C) Around 3 months the infant smiles widely and gurgles when interacting with the caregiver. D) Around 3 months the infant will mimic the parent's facial movements, such as sticking out the tongue. E) Around 3 to 6 months of age the infant may enjoy socially interactive games such as patty-cake and peek-a-boo. F) Separation anxiety may also start in the last few months of infancy.

B, C, D, F

The nurse is providing home care for a 6-year-old girl with multiple medical challenges. Which activities are part of the educator role of the nurse? Select all that apply. A) Arranging for a physical therapy session B) Teaching parents to administer albuterol C) Reminding a parent to give a full course of antibiotics D) Giving a DTaP vaccination at the proper interval E) Showing the parents how to perform proper hand hygiene F) Integrating research findings to establish evidence-based practice

B, C, E

The nurse is assessing a toddler for temperament and documents a 'difficult' temperament. Which traits are often seen in this type of personality? A) Moodiness B) Irritability C) Even-temperedness D) Overly active E) Regular biologic functions

B, D

The nurse is caring for a child just admitted to the medical-surgical unit and notes that the patient records indicate the family's religion as Roman-Catholic. Which statements by the nurse are appropriate when considering the patient's religion while providing care? Select all that apply. A) "I will add you to the list of patients for hospital clergy to visit." B) "Is there anything I can do to help your family maintain any religious practices during your child's stay here?" C) "I am Catholic too so if you would like to pray I would be happy to pray with you." D) "If there are any religious dietary practices that we should be aware of, please don't hesitate to let our staff know." E) "I have several friends who are Catholic. I'm not sure I understand all of your practices but I will respect them."

B, D

1. The nurse providing family-centered care in a hospital setting reflects on the focus of the health care provided in today's society. Which statement best describes the current definition of health? A) Health is described as 'an absence of disease.' B) Health is measured by monitoring mortality and morbidity of a group. C) Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. D) Technological gains made in health care are shared equally among all children

C

The nurse is administering a number of therapeutic interventions for neonates, infants, and children on the pediatric unit. Which intervention contributes to an increase in chronic illness seen in early childhood? A) Administering antibiotics to prevent lethal infections B) Vaccinating children to prevent childhood diseases C) Using mechanical ventilation for premature infants D) Using corticosteroids as a treatment for asthma

C

The nurse is assessing a 12-month-old boy with an English-speaking father and a Spanish-speaking mother. The boy does not say mama or dada yet. What is the priority intervention? A) Performing a developmental evaluation of the child B) Encouraging the parents to speak English to the child C) Asking the mother if the child uses Spanish words D) Referring the child to a developmental specialist

C

The nurse is assessing the 'resilience' of a 16-year-old boy. Which exemplifies an external protective factor that may help to promote resiliency in this child? A) His ability to take control of his own decisions B) His ability to accept his own limitations C) His caring relationship with members of his family D) His knowledge of when to continue or stop with goal achievement.

C

The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old girl of Mexican descent who is recovering in the hospital following a diagnosis of epileptic seizures. The child's mother insists on a visit from her curandera to provide healing powers to her daughter. What would be the best intervention of the nurse in this situation? A) Explain to the mother that hospital policy does not allow visits from unlicensed practitioners. B) Encourage the mother to arrange a visit with her curandera when her daughter is released from the hospital. C) Discuss the situation with the child's physician and arrange for a visit from the curandera at the hospital if appropriate. D) Distract the child's mother from her demands by focusing on child and family teaching related to her daughter's condition

C

The nurse is caring for a child brought to the emergency department by a babysitter. The child needs an emergency appendectomy and the parents cannot be contacted. What would be the nurse's best response to this situation? A) Have the babysitter sign the consent form even if she does not have signed papers to do so. B) Have the primary care physician for the child sign the consent form. C) Document failed attempts to obtain consent to allow emergency care. D) Delay medical care until the child's next of kin can be contacted.

