Perennials

Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly-weed

FAMILY Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family) roadsides and shale barrens from New England to North Dakota, and south from North Carolina and Tennessee NATIVITY United States & E Canada Frequent to dry fields, Florida to Arizona. NATIVE TO SE PENNSYLVANIA. Form: TALL. Clump. Variable. "18-36" tall, dense mound or open plants, 1-3' wide. Foliage: Leaves more or less spiral and crowded, narrowly lance-shaped, Variable. 18"-36" tall, dense mound or erect, open plants, 1'-3' wide. to 4 1/2" long. Dark green. LATE TO EMERGE Flower: BRIGHT ORANGE. Axillary and terminal clusters of 1/4" flowers. Flowers are orange or sometimes red or may be tinged burgundy. Seedpods (6" long) are ornamental into winter. LONG, HEAVY BLOOM in JUNE INTO JULY, then sporadically through the summer. Immature seedpods yellow. These typical milkweed flowers have swept-back corollas and upright 5-lobed coronas. SWEPT BACK COROLLA. Light: FULL SUN Soil: DROUGHT TOLERANT Well-drained soil of average fertility and containing organic matter. ACIDIC Transplanting: Best to transplant young plants with a large soil ball in early spring. Propagation: Seeds sown in spring or fall, root cuttings in early spring. Plants have long taproots that make dividing difficult but not impossible. Self-sows. Pests & Diseases: Occasional leaf spots and rusts. Golden aphids, small milkweed bugs, large milkweed bugs, MONARCH BUTTERFLY LARVAE, milkweed tiger moth larvae. Plants can exhibit severe damage from insects and caterpillars. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, slopes, meadow gardens; cut flowers and pods. ECOLOGICAL Flowers attract butterflies, bees and hummingbirds. Host plant of Monarch butterfly. COMMENTS heat, clay and infertile soil. Will grow in thin May, so best to mark site and use care GENERAL Maintenance: Drought tolerant. Long-lived, low-maintenance plant. May not come up until late cultivating around it. Sap injurous to eyes. Tolerates turf. Deer resistant. Alternate host for cucumber mosaic virus.

Astilbe (Chinensis Group) Hybrid Astilbe

FAMILY Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) NATIVITY Found in moist, mountain woods in China, Korea and Japan. Form: RHIZOMATUS. This tough species has 1 1/2'-2 1/2' spikes of flowers above a 2' wide mound of foliage with BROWN RED HAIRY STEMS!!!!Some are short Foliage: 2-3 times ternately compound. Leaflets are ovate or oblong, doubly serrate and dark green. There is a red-brown/burgundy pubescence on the leaves and stems, which may rub off by the end of the season. The foliage and stems may have burgundy tints. HAIRY STEMS Flower: PANICLES OF FLUFFY FLOWERSThe species has narrowly branching panicles of very small, fluffy, white flowers flushed with pink, rose, or magenta. It BLOOMS IN JULY, AFTER the Astilbe Japonica Group and after Astilbe x arendsii hybrids. SOME HAIRY BUDS Light: PARTIAL SUN, light to moderate shade. CAN TOLERATE SUN AND LESS MOISTURE, MORE THAN JAPONICA Soil: Moist, well-drained, rich soil that is high in organic matter. The soil must be well-drained in winter. Tolerates average soil fertility. To grow in sunnier conditions, incorporate extra organic matter into the soil. Propagation: Division in spring as growth starts. Seed, but the seedlings may look different from the parent plant Pests & Diseases: Occasional powdery mildew and wilt. Japanese beetles can be a problem. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers; naturalized in woods, near streams and ponds; groundcover in shade: cut flowers, dried flowers. Seedheads provide winter interest. GENERAL Maintenance: Mulch with good quality organic mulches spring, and throughout the season as needed. Water during drought. Enrich the soil before planting and apply 5-10-5 fertilizer or similar organic fertilizers each spring Astilbe chinenesisis more tolerant of heat and dryness than the Astilbe (Japonica Group) hybrids. as growth begins. Astilbe chinensis and its cultivars prolong the astilbe long-lived, low maintenance plants for shade. Division every few years, if necessary, increases bloom season. Sited properly, these are flowering. Deer resistant.

Lilium Lily

Liliaceae (Lly Famly) NATIVITY Temperate Northern Hemisphere - Species come from Asia, Europe and North America. Most garden hybrids are derived from Asian species Form: TALL, BOLDClumping habit. 1'-6' tall, an erect, stately, "see through" plant. Some spread slowly by rhizomes or stolons. Grows from a scaly, naked (no bulb cover) bulb. Foliage: Alternate or whorled, simple and entire. Flower: "Solitary" and "terminal", or in "terminal clusters". All colors except blue, violet and blue- violet. May have a trumpet, bowl, flat or recurved shape, depending on the cultivar. The PERIANTH consisits of 3 PETALS and 3 SEPALS, but since they are similar, they're referred to as tepals. Tepals can be spreading or recurved. BLOOMS in JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER depending on the cultivar. BLOOMS 2 WEEKS. Many are fragrant. Some have attractive seedpods. OFTEN FRAGRANT Light: Full Sun Most hybrids require at least 6 hours of sun, but prefer afternoon shade in hot climates such as the mid-Atlantic. Martagon lilies and certain other species do best with high shade. Soil: Deep sandy loam, well aerated and well-drained. Fertile and high in organic matter. Adequate moisture while growing, before flowering, and for a few weeks after flowering. Don't let bulbs dry out or drown at any time. Pruning or Thinning: Deadhead after flowering to prevent seed formation which weakens the bulb for next year. Transplanting: Best done in late summer or autumn when bulbs are at their most dormant. Propagation: Seed. Division of clumps in fall. (Do not allow the bulbs to dry out). Bulbils found in the leaf axils, and bulb scales can be harvested and sown. Choose only healthy scales, wash off any soil and plant immediately after flowering for best results. Pests & Diseases: LILY MOSAIC (virus), transmitted by aphids, distorts blossoms and mottles foliage. Tiger Lily (L. lancifolium) is a carrier but rarely shows symptoms. Basal bulb rot is a problem in poorly drained soils. Botrytis, LILY BEETLE, deer, rabbits. GENERAL Maintenance: Mulch. Lift and divide bulbs about every 3 years. Remove seedpods unless seed desired, to conserve plant energy. CUT FLOWERS. HUMMINGBIRDS

Erigeron pulchellus 'Lynnhaven Carpet' Robin's-plantain

FAMILY Asteraceae (Aster Family) Found on wooded slopes, in meadows and on woodland edges. NATIVITY The species is native to Pennsylvania as well as the Eastern south central United States. composite flowers to 14" tall. This adaptable native forms a dense carpet of handsome foliage in Form: A MAT DENSE densely matting, EVERGREEN groundcover about 8" wide by 1/2" high with lavender a year or two. Foliage: VERY SANDPAPERY LEAVES Overlapping, gray-green basal foliage that is evergreen in Zone 6. Each leaf is broad toward tip and bluntly toothed. They measure 3" at its widest point by 5" long and are hairy (pubescent) on both surfaces. Flower: Composite, to 14" tall with hairy stems. Flower heads are 1"-1 1/2" across with about 50 pale lilac ray flowers in May. Disc flowers are yellow. Blooms for 3 to 4 weeks beginning about the beginning of May. Light: Full Sun - part-shade Soil: Average, TO DRY ADAPTABLE. Well-drained. Propagation: By division in the fall, or by seed. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Native evergreen groundcover for dry shade. It is especially good for dry slopes in part shade. Good in rock gardens, as an edging, or as a skirting under shrubs and around trees. ECOLOGICAL Attracts bees. GENERAL Maintenance: Cut off flowering stems before going to seed to control self-seeding. This outstanding cultivar has far more attractive foliage and flowers than the native species. It forms a dense carpet that is excellent at preventing erosion and is adaptable to many sites. E. pulchellus 'Lynnehaven Carpet was given to Dale Henderson many years ago by the late Clarice Keeling. Dale gave it to Charles Cresson, who current cultivar name. Erigeron pulchellus Perennials Forum at the 2005 Perennial Plant traced its provenance and gave it the 'Lynnhaven Carpet was presented at the Promising Conference by Przemyslaw Walczak of Chanticleer.

