Perception Slidedeck

Proximity

A Gestalt principle stating that objects close to each other tend to be perceived as a group or related, even if they're not physically connected. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRdF4CGqgxUJeRfEUN408fatAGU9O5m_rvjkQ&s The image on the right seems to be closer to each other than they actually are because we think it is the same as the dots on the left

Continuity

A Gestalt principle that describes the tendency to perceive continuous patterns or lines, even if they are interrupted, over broken or disjointed ones. https://public-images.interaction-design.org/tags/td-illustration-gestalt-4-continuity.png The line with the dashed line next to is looks to our mind to be continuous but is broken by the other line

Closure

A Gestalt principle where the brain fills in missing parts of an image or pattern to perceive a complete, whole object. https://www.usertesting.com/sites/default/files/usertestingv3/inline-images/gestalt-triangle-630x659_0.jpg Your brain completes the triangle even though it is really just 3 pac man's

Top-down Processing

A cognitive process where perception is driven by prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations. It starts with the brain's interpretation, then moves down to analyze incoming sensory information. https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/Yv9Mz4Ew7QLNgxPAyeincuHMmyY=/4670x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/GettyImages-145063224-567c0d993df78ccc15627c2a.jpg Shows how the brain uses prior knowledge and expectations to interpret the sensory input from the eyes, influencing how the butterfly is perceived.

Contiguity

A concept in perception and learning that suggests events occurring close together in time or space are often associated with one another. https://i.ytimg.com/vi/fjXf2QfwBaA/sddefault.jpg The stop sign is related to stopping the car in response.

Aerial/Atmospheric Perspective

A depth cue based on the fact that objects farther away appear hazier or less distinct due to the scattering of light by the atmosphere. https://psychologyconcepts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/aerial-perspective-in-perceptual-psychology-300x199.jpeg In the back of the painting, the texture becomes blurry, simulating real life where things become less clear the farther they are

Motion Parallax

A depth cue where objects closer to the observer move faster across the visual field than objects that are farther away, providing information about relative distance. https://study.com/cimages/videopreview/motion-parallax-in-psychology-definition-explanation_110111.jpg The dog is closer and therefore is moving faster in you view compared to the objects farther away

Relative Size

A depth cue where objects that are farther away appear smaller compared to similar objects that are closer, even though their actual sizes are the same. https://slideplayer.com/slide/4737478/15/images/73/Here%E2%80%99s+another+example+of+relative+size.jpg The men who are farther back are smaller than the closer men

Overlap

A depth cue where one object partially covers or overlaps another, indicating that the covered object is further away. https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/yellow-blue_circle.PNG The blue circle is covering part of the yellow circle

Linear Perspective

A depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance, helping to create a sense of depth in a two-dimensional image. https://www.guidetodrawing.com/site/assets/files/1028/gtd-218.798x0-is.jpg As you look farther back the tracks become smaller and less

Texture Gradient

A depth cue where surfaces with finer, less distinct textures are perceived as being farther away, while coarse, detailed textures appear closer. https://d72c2e2e52050bc0f27a.cdn6.editmysite.com/uploads/b/d72c2e2e52050bc0f27a6d634bf65dbd86e2c71b9054972e20c77c14300b83fe/_D217959_1665591761.jpg?width=2400&optimize=medium

Perceptual Set/Perceptual Expectancy

A mental predisposition to perceive things in a certain way based on expectations, prior experiences, or context. It influences what we notice and how we interpret sensory information. https://cxl.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/image8-568x369.jpg Our brain expects a normal elephant, but the unusual arrangement of the legs challenges that expectation, causing confusion in perception.

Bottom-up processing

A perceptual process that begins with sensory input, where the brain constructs a perception by piecing together raw data from the environment without the influence of prior knowledge or expectations. https://files.oaiusercontent.com/file-JyrUNDAfiHKKThElyuec76FI?se=2024-10-22T20%3A31%3A47Z&sp=r&sv=2024-08-04&sr=b&rscc=max-age%3D604800%2C%20immutable%2C%20private&rscd=attachment%3B%20filename%3D30fb4391-fa13-4f12-bc51-422bf77a30bf.webp&sig=JJ9Vh7jCVHROAUM5W0auCLXTdbSSVSnY1ZrS6cLOaIQ%3D The person in the image is analyzing the butterfly's details in a purely data-driven way based on just on raw data.

Figure-ground Relationships

A visual perception principle where the brain separates an image into a foreground (figure) and a background (ground), helping to identify objects against a backdrop. https://public-images.interaction-design.org/literature/articles/heros/562e4c0c6a018.jpg The image to some will look like a vase type thing with a white background but to others it might look like 2 white faces with a black background because our brain separates the perceived subjects and the background

Muller-Lyer Illusion

Two lines of equal length appear to be different lengths due to the direction of the arrow-like ends placed on each line. One line has inward-facing arrows (like arrowheads), while the other has outward-facing arrows (like the tails of arrows). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306323807/figure/fig1/AS:616358983254018@1523962841467/The-Mueller-Lyer-illusion-Mueller-Lyer-1889-Knowing-that-the-two-lines-are-of-equal.png The arrowheads create a false sense of depth, tricking our brain into seeing the lines as different lengths when they're actually the same.