C

The nurse is caring for a child of divorced parents on the postoperative unit. Both parents are with the child upon returning from surgery. The nurse hears the parents arguing just outside the child's room. What is the best response by the nurse? A) "If you are going to argue can you please take it outside?" B) "I'm not sure if you care, but your child can hear you arguing." C) "I know this is a stressful time, but your child can hear you arguing outside the room." D) "It is important that your child gets some rest so arguing outside the room doesn't help."

C

The nurse is caring for a premature infant and his mother who are scheduled for discharge even though the nurse feels the mother is not emotionally equipped to return home. When balancing the ethical components of this dilemma, the nurse identifies the problem and gathers more information. What would be the nurse's next step in this process? A) Choose a solution based on available data B) Implement a solution regardless of pros and cons C) Weigh the risks against the benefits D) Evaluate possible outcomes of the situation

C

The nurse is examining a 10-month-old boy who was born 10 weeks early. Which finding is cause for concern? A) The child has doubled his birth weight. B) The child exhibits plantar grasp reflex. C) The child's head circumference is 19.5 inches. D) No primary teeth have erupted yet.

C

The nurse is performing a health assessment of a 3-month-old African-American boy. For what condition should this infant be monitored based on his race? A) Jaundice B) Iron deficiency C) Lactose intolerance D) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

C

The nurse is performing a physical assessment of a 3-year-old girl. What finding would be a concern for the nurse? A) The toddler gained 4 pounds in weight since last year. B) The toddler gained 3 inches in height since last year. C) The toddler's anterior fontanel is not fully closed. D) The circumference of the child's head increased 1 inch since last year

C

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a mother to help promote healthy sleep for her 3-week-old baby. Which recommended guideline might be included in the teaching plan? A) Place the baby on a soft mattress with a firm, flat pillow for the head. B) Place the head of the bed near the window to provide fresh air, weather permitting. C) Place the baby on his or her back when sleeping. D) If the baby sleeps through the night, wake him or her up for the night feeding

C

The nurse is teaching a new mother the proper techniques for breastfeeding her newborn. Which is a recommended guideline that should be implemented? A) Wash the hands and breasts thoroughly prior to breastfeeding. B) Stroke the nipple against the baby's chin to stimulate wide opening of the baby's mouth. C) Bring the baby's wide-open mouth to the breast to form a seal around all of the nipple and areola. D) When finished the mother can break the suction by firmly pulling the baby's mouth away from the nipple

C

The nurse is teaching discipline strategies to the parents of a 4-year-old boy. Which response from the parents indicates a need for more teaching? A) "We should remove temptations that lead to bad behavior." B) "We must explain how we expect him to behave." C) "We should let him know he makes us angry with bad behavior." D) "We must praise him for good behavior."

C

The pediatric nurse is planning quiet activities for hospitalized 18-month-old. What would be an appropriate activity for this age group? A) Painting by number B) Putting shapes into appropriate holes C) Stacking blocks D) Using crayons to color in a coloring book

C

The pediatric nurse knows that the children she is treating are considered minors. Which statement accurately describes the regulations related to consent for medical treatment? A) Children older than age 16 can provide their own consent for, or refusal of, medical procedures. B) A guardian ad litem may be appointed by the parents to serve to protect the child's best interests. C) Parents ultimately are the decision makers regarding medical treatment for their children younger than the age of 18. D) When divorce occurs, the parent with whom the child is living on a daily basis will be granted custody of the child.

C

The school nurse is caring for a 10-year-old boy whose single mother's boyfriend is living with them. Which may be an indicator of violence in the home? A) He expresses his feeling with art. B) He reports no health issues such as stomachaches. C) He recently started smoking. D) He is involved in after-school activities

C

What activity would the nurse expect to find in an 18-month-old? A) Standing on tiptoes B) Pedaling a tricycle C) Climbing stairs with assistance D) Carrying a large toy while walking

C

When integrating the principles of family-centered care, the nurse would NOT include which of the following? A) Parents want to make decisions about their child's treatment. B) Families can make informed choices. C) People have taken less responsibility for their own health. D) Families require more information to make appropriate decisions.