Hemerocallis Daylily

FAMILY Xanthorrhoeaceae (Grasstree Family) Form: LOW WIDE VARIETY SHAPES AND SIZES. Clump. Foliage mound 8"-30" tall. Flowers on stalks above leaves, scapes may be 10"-48". (Dwarf plants have scapes up to 12" tall.) Foliage: FOLIAGE CAN BE REJUVENTAED AFTER BLOOMING BY CUTTING BACK AND FRTILIZING LIGHTLY. Basal keeled linear leaves, 1/2"-1 1/2" wide, 1'-2' long, depending on cultivar. Dormant foliage stops growing in cold weather, evergreen foliage continues to try to grow. Leaves may not be attractive after flowering. Flower: CULTIVAR DEPENDENT MAY THROUGH SEPT. VARIABLE FRAGRANCE. AS many as 30 per scape, 1-12 scapes per plant. Fragrance varies. Each flower lasts one day (some cultivars have flowers that stay open longer). All colors (except pure white and blue), may be deep or pastel, and solid, two-toned or zoned. In form, they may be like a funnel or flattened like a shallow bowl, plain or ruffled. There are a few doubles. Most have one heavy bloom season of 2-3 weeks and may have slight rebloom in fall. Some cultivars begin to bloom in spring and rebloom off and on into October. No daylily blooms continuously and heavily summer. The peak bloom period of Hemerocallis in the Delaware Valley is July 15. Flowers face the sun (heliotropic). Light: FULL SUN Soil: WIDE RANGE. Will grow on a wide range of soils. Cultivars vary in soil tolerances. Most do poorly on clay and though they may survive in soils of low fertility, prefer moist, well-drained soil of average fertility containing organic matter. Same cultivars do best in high fertility soil. Propagation: Seeds (young plants may not look like parent plant), division every three years spring or fall, tissue culture. (Some cultivars are not coming true in tissue culture.) Root the proliferations (clusters of leaves) that form on the flower stalks of some cultivars. LANDSCAPE USES: Beds, borders, banks and slopes. Ground cover containers, cut flowers. Edible ECOLOGICAL VALUE: Attracts bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies.

Penstemon 'Dark Towers' Beard-tongue

Plantaginaceae Hybrid of Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' and Penstemon 'Prairie Splendor Form: MEDIUM WINE COLORED LEAVES AND STEMSClump forming with erect, leafy stems to 3. Spread to 24 Foliage: Foliage is glossy, deep purple-red. Leaves are opposite, with petiole, stem leaves are sessile. Leaves retain good color simple: Basal leaves are oblanceolate to elliptic throughout summer. Stems: Deep purple-red; stiff. the fifth stamen is sterile Flower: TUBULA PINK FLOWERS. Many spikes of pink flowers in panicles. Flowers are tubular, and bearded. Seed heads are showy. and two-lipped, 1" long: CULTURE Light: Full Sun HEAT AND HUMIDITY TOLERANT Soil: Average. May need staking in rich soils. Pests & Diseases: None serious. ECOLOGICAL ATTRACTS HUMMINGBIRDS

Actaea racemosa Black Snakeroot

Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family) NATIVITY E & C North America Massachusetts to Ontario, south to Georgia, Tennessee and Missouri. NATIVE TO PENNSYLVANIA. Found in rich, moist woods, wooded slopes, ravines, or thickets. Form: Rhizomatous. Fibrous roots attached to the rhizome. Foliage mound 2'-3' tall. Slender, erect, elegant plant; flowers to 8. Plant 2'-4' wide. "See-through" plant. Foliage: 2-3 times ternately compound, then often pinnate into 5 leaflets. Terminal leaflet 3 lobed. HEAVILY POINTED ON LEAFLET APEX. Large, compound leaves. Leaflets 1"-4" long, serrate margins. Some forms have very small, finely cut leaflets. Dark green. Flower: On a few, slender, erect (sometimes arching), branching, wand like stalks of racemes. Stalks to 8' tall. Buds look like pearls. Racemes are creamy white. Slightly musty smelling flowers are on the upper part of the stalk, and may be 1'-3' tall. Each small flower has one ovary and many showy stamens. Blooms 4-5 weeks, late June into August. Seedpods attractive, disintegrate in early winter and stalks fall over. CANDELABRA, BLOOMS JUNE, 4-5 WEEKS Light: PART SHADE, SHADE. Usually does not flower heavily in full shade. To grow in more sun, mulch heavily and water well. (May still burn.) MOIST SHADE Soil: MOIST, well-drained soil of average to high fertility and high in organic matter. HIGH FERTILITY Propagation: Seed. Division in early spring. Place rhizome so eyes are 1" below ground level. Pests & Diseases: Leaf spots, rust occasionally, never serious. Some form of leaf blight or leaf nematode has been damaging plants in this area for several years. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers; naturalized in woodlands, or along the edge of a pond or stream among shrubs. ECOLOGICAL Attracts bees. Larvae host for the Spring Azure butterfly GENERAL Maintenance: Low maintenance plant. Mulch to retain moisture. Water during drought. Deer resistant.

Amsonia hubrichtii Arkansas Amsonia

Apocynaceae (Dogbane Family) NATIVITY Oklahoma & Arkansas- meadows, fields, gravel creek bottoms and dry rocky outcrops. Form MEDIUM ERECT MOUNDING SHRUB LIKE 3 1/2 wide. 2"-4" long Light to medium green, Clump; 1'-3 1/2 erect plant that may arch with age (3 years) to form a soft mound. Foliage: GOLDEN YELLOW FALL COLOR. Leaves alternate, entire, narrow (1/4") and linear, Foliage is attractive the entire growing season. Light to medium green, turning gold, yellow and orange in fall. Fine texture. Milky sap. Clusters of leafy stems grow from below the flower clusters as blooming ends Flower: STEEL BLUE STAR SHAPED MID MAY TO JUNEClusters (1-3") of steel-blue star shaped flowers. Corolla to 3/4" wide. Blooms 4-5 weeks at LWG, from second week of May to the third week of June. Clusters of slender seedpods 2"-4" long are hidden by the elongating stems that grow from below the flower clusters Light: FULL SUN PART SHADE. Plant blooms better and has best fall color in full sun. It may become open and need support or cutting back in shade. Soil: TOLERANT Best in deep, moist, well-drained soil, of average fertility containing organic matter. Tolerates many kinds of soils, including low fertility and gravelly ones. Propagation: Seeds (self-sows). Division in spring or fall. Cuttings. Hybridizes with other Amsonia spp. Pests& Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders, containers, tall groundcover, hedge. Cut flowers including the follage or seedpods (sear cut end of stem). Great fall color. ECOLOGICAL AtTRACTS BUTTERFLIES

Disporopsis pernyi Evergreen-solomon's-seal

Asparagaceae (Asparagus Family) Form: LOW, SPECIMENRhizomatous, evergreen arching foliage 12"-18" tall. Spreads slowly to about a foot wide over five years. White Lily-of-the-Valley like flowers appear in late May into June. SEMI-EVERGREEN Foliage: STEMS ARE ARCHING PURPLE SPOTTED. Leaves alternate, dark green, shiny, EVERGREEN. Lanceolate to elliptical. 2"-6" long by 1/2"-1 1/2" wide. Base rounded to obtuse. Apex acuminate. Flower: The white, campanulate flowers appear dangling on pedicels at the leaf axils either singly or in clusters of two. FRAGRANT Berries are dark purple to brown-purple at maturity. Blooms late May into mid-June. Light: PARTIAL TO DEEP SHADE Soil: Moist, humus-rich soil, well drained. Average to fertile soil. Tolerant of some drought when established. Propagation: By division in early spring, or by seed. Seed may need double dormancy. Two or more clones will give a better seed set. Pests&Diseases: None serious LANDSCAPE USES Slowly spreading groundcover, or specimen plant for shade beds and woodlands. GENERAL Maintenance: May cut back winter damaged foliage in the early spring. COMMENTS The species is often sold as the cultivar Disporopsis pernyi 'Bill Baker.

