PEDS TODDLERS

28. The parent of a 16-month-old toddler asks, What is the best way to keep our son from getting into our medicines at home? The nurses best advice is: a. All medicines should be locked securely away. b. The medicines should be placed in high cabinets. c. The child just needs to be taught not to touch medicines. d. Medicines should not be kept in the homes of small children.

a. All medicines should be locked securely away.

9. Steven, 16 months old, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and scolds the stairs as if they caused him to fall. This is an example of which of the following? a. Animism b. Ritualism c. Irreversibility d. Delayed cognitive development

a. Animism

20. Parents tell the nurse that their toddler daughter eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks all the time. Which intervention should the nurse recommend? a. Give her nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.

a. Give her nutritious snacks.

19. The parents of a 2-year-old tell the nurse that they are concerned because the toddler has started to use baby talk since the arrival of their new baby. The nurse should recommend which intervention? a. Ignore the baby talk. b. Explain to the toddler that baby talk is for babies. c. Tell the toddler frequently, You are a big kid now. d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.

a. Ignore the baby talk.

31. A nurse places some x-ray contrast the toddler is to drink in a small cup instead of a large cup. Which concept of a toddlers preoperational thinking is the nurse using? a. Inability to conserve b. Magical thinking c. Centration d. Irreversibility

a. Inability to conserve

25. Which is the leading cause of death during the toddler period? a. Injuries b. Infectious diseases c. Congenital disorders d. Childhood diseases

a. Injuries

3. Which gross motor milestones should the nurse assess in an 18-month-old child? (Select all that apply.) a. Jumps in place with both feet b. Takes a few steps on tiptoe c. Throws ball overhand without falling d. Pulls and pushes toys e. Stands on one foot momentarily

a. Jumps in place with both feet c. Throws ball overhand without falling d. Pulls and pushes toys

18. Which technique is best for dealing with the negativism of the toddler? a. Offer the child choices. b. Remain serious and intent. c. Provide few or no choices for child. d. Quietly and calmly ask the child to comply.

a. Offer the child choices.

4. A parent of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says no to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. The nurses best interpretation of this behavior is included in which statement? a. This is normal behavior for his age. b. This is unusual behavior for his age. c. He is not effectively coping with stress. d. He is showing he needs more attention.

a. This is normal behavior for his age.

29. The most fatal type of burn in the toddler age group is: a. flame burn from playing with matches. b. scald burn from high-temperature tap water. c. hot object burn from cigarettes or irons. d. electric burn from electric outlets.

a. flame burn from playing with matches.

26. Kimberlys parents have been using a rearward-facing, convertible car seat since she was born. Most car seats can be safely switched to the forward-facing position when the child reaches which age? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

b. 2

2. Which should the nurse teach to parents of toddlers about accidental poison prevention? (Select all that apply.) a. Keep toxic substances in the garage. b. Discard empty poison containers. c. Know the number of the nearest poison control center. d. Remove colorful labels from containers of toxic substances. e. Caution child against eating nonedible items, such as plants.

b. Discard empty poison containers. c. Know the number of the nearest poison control center. e. Caution child against eating nonedible items, such as plants.

10. Which should the nurse expect for a toddlers language development at age 18 months? a. Vocabulary of 25 words b. Increasing level of comprehension c. Use of holophrases d. Approximately one third of speech understandable

b. Increasing level of comprehension

1. Which are characteristic of physical development of a 30-month-old child? (Select all that apply.) a. Birth weight has doubled. b. Primary dentition is complete. c. Sphincter control is achieved. d. Anterior fontanel is open. e. Length from birth is doubled. f. Left or right handedness is established.

b. Primary dentition is complete. c. Sphincter control is achieved.

6. Which is descriptive of a toddlers cognitive development at age 20 months? a. Searches for an object only if he or she sees it being hidden b. Realizes that out of sight is not out of reach c. Puts objects into a container but cannot take them out d. Understands the passage of time, such as just a minute and in an hour

b. Realizes that out of sight is not out of reach

30. Which play item should the nurse bring from the playroom to a hospitalized toddler in isolation? a. Small plastic Lego b. Set of large plastic building blocks c. Brightly colored balloon d. Coloring book and crayons

b. Set of large plastic building blocks

24. Which is an appropriate recommendation for preventing tooth decay in young children? a. Substitute raisins for candy. b. Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum. c. Use honey or molasses instead of refined sugar. d. When sweets are to be eaten, select a time not during meals.

b. Substitute sugarless gum for regular gum.

8. Two toddlers are playing in a sandbox when one child suddenly grabs a toy from the other child. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is typical behavior because toddlers are aggressive. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. c. Toddlers should know that sharing toys is expected of them. d. Toddlers should have the cognitive ability to know right from wrong.

b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

11. Which statement is correct about toilet training? a. Bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training. b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. c. Watching older siblings use the toilet confuses the child. d. Children must be forced to sit on the toilet when first learning.

b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet.

