Penny CH 26 Fetal Spine and MSK system

All of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II syndrome except: a. S-shaped spine b. Banana sign c. Lemon sign d. Colpocephaly

a. S-shaped spine

A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is: a. Osteogenesis imperfecta b. Achondroplasia c. Radial ray defect d. Caudal regression syndrome

b. Achondroplasia

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: a. Closed defect b. Elevated MSAFP c. Sacral dimple d. Hemangioma

b. Elevated MSAFP

The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: a. Kyphosis b. Scoliosis c. Splaying d. Achondroplasia

b. Scoliosis

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx: a. Limb-body wall complex b. caudal regression syndrome c. Thanatophoric dwarfism d. Heterozygous achondroplasia

b. caudal regression syndrome

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities? a. Sacrococcygeal teratoma b. Caudal displacement syndrome c. Sirenomelia d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

c. Sirenomelia

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: a. PAPP-A b. hCG c. Estriol d. AFP

d. AFP

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. Frontal bossing b. Flattened nasal bridge c. Trident hand d. Absent mineralization of the skull

d. Absent mineralization of the skull

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is: a. Achondroplasia b. Osteogenesis imperfecta c. Thanatophoric dysplasia d. Amniotic band syndrome

d. Amniotic band syndrome

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is: a. Corpus callosum b. Cerebellar vermis c. Cavum septum pellucidum d. Massa intermedia

d. Massa intermedia

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as: a. Acoustic shadowing b. Posterior enhancement c. Reverberation artifact d. Edge artifact

a. Acoustic shadowing

Talipes equinovarus is associated with: a. Clubfoot b. Syndactyly c. Rhizomelia d. Rockerbottom feet

a. Clubfoot

In VACTERL association, the letter "L" stands for: a. Limb b. Lung c. Liver d. Larynx

a. Limb

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is: a. Achondrogenesis b. Achondroplasia c. Thanatophoric dysplasia d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

b. Achondroplasia

The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is: a. Autosomal recessive b. Autosomal dominant c. Inherited dominant d. Inherited recessive

b. Autosomal dominant

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: a. Sirenomelia b. Caudal regression syndrome c. Achondroplasia d. Radial ray defect

b. Caudal regression syndrome

All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with limb-body wall complex except: a. Ventral wall defects b. Decreased MSAFP c. Marked scoliosis d. Shortened umbilical cord

b. Decreased MSAFP

All of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. Splaying of the laminae b. Enlarged posterior fossa c. Lemon sign d. Hydrocephalus

b. Enlarged posterior fossa

The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as: a. Dandy-Walker malformation b. Budd-Chiari syndrome c. Arnold-Chiari II malformation d. Amniotic band syndrome

c. Arnold-Chiari II malformation

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: a. Radial ray defect b. Rhizomelia c. Mermaid syndrome d. Rockerbottom feet

c. Mermaid syndrome

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. Micromelia b. Absent mineralization of the pelvis c. Multiple dislocated joints d. Polyhydramnios

c. Multiple dislocated joints

Absence of the radius is referred to as: a. Talipes equinovarus b. Clubfoot c. Radial ray defect d. Phocomelia

c. Radial ray defect

Rhizomelia denotes: a. Long upper extremities b. Shortening of an entire limb c. Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb d. Shortening of the distal segment of a limb

c. Shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

In VACTERL association, the letter "C" stands for: a. Cerebellar b. C-spine c. Cranial d. Cardiac

d. Cardiac

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. Banana sign b. Lemon sign c. Enlarged mass intermedia d. Normal MSAFP

d. Normal MSAFP

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: a. Thanatophoric dysplasia b. Caudal regression syndrome c. Achondrogenesis d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of: a. Arnold-Chiari II malformation b. Achondroplasia c. Thanatophoric dysplasia d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

d. Osteogenesis imperfecta

Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except: a. Sacrococcygeal teratoma b. Meningocele c. Meningomyelocele d. Phocomeningocele

d. Phocomeningocele

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. Amputation of fetal parts b. Anencephaly c. Facial clefting d. Synechiae

d. Synechiae

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: a. Achondrogenesis b. Osteogenesis imperfecta c. Sirenomelia d. Thanatophoric dysplasia

d. Thanatophoric dysplasia