Aster tataricus Tatarian Aster

Asteraceae Form VERY TALL Spreading by rhizomes. Species 7-8 tall erect leafy plant. Cultivar 4'-5 1/2' tall and stiffly erect. Growth is stagnant until August. Pinch or Chelsea chop until July. VERY TALL Foliage: BASAL leaves spatulate-oblong, to 2' long, including the LONG WINGED petioles. They die as flower stalk elongates. Stem leaves are lanceolate, elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, to 1', including petiole. Uppermost leaves nearly sessile and linear. All leaves have coarsely toothed margins and are covered with short bristly hairs. Ridged stems. Looks like Swiss chard when it emerges. Striated ridged stem. Flower In heads to 1 1/4" wide, clustered in large corymbs. Disc flowers yellow, ray flowers lavender-blue. Bloom, at least 4 weeks, begins in LATE SEPT TO LATE OCTOR NOV, may continue nto November Flowers do not close at night. Stems fall over in early winter. Light: FULL SUN Soil: Well-drained soil of average fertlity. TOLERANT DRY sand, WET CLAY, cold, heat and humidity Propagation: Division LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, meadow gardens, cut flowers Can be chopped for height variation as late as July

Chrysanthemum (Rubellum Group) Chrysanthemum

Asteraceae Form: MEDIUM Mounded plants, spreading by rhizomes. Branching stems, 24"-36" tall by 2-3' wide. May become woody at the base. Divided foliage and abundant daisy-like flowers in fall. Foliage: Dark-green, alternate. Deeply divided into 5 lobes and may be coarsely toothed. Lower leaves to 4" long. Leaves smaller, less lobed and toothed as they ascend the stem. Somewhat hairy leaves and stems. Aromatic when touched. Flower: DAISY LIKE FRAGRANT. 1 to 5 flower heads in a loose cluster. Flower heads 2"-3" across. Disc flowers yellow. Ray flowers white, cream, pink, rose, rose-red or lavender. Fragrant. Variable bloom time, depending on weather, pinching, LATE AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER FOR 4 WEEKS. Light: FULL SUN Soil: Well-drained, evenly moist soill of average to moderate fertility. AVOID WET WINTER CONDITIONS LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders. Especially in the front of borders, mass planting. Good late fall border plant. Containers, Cut flowers

Helianthus 'Lemon Queen' Sunflower

Asteraceae NATIVITY A naturally occurring hybrid found the Mid-west from Canada to Texas and in the East from Maine to Maryland. Form: VERY TALL 5-8' tall by 3-4' wide. Bushy, upright, rhizomatous sunflower with masses of lemon- yellow flowers over a long period of time branches at the top. Can Chelsea chop Foliage: LEMON YELLOW Hairy, opposite, rough, dark green, serrated leaves. 4"-5" long. Lanceolate to elliptical. Feels like sandpaper p, scabrous. JULY INTO FALL Flower: Lemon-yellow ray flowers surround pale gold disc flowers. 2" across. Bloom begins in mid-summer Light: FULL SUN Soil: AVERAGE TO DRY moisture, adaptable. LANDSCAPE USES CUT FLOWER Meadows, back of the border, and center of island beds. Color of flower is easy to use. Good cut flower. Better in wild gardens, floppy needs staking ECOLOGICAL Attractive to BEES AND BUTTERFLIES

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae New England Aster

Asteraceae NATIVITY Canada United States PA NATIVE KEY ID TRAITS TALL erect plant with showy pink to purple ray flowers. Disc flowers are yellow aging to purple. Blooms in Aug. through Sept., sometimes persisting into Oct. Form: Tall, erect plant from 18"-7, depending on the cultivar, with showy pink to purple ray flowers and golden disc flowers. Foliage:rowded alternate, lanceolate leaves with entire margins and two ear shaped lobes (auricula ulate) at the base of each leaf. Clasping leaf. Hairy stems. Leaves die at the base of the stem. Cut back after blooming leaves will flush out form proved form. Flower: SHOWY Clusters f flower heads 1"-2" across. 45-100 ray flowers ranging from white, pink rose, lavender to purple. Golden disc flowers. Sticky floral bracts. BLOOMS 4-6 WEEKS AUGUST THROUGH SEPT INTO OCTOBER. Sometimes into October. FLOWERS CLOSE AT NIGHT Light: FULL SUN- Flowers poorly in part shade. Soil: Evenly moist, well-drained soil of average fertility. Tolerates some drought. SALT TOLERANT LANDSCAPE USES NATURAL GARDENS, BEDS MEADOWS BORDERS COBTAINERS Cut flowers (daytime use only). 'Purple Dome' is smaller, more compact ECOLOGICAL VALUE/BENEFITS: attracts butterflies LATE SEASON NECTAR OR POLLEN SOURCE

Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' Orange Coneflower

Asteraceae NATIVITY The species is found in moist meadows, clearings and swamps Connecticut to West Virginia, west to Michigan and Missouri. Species NATIVE TO PA. Wetter areas. Form: MEDIUM Spreading by rhizomes; 24"-30" tall dense mound with branching stems, flowers at top. Foliage: Alternate. Basal leaves broadly elliptic ovate, 3"-6" long, stem leaves reduced in size on the upper parts f the plant. Margins may be coarsely crenate or serrate. Dark green. Smoother than Echinacea Stem 4- angled. Flower: BOLD YELLOW In heads 3"-4" wide, disc flowers brown-violet, ray flowers orange-gold. LONG BLOOMS JULY AUGUST THEN SPORADICALLY TO OCTOBER. Dark brown seedheads attractive winter. ATTRACTIVE SEEDHEADS Light: Full Sun - partial sun Soil: Any well-drained soil of average fertility, with adequate moisture. Spreads rapidly in high fertility soil. Does poorly in wet soils. Needs well-drained s ter Propagation: Division in spring every four years, cuttings, seeds. Self-sows extensively. LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders, containers; meadow gardens and naturalized areas; CUT FLOWERS, dried flowers (in silica gel). Seedheads for winter interest. ECOLOGICAL Flowers attract BUTTERFLIES BIRDS eat seeds. Maintenance: Remove some or all of the seedheads to limit self-sowing if desired.

Solidago rugosa 'Fireworks' Rough Goldenrod

Asteraceae NATIVITY in EASTEN NORTH AMERICA, and is a PA native. Form: TALLA wide-spreading, pyramidal, open plant with drooping, branched panicles of flowers. 3'-3 1/2' tall. Slowly enlarging clump. Foliage: Alternate, crowded, to 5" long, lanceolate to elliptical to oval, with toothed margins. Usually loses its lower leaves. Leaves and stems variably hairy. Deep veins make the leaves look wrinkled. Can be Chelsea chopped. Flower: Small, many-flowered heads clustered into PANICLES. GOLDEN YELLOW flowers heads sit on top of the branches of the panicles. Panicles approximately 8"-14" high, and form an open spreading pyramid. Blooms 4 weeks in SEPTEMBER INTO OCTOBER. Seedheads fuzzy, pale tan. Light: Full Sun - Tolerates partial shade, but does not bloom as heavily, more prone to disease and may lean. Soil: MOISTISH , well-drained soil of average fertility. May need watering in prolonged drought. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers, rain gardens, meadows. Cut flowers, dried flowers. ECOLOGICAL VALUE Flowers attract BUTTERFLIES, BEES BIRDS CATERPILLARS

Leucanthemum x superbum 'Becky Shasta Daisy

Asteraceae (Aster Family) Form: ABUDANT PRISTINE WHITE FLOWERS. with contrasting yellow centers, appear on bushy, erect stems from 3'-4' tall. Spread 2'-3'. Foliage: Basal leaves are evergreen in Zone 7. They are glossy medium green, coarsely toothed, and lance shaped. Leaves are sparse on flowering stems and alternate. STOUT ERECT STEMS.that do not need staking. Leathery no hairs. EVERGREEN Flower: Single, white ray flowers surround the fertile, yellow disc flowers. The composite flower ranges from 3"-4" wide. Blooms for 6 or more weeks beginning mid-June. Long bloom. 6 WEEKS FROM MID JUNE Light: FULL SUN - TOLERATES LIGHT SHADE. Soil: Well-drained, average to rich garden loam; neither too wet nor too dry. INTOLERANT OF WET SOILS and poorly drained soils. Propagation: Division in early spring. Stem cuttings. LANDSCAPE USES Specimen or mass plantings in beds, borders, cottage gardens and meadows. Can be used as a main event' plant for the summer border. CUT FLOWERS ECOLOGICAL ATTRACTS BEES AND BUTTERFLIES

Achillea 'Moonshine' Hybrid Yarrow

Asteraceae (Aster Family) Form: Clump. Folage to 12" tall, upright flowers to 24" tall in bloom. To 20" wide. Foliage: BRIGHT LEMON-YELLOW. LONG BLOOMING LATE MAY-AUGUST Alternate, pinnately divided, silver-gray. AROMATIC when touched. Leaves to 12" tall and 3 wide. Semi-evergreen. Fine textured. Basal foliage dies as flowers bloom. Stem foliage usually dies as seeds mature. Flower: 3/16" in mostly flat, dense compound corymbs to 2 1/2" or larger. Bright lemon-yellow color, fading to clear yellow. Main bloom perlod late May into late July for 6-9 weeks, with sporadic rebloom summer into fall. Dead head to control. MANY COLORFUL CULTIVARS Light: FULL SUN Soil: Well-drained, average to low fertility. TOLERATES LOW FERTILITY DROUGHT TOLERANT Pruning or Thinning: Deadhead to lateral buds. Cut flower stalks to basal foliage when finished blooming. Propagation: Division of clumps in spring or fall, cuttings in mid-summer. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, rust, stem rot and aphids promoted by rich, moist soil. Otherwise, no serious problems. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, and containers. CUT AND DRIED FLOWERS. Dried seedheads. ECOLOGICAL Attracts BUTTERFLIES. Deer resistant.

Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow

Asteraceae (Aster Family) Form: SHORT. Rhizomatous. Follage to 12" tal. Erect leafy flower stalks to 3' (species). Width increases by rhizomes. Plant dies out in the middle and regrows shortly thereafter. Foliage: Alternate. Finely 2-3 times pinnately divided. Bright green. AROMATIC when touched. Semi-evergreen. Leaves are 3-5" long and 2 wide, soft fern-like texture. Basal foliage dies as flowers bloom. Stem follage usually dies as seeds mature. Flower: LEMON YELLOW LONG BLOOM MAY THROUGH JUNE, REBLOOM AUGUST THROUGH SEPTEMBERHeads of ray and disc flowers in dense corymbs. Flowers of species are white. Varieties and cultivars have deep rose, to pink, or lavender flower heads with a white center. Color fades to near white. Blooms for 6-8 weeks from late May to early July with variable light rebloom in August and September. Light: FULL SUN Soil: TOLERATES LEAN. Well-drained, average to low fertility. Average to dry moisture. Rots in wet soil. Drought tolerant. Propagation: Division in spring. Stem cuttings in summer. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew and stem rot caused by rich, moist soil. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers; meadow gardens; CUT DRY FLOWERS (some cultivar TOLEARATES SALT AND WINDS ECOLOGICAL Flowers ATTRACT BUTTERFLIES

Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower

Asteraceae (Aster Family) NATIVITY E &C United States Found in moist prairies, meadows and woodland clearings in Ohio to Michigan and lowa; south to Okdahoma, Loulsiana and Georgia. Form: MEDIUM Clumping habit. Fibrous roots. 2-4' erect, stiff plant by 1'-2' wide, with attractive daisy lke flowers. Foliage: Alternate. Lower leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, coarsely toothed and on long petioles (petioles are usually winged). Upper leaves narrower, sessile. Leaves and round stems are covered with short, rough hairs. Very sandpapery. No milky sap like Amsonia. Flower: COLORFUL FLOWERS LONG BLOOM SUMMERSolitary heads to 3" wide. Drooping ray flowers, rose to rose-violet or white. Disc flowers appear in an orange-brown, cone-shaped head. Seed head is attractive in fall and early winter. Some cultivars are fragrant. 30-36" tall. SEED HEADS ADD WINTER INTEREST AND FOOD SOURCE. Light: Full Sun - Tolerates light shade. Soil: Well-drained soil, average fertility. DROUGHT TOLERANT Propagation: Seed, self-sows. Division in spring. Root cuttings. Patented plants may not be propagated Pests&Diseases: Virus (flowers stay green and don't open). Discard diseased plants. Aster Yellows (spread by the aster leafhopper). Leaf Spots, Powdery Mildew (seldom serious). Japanese beetles, aphids, and whiteflies LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders, meadows. Cut flowers, Cones are good for arrangements. Seed heads provide winter interest in the garden. ECOLOGICAL: ATTRACT POLLINATORS AND BUTTERFLIES. Attracts bees, butterflies, Larval moths. Goldfinches. Beneficial Solder beetle

Lamprocapnos spectabilis Bleeding-heart

FAMILY Papaveraceae (Poppy Family) Form: MEDIUM Clumping habit; 2'-3' tall and wide; arching flower stalks and leaves; stout rhizome. The plant usually goes dormant after flowering,DORMANT BY MID JULY Foliage: Gray-green, ternately compound, broad leaf segments. Flower: In simple racemes to 9" long, hanging below the stalk. Flowers to 1/2" long, heart shaped. Outer petals are rose-red with turned back tips. White inner petals project through the outer petals. BLOOMS APRIL TO MAY Light: Shade, Partial Shade Grows in full shade but has fewer flowers. Soil: Moist, well drained, average fertility, humus rich. Propagation: Seeds. Careful division in spring or fall. Root cuttings in spring. Pests & Diseases: Stem rot and wilt resulting from wet soil and poor drainage. Rust. LANDSCAPE USES In shady beds and borders and in woods. Containers. GENERAL Maintenance: Keep well watered and mulched delay dormancy. When mulched and watered it tolerates full sun, but goes dormant quickly after flowering. Plant near perennials such as Begonia grandis or Hosta that will spread and cover the space left by the dormant foliage. Deer resistant

Parthenium integrifolium American Feverfew

Asteraceae (Aster Family) NATIVITY E& C US Found in dry woods and prairies from New York, west to Minnesota and south to Louisiana. Native to Pennsylvania. Form: LONG LIVED, clump forming, tap-rooted native plant with long lasting, showy, wooly, white flowers. Upright,narrow. 2'-3' tall by 1'-2' wide. Foliage: Rosette of large, undivided, rough and coarsely serrate, basal leaves, usually 6" long by 4 wide on long petioles. Stem leaves are alternate. The petioles get shorter as they go higher up the stem until they become sessile. Very toothed leaf. Petiole is not quite as winged and leaf is not quite as puckered as Aster tartaricus. Flower: MID TO LATE SUMMER. SHOWY WOOLY WHITE HEADSBroad, flat corymb of small, white button-like flower heads. Five small fertile ray flowers surround wooly, white sterile disc flowers. Flower heads are showy from mid-spring to late summer. Looks a little like Pycnathemum flower. Grey white. Light: Full Sun - light shade Soil: Average soil. Tolerates CLAY, DRY ROCKY conditions and rocky soil. Moist, well-drained to slightly dry soil is best. Adaptable. Propagation: Seed Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Cottage gardens, borders, naturalized in MEADOWS, prairies and NATIVE plant gardens. ECOLOGICAL Attracts bees, wasps, flies, beetles. GENERAL Maintenance: Best planted in mid-spring. Very low maintenance. Drought tolerant, deer and rabbit resistant, non-agressive flower arrangements. Formerly used as a diuretic and other medicinal uses. native plant. Good for cut and dried

Symphytum x uplandicum 'Axminster Gold' Comfrey

Boraginacese (Borage Family) Form: MEDIUM STUNNING BARIEGATED BROAD FOLIAGE with an upright habit to 3' tall by 2' wide. The plant is usually cut back hard after flowering to form a 3' wide mound about 15 tall. Taproot. Follage: Alternate, large leaves up to 14" long and 6-8" wide. Oblong, and hairy. Medium green foliage with cream to yellow, broadly banded edging Flower: Buds rose, open pale pink and mature lavender. Belll-shaped in drooping clusters from mid-spring to early summer Light: Full Sun-part shade Soil: Moist, well-drained, average to organically rich. Transplanting: The large taproot resents transplanting Propagation: Root cuttings in early winter. Stem cuttings in spring. Pests & Diseases: Slugs, powdery mildew. LANDSCAPE Borders, herb garden, shade gardens, specimen plant, and focal point. GENERAL Maintenance: Top dress with organic mulch annually and cut back after flowering to produce new larger foliage COMMENTS new, larger foliage. Symphytums add high nitrogen content and act as an activator to the compost pile. When mature, this is a stunning, eye catching plant, especially in mid to late summer after the new, larger, lower foliage and habit develops

Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon-flower

CAMPANULACEAE Form: Clumping perennial. Landscape size: Upright leafy stems 18"-23 tall, 12-18 wide. Growth rate: Fast. LONG-LIVED IF SITED PROPERLY. LOW MAINTENANCE Foliage: Alternate, ovate to ovate-lanceolate with a pointed tip, 1"-3" long, with sharply toothed (dentate) margins. Sessile or on very short petioles. Nodes slant upward toward the top of the plant. Dark green on top, light green below. frequently dark burgundy. Leaves bloom first, then the axillary Flower: BELLSHAPED BLUE VIOLET MAUVE. LONG BLOOMING MID JUNE 6-8 WEEKS. BUDS LOOK LIKE SMALL BALLOONS. Usually solitary, sometimes in small clusters, terminal and in leaf axils. Terminal flowers flowers. Buds are inflated and look like small balloons before opening at the tip (apically) into shallow bellshaped or saucer-shaped upward-facing 5-lobed flowers 1"-3" across. Flowers are single and are blue-violet to mauve. Usually blooms mid to late June, July, most of August, 6-8 weeks of bloom. LIGHT: FULL SUN PART SHADE. Light afternoon shade protects pale pink flowers from fading. In the southern part of its range, light to partial shade or afternoon shade is needed. Soil: Evenly moist, well-drained soil of average to high fertility containing organic matter. Propagation: Seed-plants usually bloom the second year from seed. Selfsows slightly. New plants may not look like parent plants. Division in spring. This can be difficult (but not impossible) because of the thick, fleshy root. Take outer sections with buds and small side roots attached Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, rust, slugs. Rabbits and deer LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers; cut flowers (sear end of stem),

Eryngium planum Flat-leaved Eryngo

FAMILY Apiaceae / Umbelliferae (Carrot Family) Form: TAPROOT. 2'-3' tall by 1 1/2'-2 1/2' wide. Clumping plant. Stiff, open, branching stems above a basal rosette of foliage. Foliage: BASAL leaves are leathery, deep green, oblong to elliptical with a heart shaped base and saw-toothed (serrate) margins. Stem leaves are sessile, deeply cut and and spiny. Stems and blooms appear, and stem leaves become gray-blue as the flowers open. Basal leaves die when the stem leaves die when the seeds appear. Basal leaves regrow. HEART SHAPED LEAVES WITH CORDATE BASE. Flower: SPINY BRACTS, SPIKY BLUE FLOWERS. Blue flowers form an oval(round) head 1/2"-3/4" across. Surrounded by 6-8 narrow, spiny silver-blue bracts each 5/8-2" long. Blooms about 4 weeks in July. The color is brighter in cooler weather. ATTRACTIVE SEEDHEADS Light: FULL SUN (Better color) Soil: TOLERANT, AVERAGE TO DRY. well-drained soil, average fertility. Tolerates poor soil, sandy, or gravelly soil, and high salt levels. Drought tolerant. SALT TOLERANT, DROUGHT TOLERANT Propagation: Fresh seed. Root cuttings in winter. Self-sows. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, stem rot, leaf spot. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, rock gardens; cut flowers, dried flowers. ECOLOGICAL Attracts bees. GENERAL Maintenance: Cut flowering stems to the ground in late August to reduce seeding. Move when dormant. Early spring best. May take two years to recover. Remains of the old taproot may resprout. Adds an interesting textural element to the garden. Deer resistant.j

Liatris spicata Blazing-star

FAMILY Asteraceae NATIVITY EASTERN US. Ususally found in wet meadows. Ontario Michigan, south to Florida and Louisiana Form: VERTICAL TALLClump. Stiffly erect unbranched leafy flower stalks, 2-5' tall, above arching foliage, 1-2 wide. Grows from tuberous roots. Foliage: Alternate, simple, linear, with entire margins. Basal leaves 10"-12" long and 1/2" wide. Stem leaves become smaller going up the flower stalk. green, sometimes burgundy in fall. Flower: Heads of rosy lavender or white disc flowers, arranged in a dense spike to 30" tall. Heads are 3/8" across. Flower heads open from the top of the flower stalk down and flowers are usually not all in bloom at one time. Blooms 3-4 weeks July into August. Seedheads and vertical stalks attractive to mid-winter. Light: Full Sun Soil: MOIST, well-drained soil of average fertility containing organic matter. Propagation: Seed. Lift tuberous roots and divide in spring, replanting 4 deep. Pests & Diseases: Mice eat tuberous roots. Aphids and lily beetles. Deer resistant. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers; MEADOWS garden; CUT FLOWERS, dry flowers. Good vertical lines. ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS: Nectar source for BUTTERFLIES. Larval host for Camouflaged Looper BIRDS EAT SEEDS

Coreopsis verticillata Thread-leaf Coreopsis

FAMILY Asteraceae (Aster Family) NATIVITY E UITED STATES, Open, dry woods and clearings from Maryland and south. Form: Attractive fine foliage. 1'-2' bushy, mounds with small, yellow, daisy-like flowers. Foliage: Opposite, sessile. 1"-2" long, palmately divided into threes, and the divisions cut into thread-like segments. Fine texture. Flower: ABUNDANT, 8 yellow ray flowers, around yellow disc flowers. Flower heads to 2" wide, in clusters. Blooms from June to August. LONG BLOOM SEASON. ATTRACTIVE WINTER SEED HEADS Light: Full Sun Soil: TOLERANT POOR AND DRY. Well-drained, with average to dry soil, average to low fertility. LEAN Propagation: Seeds, will self-sow. Division in spring or fall every 2-3 years. Cuttings. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, rot, thrips and mites. LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders, xeriscaping, meadows, containers. Cut flowers. Stems and seeds provide winter interest. ECOLOGICAL ATTRACTS GOLDFINCHES. GENERAL Maintenance: Cut back after first flush of flowers to encourage rebloom. May need dividing after several years to rejuvenate. Deer Resistant.

Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf

FAMILY Berberidaceae (Barberry Family) NATIVITY C&E United States Ontario to Tennessee, found in rich, moist woods, usually on calcareous soils. PENNSYLVANIA NATIVE Form: Fibrous roots. Leaflets 6" wide and up to 18" tall. Handsome foliage. Interesting, ornamental, leathery seed capsule that forms a hinged lid. Foliage: TWO LEAFLET PAIRS. Leaves are basal, glabrous, glaucous beneath and blueish-green. Long petioled. In mirrored sets of two, deeply cleft, symmetrical lobes, each up to 5" long and 2 3/4" wide. Leaflets have entire or wavy margins. SEMI EPHEMERAL Flower: 1"-1 1/4" white flowers, with eight petals and four sepals that appear briefly on thin, naked scapes in spring.Solitary, white, cup-shaped, 8-petaled flowers on slender 6"-8" tall leafless stalk. After flowering, the stalk increases up to 18" tall. Flowers produce no nectar, and are fragile, shattering after several days. BLOOMS IN APRIL VERY SHORT BLOOM. Fruit: Erect, leathery, pear-shaped capsule, the upper third of which opens like a hinged lid when the seeds are ripe. Seeds have eliaiosomes. Spacing: 12" Light: Partial Shade - shade Soil: Prefers moist, humus-rich neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Responds to drought and high heat by entering dormancy early Propagation: Seed sown fresh, given cold/moist stratification. Seeds germinate best after two years of natural temperature fluctuations. Occasionally self-seeds. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Woodland garden, groundcover or specimen plant. ECOLOGICAL Provides low cover; seeds are ant dispersed. GENERAL Dust soil annually with dolomitic limestone (magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate), or plant with a scant handful of crushed oyster shell, if your soil is acidic. Keep well watered during times of drought. The flowers last only a few days, and the entire plant may go dormant during periods of drought. Named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, who grew this species at Monticello. Jeffersonia often begins flowering on or around his birthday, April 13th.