23. The most effective way to clean a toddlers teeth is for the: a. child to brush regularly with a toothpaste of his or her choice. b. parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other. c. parent to brush the mandibular occlusive surfaces, leaving the rest for the child. d. parent to brush the front labial surfaces, leaving the rest for the child.

b. parent to stabilize the chin with one hand and brush with the other.

3. The child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling with which developmental task? a. Trust b. Initiative c. Autonomy d. Intimacy

c. Autonomy

16. A toddlers parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. Which is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. c. Remain close by the child but without eye contact. d. Explain to child that this is wrong.

c. Remain close by the child but without eye contact. The parent should be told that the best way to deal with temper tantrums is to ignore the behaviors, provided that the actions are not dangerous to the child. Tantrums are common in toddlers as the child becomes more independent and overwhelmed by increasingly complex tasks. The parents and caregivers need to have consistent and developmentally appropriate expectations. Punishment and explanations will not be beneficial. The parents presence is necessary both for safety and to provide a feeling of control and security to the child when the tantrum is over.

7. Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electric outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. Her cognitive development is delayed. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed. c. This is typical behavior because of the inability to transfer knowledge to new situations. d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain.

c. This is typical behavior because of the inability to transfer knowledge to new situations.

32. Parents need further teaching about the use of car safety seats if they make which statement? a. Even if our toddler helps buckle the straps, we will double-check the fastenings. b. We wont start the car until everyone is properly restrained. c. We wont need to use the car seat on short trips to the store. d. We will anchor the car seat to the cars anchoring system.

c. We wont need to use the car seat on short trips to the store.

22. Developmentally, most children at age 12 months: a. use a spoon adeptly. b. relinquish the bottle voluntarily. c. eat the same food as the rest of the family. d. reject all solid food in preference to the bottle.

c. eat the same food as the rest of the family.

13. In the clinic waiting room, a nurse observes a parent showing an 18-month-old child how to make a tower out of blocks. The nurse should recognize in this situation that: a. blocks at this age are used primarily for throwing. b. toddlers are too young to imitate the behavior of others. c. toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks. d. toddlers are too young to build a tower of blocks.

c. toddlers are capable of building a tower of blocks.

14. At what age should the nurse expect a child to give both first and last names when asked? a. 15 months b. 18 months c. 24 months d. 30 months

d. 30 months

2. The psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include which characteristic? a. Development of a conscience b. Recognition of sex differences c. Ability to get along with age-mates d. Ability to delay gratification

d. Ability to delay gratification

17. A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. Which is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Provide more attention. c. Ask child not always to say no. d. Reduce the opportunities for a no answer.

d. Reduce the opportunities for a no answer.

5. A nurse is planning care for a 17-month-old child. According to Piaget, which stage should the nurse expect the child to be in cognitively? a. Trust b. Preoperational c. Secondary circular reaction d. Tertiary circular reaction

d. Tertiary circular reaction The 17-month-old child is in the fifth stage of the sensorimotor phase, tertiary circular reactions. The child uses active experimentation to achieve previously unattainable goals. Trust is Eriksons first stage. Preoperational is the stage of cognitive development usually present in older toddlers and preschoolers. Secondary circular reactions last from about ages 4 to 8 months.

15. The parents of a newborn say that their toddler hates the baby; he suggested that we put him in the trash can so the trash truck could take him away. Which is the nurses best reply? a. Lets see if we can figure out why he hates the new baby. b. Thats a strong statement to come from such a small boy. c. Lets refer him to counseling to work this hatred out. Its not a normal response. d. That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Lets look at ways to deal with this.

d. That is a normal response to the birth of a sibling. Lets look at ways to deal with this.

1. Which factor is most important in predisposing toddlers to frequent infections? a. Respirations are abdominal. b. Pulse and respiratory rates are slower than those in infancy. c. Defense mechanisms are less efficient than those during infancy. d. Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue.

d. Toddlers have a short, straight internal ear canal and large lymph tissue. Toddlers continue to have the short, straight internal ear canal of infants. The lymphoid tissue of the tonsils and adenoids continues to be relatively large. These two anatomic conditions combine to predispose the toddler to frequent infections. The abdominal respirations and lowered pulse and respiratory rate of toddlers do not affect their susceptibility to infection. The defense mechanisms are more efficient compared with those of infancy.

12. Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child? a. Skips and can hop in place on one foot b. Rides tricycle and broad jumps c. Jumps with both feet and stands on one foot momentarily d. Walks up and down stairs and runs with a wide stance

d. Walks up and down stairs and runs with a wide stance

27. The nurse recommends to parents that peanuts are not a good snack food for toddlers. The nurses rationale for this action is that they: a. are low in nutritive value. b. are high in sodium. c. cannot be entirely digested. d. can be easily aspirated.

d. can be easily aspirated.

21. A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is: a. a sign the child is spoiled. b. a way to exert unhealthy control. c. regression, common at this age. d. ritualism, common at this age.

d. ritualism, common at this age.