C

When integrating the principles of family-centered care, the nurse would include which concept? A) Parents want nurses to make decisions about their child's treatment. B) Families are unable to make informed choices. C) People have taken increased responsibility for their own health. D) Families require little information to make appropriate decisions.

C

The nurse is helping the family of a terminally ill child to fill out an advance directives form. Which options are usually determined by this document? Select all that apply. A) Withholding food B) Withholding water C) Withholding antibiotics D) "Do not attempt resuscitate" (DNAR) orders E) Withholding ventilation F) Providing artificial nutrition

C, D, E, F

A 14-year-old tells the nurse that he feels like he can never live up to his parents' standards and that they won't even discuss their rules. What parenting style do this child's parents most likely practice? A) Authoritative B) Rejecting C) Uninvolved D) Authoritarian

D

After describing the procedure and medical necessity, the nurse asks a 14-year-old child to assent to a skin graft. Which statement accurately describes the requirements for this type of assent? A) The age of assent occurs at 12 years old. B) It is not necessary to obtain assent from a minor for a procedure. C) A minor can dissent to a procedure but his or her wishes are not binding. D) In some cases, such as cases of significant morbidity or mortality, dissent may need to be overridden

D

The neonatal nurse assesses newborns for iron-deficiency anemia. Which newborn is at highest risk for this disorder? A) A postterm newborn B) A term newborn with jaundice C) A newborn born to a diabetic mother D) A premature newborn

D

The nurse is caring for a toddler who is in Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. Which task would the nurse expect the toddler to be able to perform? A) Completing puzzles with four pieces B) Winding up a mechanical toy C) Playing make-believe with dolls D) Knowing which are his or her toys

D

The nurse is performing a cognitive assessment of a 2-year-old. Which behavior would alert the nurse to a developmental delay in this area? A) The child cannot say name, age, and gender. B) The child cannot follow a series of two independent commands. C) The child has a vocabulary of 40 to 50 words. D) The child does not point to named body parts

D

The nurse is performing a health assessment of a school-age child. Based on the child's developmental level, on which problem would the nurse focus more attention? A) Infections B) Poisonings C) Risk-taking behaviors D) Accidents and injuries

D

The nurse is promoting a healthy diet to guide a mother when feeding her 2-week-old girl. Which is the most effective anticipatory guidance? A) Substituting cow's milk if breast milk is not available B) Advocating iron supplements with bottle-feeding C) Advising fluid intake per feeding of 5 or 6 ounces D) Discouraging the addition of fruit juice to the diet

D

The nurse is providing discharge teaching regarding formula preparation for a new mother. Which guideline would the nurse include in the teaching plan? A) Always wash bottles and nipples in hot soapy water and rinse well; do not wash them in the dishwasher. B) Store tightly covered ready-to-feed formula can after opening in refrigerator for up to 24 hours. C) Warm bottle of formula by placing bottle in a container of hot water, or microwaving formula. D) Do not add cereal to the formula in the bottle or sweeten the formula with honey

D

The nurse is teaching parents of a 2-year-old about the extinction method of discipline. What is an example of this method of discipline? A) Praising the child for good behavior B) Reprimanding the child C) Spanking the child D) Enforcing a 'time-out'

D

The nurse volunteering at a homeless shelter to assist families with children identifies homelessness as a risk preventing families from achieving positive outcomes in life. What family theory encompasses this approach to assessing family dynamics? A) Duvall's developmental theory B) Friedman's structural functional theory C) Von Bertalanffy's general system theory applied to families D) Resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation

D

The student nurse is learning about the past history of child health and health care in the United States. Which statement accurately reflects the condition of health care in the past and current centuries? A) In past centuries in the United States, the health of the country was better than it is today due to the simpler style of living. B) In the current century, mortality rates are high, but life expectancy has increased due to technological advances. C) In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries urban public health improvements made cities healthier places for growing children. D) By the late twentieth century unintentional injuries rather than infectious diseases had become the leading cause of death for children older than 1 year old.

D