Disporum uniflorum Fairy-bells

FAMILY Colchicaceae (Colchicum Family) Form: MEDIUM Rhizomatous. Elegant, branched stems have an erect habit 18"-30" tall. Medium green leaves. Up to three pale yellow, nodding bell shaped flowers on short petioles in spring, followed by blue-black berries in fall. SLOW TO CLUMP Foliage: Alternate. Glabrous. Ovate to oblong-ovate, 2"-3" long. Simple, entire. Medium green in summer, often GOLDEN IN FALL. Flower: TERMINAL, tubular clusters of 1 to 3 vivid yellow flowers. 1" long. Hanging from short petioles. BLOOMS IN SPRING. Fruit: BLACK berries in fall. Light: Partial Shade - to full shade. Tolerates morning sun. Soil: Organically rich, slightly acid. Moist, but WILL TAKE DRY SHADE OR SOME SUN Propagation: Division in early spring. Seed (hypogeal). well-drained, average, or dry. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Woodland gardens, shady beds and borders. grow. GENERAL Maintenance: Mulch, preferably with ground leaves. Truly elegant woodland plant that is easy to grow

Lathyrus vernus Bitter Pea-vine

FAMILY Fabaceae (Bean Family) Form: Non-climbing, bushy mound. Erect stems growing from a tight crown. Pea-like flowers in spring. Slowly spreading clump. 14" tall by 12" wide. Foliage: The alternate leavesare pinnately compound with 2 to 3 pairs of leaflets. Each leaflet is entire, oval to lanceolate, and 2 3/4" long without a tendril. FOLIAGE OFTEN DIES DURING SUMMER Flower: Red-violet, PEA-LIKE flowers in axillary racemes. 6 to 10 flowers on a flowering stem. Each flower is about 3/4" long. Slender bean-like pods. Blooms APRIL TO MAY. Not fragrant. Light: Full Sun IN SPRING THEN PART SUN Needs early spring sunshine, but tolerates full, deciduous shade in summer. Soil: Moist, well-drained, humus rich soils. pH slightly acid to neutral. Propagation: Seed, or by division in early spring. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Woodland gardens, partly shaded beds and borders, natural gardens. ECOLOGICAL Attracts bees and butterflies. GENERAL Maintenance free. Plants have deep roots and can tolerate some drought. They are not heat tolerant and often don't perform well in full sun during hot summers

Geranium macrorrhizum Cranesbill

FAMILY Geraniaceae (Geranium Family) Form: LOW ,MID TO LATE SPRING BLOOMING rhizomatus herb to 16" tall and 24" wide. The foliage is SEMI EVERGREEN and has a good winter color. Foliage: VERY AROMATIC FOLIAGE, NARROWER SINUSES, HAIRIER. ROUNDER LOBES in late spring to early summer 12"-16" tall. Mid-green leaves are divided into seven lobes, which are also lobed. Leaves and stems are hairy. Thick fleshy rhizomes. The foliage is semi-evergreen with attractive MAROON WINTER TINTS. Flower: 3/4"-11/2" flowers appear in mid-May in shades from magenta, to pink, to white. They are held well above the foliage in terminal branching clusters. Flowers have five petals in a flat or slightly reflexed circle. The anthers and stigma sit at the ends of long curving filaments. Light: Full Sun -partial shade Soil: Humus rich, slightly acid to basic soil. Good drainage. TOLERATES DRY SHADE Propagation: Division. Seed, stratify or direct sow. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Weed smothering groundcover. Edging, alpine or rock garden plant. Shady beds and borders. Lightly shaded woodlands. ECOLOGICAL Attractive to bees, butterflies, and birds. GENERAL Maintenance: Very low maintenance plant. Does well in dry shade. Deer resistant. Leaves used as a source of Oil of Geranium. The name crane's bill comes from the fact that the seed pods look like a crane's bill and snap open like a bird's beak to release the seeds. Handles dry to moist situations, drought tolerant, candidate for xeriscaping.

Agastache 'Blue Fortune' Giant-hyssop

FAMILY Lamiaceae/ Labiatae (Mint Family) NATIVITY A sterile hybrid of Agastache foeniculum (north-central North America) and A. rugosa (Korea). Hybridized by Gert Fortgens at the Trompenburg Arboretum in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Form: Long blooming, cylindrical inflorescence of light blue flowers on bushy, vigorous plants. In flower, a plant can reach 48" tall. Foliage: Triangular to broadly, lance-shaped leaves. Opposite, dentate. Leaves are aromatic, smelling of licorice. Stems: Square stems. VERY SMOOTH LEAF Flower: LONG BLOOMING MIDSUMMER THROUGH SEPTEMBER. LIGHT BLUE FLOWERS. LICORICE SCENTED FOLIAGENarrow, vertical inflorescence 4"-6" long by 3/4" wide. Flowers are LGHT BLUE and tightly stacked tiers. Blooms from mid-summer through September, if kept deadheaded. Light: Full Sun Soil: Well-drained, average to dry conditions. Average fertillity Propagation: Division in spring. Pests & Diseases: None serious LANDSCAPE USES Borders, herb gardens, cut flowers, drought tolerant landscapes, and large containers. ECOLOGICAL ATTRACTIVE TO BEES BUTTERFLIES AND HUMMINGBOARDS

Dicentra eximia Wild Bleeding-heart

FAMILY Papaveraceae (Poppy Family) NATIVITY E United States - Mountains from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Found in rich woods and on cliffs. Form: Clumping; 12"-18" tall and wide rounded mound, flowers above foliage. Leaves and scape coming from a fleshy, scaly rhizome. Foliage: BASAL, fern-like foliage, on long petioles, TERNATELY, PINNATELY COMPOUND ternately compound, then pinnately compound. Cultivars vary in how finely cut and how glaucous their leaves are. Leaves may be green, blue- green or gray-green. Foliage emerges in March. Brittle leaf stalks. Usually attractive all growing season Flower: Less then 1" long in panicles of racemes, white to pale pink to rose to deep lavender. The two outer petals taper from a cordate base to a long narrow neck, then separate below the middle of the flower into pointed tips. Inner petals barely show below the outer petals. Flowering heavy in April, May, June, slows in summer and begins again in the fall. Can continue until frost. LONG BLOOM APRIL-JUNE THEN AGAIN IN FALL Light: Partial Shade - does bloom well in full shade Soil: Best in rich soil, high in organic matter and neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Likes moist soil but well drained, especially in winter. ORGANIC WELL DRAINED MOIST Propagation: Seeds (self-sowing may produce inferior plants). plants to set seed. Division in early Pests&Diseases: Rust in wet growing spring (best) and fall. Self-sterile. Need two or more seasons. Aphids occasionally LANDSCAPE USES Beds and borders, containers, wildflower garden, open wood, edges of woods, rock gardens; cut flowers GENERAL Maintenance: A low maintenance plant. Fertilize occasionally and dust with limestone every other year. Prolong bloom by mulching, watering, and deadheading the spent flower scapes at their base. Deer resistant. Sap may cause skin irritation.

Dryopteris erythrosora Japanese Shield Fern

FAMILY Polypodiaceae (Polypody Family) Form: SLOW increasing, short, creeping rhizome. UPRIGHT- arching shaped cluster of fronds. 11/2-2' tall. 2-4' wide. Foliage: COPPERY STYPE AND RACHIS .NEW GROWTH IS COPPERY. LOOSER EVERGREEN. may be tattered at the end of winter before fresh foliage grows. Medium to dark green blades broadly ovate to oblong, 12"-28" long, 6"-14" wide, on a stipe 12"-24" long. Fronds are bipinnate and leaf segments finely toothed. Near the frond tip, the small divisions may be lobed instead of cut into segments. Young leaves dark copper, turn coppery pink, then green. Flower: A flowerless plant, reproducing by spores rather than seeds. Double rows of spore cases (sori) are on the backs of upper pinnae. Covers of the spore cases (indusia) are bright red on new leaves, turning brown as spores mature. DOUBLE ROWS OF SORI Light: Shade, Partial Shade Soil: Moist, high to average fertility, high in organic matter. Propagation: Spores collected summer into fall, division of clumps spring and fall. Self-sows. Pests & Diseases: None serious. shrubs and herbaceous plants. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, containers, woods. Good at the base of leggy herbaceous plants. Use to fill holes when Mertensia virginica, Adonis amurensis and spring slope so viewers can see the underside of fronds. bulbs go dormant. Plant on a GENERAL Maintenance: A mulch helps retain moisture and keeps soil cool. May become dormant in prolonged heat and drought, One of the many possible ferns which are suitable for ornamental use. Deer resistant.

Primula sieboldii Japanese Woodland Primrose

FAMILY Primulaceae (Primrose Family) Landscape Size: 4"-8" tall by 8" wide. Growth Rate: Average Foliage: 2"-4" long, LOW pale green, wrinkled, PUBESCENT. Ovate with cordate base, SCALLOPED margins, long petioles. ROMAINE LETTUCE LEAVES Flower: Bloom APRIL TO MAY. 1"-1 1/2" wide. Purple, white, or rose with white eye. Corolla lobes may be fringed or notched. 6 to 10 flowers are held in umbels above foliage. EPHEMERAL. SPRING BLOOM THEN DORMANT Light: Full Sun -to part shade. Needs moisture in sun. NEEDS MOISTURE IN SUN Soil: Average to moist. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, moist meadows to woodlands. GENERAL Primula sieboldii has somewhat of a horticultural 'cult' following. It does not have the heavy moisture requirements of other Primula species. It is well suited to moist woodlands. Summer dormant

Alchemilla mollis Lady's-mantle

FAMILY Rosaceae (Rose Family) Form: Low-growing groundcover with decorative, scalloped foliage and sprays of attractive flowers. Clump-forming, 12"-18" tall. Foliage: LIGHT GREEN AND PUBESCENT TOOTHED EDGES and soft to the touch. The toothed leaves have shallow lobes and are particularly pretty after a soft rain when the captured droplets glisten in the sun. Flower: Lime-green flowers are produced IN SPRING. The APETALOUS (no petals) flowers are about 1/4" wide. Long lasting and attractive as a cut flower. Light: PART SHADE - Will be stunted if placed in full sun or planted into a dry location. Alchemilla mollis is more heat tolerant than many other species. Soil: Moist, well-drained soil. Transplanting: Easy Propagation: Fresh seed germinates readily, or divide in spring or fall. Pests & Diseases: WATER COLLECTS Water that is trapped by the hairy leaves and does not dry out. During rainy spells at night, this provides an excellent breeding ground for a number of foliar diseases. Use of a fungicide alleviates this problem. LANDSCAPE USES Charming ground cover or as a cut flower GENERAL Wonderful, low-growing, shade-tolerant plant. Watch out for self-seeding. If it needs to be COntained, deadhead the faded flowers. Cut back hard in mid-summer for fresh foliage. WORKS WELL WITH ROSES

Heuchera 'Caramel' Coralbells

FAMILY Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) Form: LOW CLUMPING mounding clump, herbacous perennial, native to the woodlands and mountains of North America. Landscape size: 12"-18" in height and Growth Rate: Moderate to fast. Foliage: Emerges grayed-apricot orange turning to amber/golden yellow-green. Foliage AMBER APRICOT color intensity dependent on light level and temperature. Leaves are hairy and rounded, 5-7 lobes with crenate margins. Foliage is semi evergreen, basal and on long petioles Flower: Small green-white, in 15"-20" long, wiry scapes, arching above the foliage.on unbranched panicles, 1/4" long, belll-shaped; not particularly ornamental but add vertical interest. Blooms MATYTO JUNE Light: FULL SUN PART SHADE Requires moisture if grown in sun. Soil: Humusy well-drained soil of average fertility; moist conditions allow for foliage production throughout summer. HEAT AND DROUGHT TOLERANT Propagation: Division in spring or fall, seed. Pests & Diseases: Foliar nematodes, powdery mildew, rust, leaf spot. LANDSCAPE USES Edging, ground cover, rock garden, naturalizing, woodland edge. Colorful foliage adds a bright spot to beds and borders, containers. ECOLOGICAL Flowers attract hummingbirds. GENERAL Heuchera 'Caramel' is considered more tolerant of heat, humidity and sun due to Heuchera villosa in its parentage.

Astilbe (Japonica Group) Hybrid Astilbe

FAMILY Saxifragaceae (Saxifrage Family) Form: Rhizomatous; clump. Foliage mound 12"-18", erect flower spikes 18"-30" tall. Plants 12"- 24" wide. Colors bright to dark green. Some cultivars have reddish green leaves. Foliage bronze to red Foliage: 2-3 times ternately compound. The leaflets are ovate or oblong and doubly serrate. when it emerges in early spring. Flower: COLORFUL BRANCHING PANICLES of very small flowers. Form of panicle varies with cultivar. Colors range from lavender reds to roses to pinks to white. Each cultivar BLOOMS FOR 2 weeks. By selecting cultivars with different bloom times, 6 weeks of bloom is possible. JUNE INTO JULY. MILD FRAGRANCE. SEED HEADS ARE ATTRACTIVE and durable in winter. Flower stems glabrous. CUT FLOWERS Light: PART SHADE Soil: Well-drained especially in winter, high fertility, high in organic matter. Prefers it moist, BUT DOESN'T LIKE WINTER WET. Propagation: Division in early spring. Pests & Diseases: Occasional powdery mildew and wilt. Japanese beetles can be a serious problem. LANDSCAPE USES SHADY BEDS MOIST WOODLANDS. containers; naturalized in woods, near streams and ponds. Cut flowers. Seed heads good for winter interest in garden. GENERAL Maintenance: HEAVY FEEDERS. Enrich soil when planting and feed with 5-10-5 or similar fertilizer each spring when growth starts. Water during drought. Leaves scorch in hot, dry sites. DIVIDE EVERY 3 YEARS or so, or plants become woody and flowering decreases. These plants were formerly included in Astilbe x arendsi. Sited properly they are durable plants. There are many cultivars available to provide variety in the form, height, color and bloom time. Deer resistant. BLOOMS EARLY, NEEDS MORE SHADE AND MOISTURE THAN CHINENSIS.

Allium 'Millenium' Ornamental Onion

Form: 12" tall by 12" wide, strong stems. Rhizomatous with attached bulblets. Foliage: Narrow, linear, grass-like, shiny, deep green. Flower: BRIGHT ROSE/PURPLE GLOBE SHAPED FLOWERS. MID-JULY TO AUGUST for two to three weeks. Flowers are bright rose/purple globes, 2" across. DOESNT SEED AROUND Light: FULL SUN LIGHT SHADE Soil: ADAPTABLE. DROUGHT TOLERANTVersatile as to soil fertility and type. Prefers well-drained soil of average fertility and moisture. Tolerates acidic to alkaline soil, clay, loam, and sandy soils. Propagation: Division. Pests & Diseases: None serious. RABBIT AND RODENT RESISTANT LANDSCAPE USES Borders, containers, cut flowers, mass planting. Maintenance: This sterile cultivar does not need to be deadheaded. Easy to grow and drought tolerant. Does not self-seed. Deer, rabbit and rodent resistant.

Iris domestica Blackberry-Lily

Form: SEE THROUGH Clumps, slowly enlarges by rhizomes. FANS of leaves 2-3' tall, erect flower stalks 3'-4' tall. Plants to 2' wide. "See-through" plant. Very fan shaped. Foliage: Broad, flat, iris-like, to 10" long, 1" wide, equitant (overlap each other in two rows, forming a fan). Becomes distichous (arranged in two vertical rows) as flower stalks elongate. Flower: Open clusters of 3-12 flowers, each flower deep orange with red dots, to 2" wide. Starlike perianth segments pointed. Open for one day. Flowers twist spirally as they fade and then drop off. BLOOMS 2-4 WEÈKS JULY-AUGUST. When the seedpods split in the fall, the cluster of black seeds resembles a blackberry and lasts for months. CLUSTERS OF PERSISTANT FOR AUTUMN INTEREST Light: FULL SUN, PART SHADE Soil: Moist, well-drained soil of average to high fertility containing organic matter. Height varies in direct relation to soil conditions and will be lower in dry soil with low fertility. WELŁ DRAINED SOIL IN WINTER Propagation: Seeds, will self-sow abundantly and seedlings are easy to transplant. Division in spring or early fall. Remove seed pods to control IRIS BORER Remove spent leaves to control iris borer (stinks) LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, meadows. Use seedpods in dried flower arrangements. Seedpods for fall and early winter interest in the garden.

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Autumn-leadwort

Plumbaginaceae (Leadwort) Form: LOW LATE TO EMERGE.Deciduous, wiry MAT-forming perennial, 9"-12" tall, spreads 12"-18 wide. Foliage: Persistent in mild winters: alternate, lance-shaped, 3" long, on spreading stems. New foliage appears in late spring. Summer color green, BRONZE FALL COLOR. SANDPAPERY TEXTURE Flower: DEEP BLUE, 5-lobed, star-shaped flowers in bunches bloom above the foliage in small dense terminals; blooms AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER. Fruit: Brown clusters of capsules at ends of stems. Spacing: 4" pots on 12" centers CULTURE Light: Partial Sun - light shade Soil: WELL DRAINED Moderate soil with good drainage. Does not tolerate soggy conditions. Pruning or Thinning: Cut back and treat as herbaceous perennial to encourage new, lush growth. Cut back dead twigs before new growth appears in late spring. Propagation: Division just as new growth appears. Pests & Diseases: None serious.

Perovskia atriplicifolia Russian-sage

KEY ID TRAITS Tall spires of small, lavender flowers born on square stems above fragrant gray-green foliage and a "woody" base Form: TALL SILVER FOLIAGE ALL SEASON INTERESTHerbaceous perennial. Landscape Size: 2-4' tall. Can Chelsea chop Texture: Fine Growth Rate: Fast Foliage: AROMATIC. Finely-dissected, aromatic, gray-green leaves. Stems: Square, upright, woody at base. Flower: LATE JUNE TO OCTOBER Whorls of two-lipped, tubular, lavender flowers tiered in branched, terminal panicles 12"-15" in height. Light: Full Sun Soil: Average, dry to medium, well-drained. Pruning or Thinning: Cut to ground in early spring before new growth emerges. Transplanting: Early spring. Propagation: Division, softwood cuttings Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Long summer bloom time. Great for borders and sweeps. ECOLOGICAL Deer, rabbit, DROUGHT, POLLUTION AND SALT TO,ERANT. Attracts pollinators.

Tripora divaricata 'Snow Fairy' Bluebeard

Lamiaceae Form: MEDIUM Compact, SHRUB-Like Foliage: VARIEGATED, CAUDATE ACUMINATE AROMATIC Gray-green rounded habit. 4' by 4" tall and wide. leaves with broad, irregular white border. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, caudate. Aromatic. Grown for foliage. Flower: Terminal and axillary clusters of airy, blue-violet flowers; each with four petals. The lowest petal is speckled with white. Long, arcing filaments lend a graceful appearance to the flower. Blooms from late summer into fall Light: PART SHADE, FULL SUN Soil: Moist, w drained, average fertility. Intolerant of wet, or poorly drained soils. PESTS: FEW LANDSCAPE USES Borders, beds, shrub borders, BUTTERFLY, BEESgardens, cottage gardens, containers. ECOLOGICAL Attractive to butterflies, bees and other beneficial insects. Rabbit and deer resistant

Hibiscus coccineus Scarlet Rose Mallow

Malvaceae NATIVITY SE US United States Form: VERY TALL. Clumping habit. Erect leafy stems 5'-8 tall and 2'-3' wide. Flowers at the top. "See- through. Late to break in Spring. Foliage: Palmate with 3, 5, or 7 parts. Lobes linear-lanceolate, dentate. May have a red-violet midrib, petiole and stem. Flower: LARGE SCARLET FLOWERS ATTRACTIVE BROWN SEED PODS. In upper axils, 5"-6" across, deep red to rose-red. Curved bracts to 1 1/2" long behind the flower. 5 petals to 5" long, obovate, narrow at the base. Long, staminal column, Blooms late July, August, September into October. Attractive brown seedpods winter Light: Full Sun, Partial Sun-Plants in part shade have fewer flowers. SOILS:MOIST TO WET. Water in drought. Propagation: Seeds. Divide in spring. Pests & Diseases: Japanese beetles. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, border, containers, wet sites, and bogs. Maintenance: Fertilize and water regularly. Deer resistant.

Phlox paniculata Perennial Phlox

POLEMONIACEAE NATIVITY EASTERN US- Rich bottomlands and moist meadows from New York to illinois south to Missouri, Arkansas and Georgia. In Pennsylvania it is found in thickets, on hillsides and stream banks, often in calcareous soils. Form: MEDIUM TO TALL Clumping habit. 1'-5' tall, 1'-2' wide. Stiff, erect, leafy stems. Showy clusters of flowers at top of stem. Foliage: Pointed, broadly lanced-shaped, mid-green, OPPOSITE, ENTIRE leaves. Lateral veins branching from a strong mid-vein. Flower: SHOWY PANICLES: 1" wide flowers in showy, large panicles. Colors of the species may be white or lavender-rose . Blooms JULY, AUGUST INTO SEPTEMBER IF DEADHEADED. lavender-rose. Many cultivars, in all colors except blue, blue-violet, violet and yellow. FRAGRANT AT NIGHT Light: Full Sun - tolerates part shade but gets more diseases and fewer blossoms. Soil: Moist, deep, well-drained soil of high fertility and high in organic matter. Tolerates average fertility. WATER DURING DROUGHT propagated by cutting. Seedlings are often not true to parent Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, rust and mites. 'David' is more resistant ATTRACTS HUMMINGBIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES

Digitalis grandiflora Yellow Foxglove

Plantaginacese (Plantain Family) Form: Clump. Erect leafy flower stalk to 3 1/2' from a basal rosette of leaves to 16" wide. Foliage: Alternate, simple, ovate-lanceolate, usually serrate. Basal leaves 6"-8" long, tapering toward the stem, stem leaves become smaller, sessile. Leaves dark green, semi-evergreen, with fine hairs. Fine hairs on stem. Flower: RACEMES OF CREAMY YELLOW BELL SHAPED FLOWERSTerminal slender raceme of 2" long hairy pale, creamy yellow nodding flowers with rust- brown veining inside. Flowers usually twist to one side of the flower stalk. BLOOMS 3 WEEKS MAY INTO JUNE; if cut back, may re-bloom lightly late summer, early fall. Light: Full Sun - PREFERS PART SHADE. Tolerates full sun if well-watered. Soil: Moist, well-drained soil of average fertility that contains organic matter. Will not tolerate wet soil in winter. Water during drought. Propagation: Seed (plant may self-sow) or division of clumps in spring. Pests & Diseases: Powdery mildew, root and stem rots, Japanese beetles, aphids, mites, slugs, snails and mealybugs-all occasional problems. LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, naturalized in the wild garden and edges of woods. ECOLOGICAL Flowers attracTS HUMMINGBIRDS. GENERAL Maintenance: A short-lived perennial. Sturdy flower stalks form vertical lines. Cut back to lateral COMMENTS buds for rebloom. Later when finished secondary flowering, cut back to basal foliage. May rebloom again. Deer resistant.

Persicaria amplexicaulis 'Firetail' Red Bistort

Polygonaceae (Buckwheat Family) Form: MEDIUM LARGE MOUND OF FOLIAGE WITH ABUNDANT FLOWER SPIKES. 36"-48" tall by 3' wide. Foliage: Alternate. Ovate to lanceolate. Cordate at base, pointed apex, downy beneath with a long petiole. Leaves clasping. Flower: Bright crimson. Loose, tapering flower spikes 4-6" long. LONG BLOOMING EARLY JUNE TO OCTOBER. Almost plantain-like flower. WET SOIL TOLERANT LANDSCAPE USES Flower BORDERS NATURALIZED AREASmeadow-like plantings. Flower arrangements. ECOLOGICAL Attracts BIRDS AND BUTTERFLIES. VALUE/BENEFITS Maintenance: Not overly invasive, divide few years to control spread. Used frequently by Piet Oudolf in his naturalized plantings. GOOD CUT FLOWERS

Polystichum polyblepharum Shield Fern

Polypodiaceae Form: LOW Rhizomatous. VASE SHAPED. Clumping, 24" tall and wide. Arching, dark green, evergreen fronds shiny top. Erect crown. Emerging fronds appear to have droc t their tips. Hence its common name. The 'tassels' disappear and flatten out as the frond mature Foliage: HAIRIER STYPE AND RACHIS. SHINY LEATHERY FRONDS DARK GREEN. EVERGREEN may be tattered at the end of winter. Shiny, leathery, dark green fronds are narrowly ovate or oblong, 20"-40" long and 4"-10" wide; bipinnate. The stipe, rachis and ba leaflets are densely covered with large golden tan or rust-colored scales. ATTRACTIVE FIDDLEHEADS/CROZIERS unroll normally, then fall backward and hang like fuzzy tassels they continue unroll. Flower: A flowerless plant reproducing by spores. Spores in rows of spore cases (sori) on the underside fronds. Sori are round. Light: PART SHADE SHADENorth facing slopes are a good choice. Soil: MOIST well-drained soil of average to low fertility containing organic matter. Soil must be well drained in winter Propagation: Division of clumps in spring. By spores collected and sown when ripe. Pests & Diseases: May suffer fron rot. Some gardeners have found that planting the has helped them grow healthy, attractive plants. crown at an angle and beside a rock LANDSCAPE USES Shady beds, borders, containers. Woodlands. Rocky banks. Cut foliage.

Arachniodes standishii Upside-down Fern

Polypodiaceae (Polypody Family) Form: Rosette. Short, creeping rhizome. Erect, arching, semi-evergreen fronds 1'-3' long. The rachis is very pronounced and appears raised on the surface of the frond instead of the underside of the frond. The pinnule closest to the rachis is large and points upward towards the tip of the frond (parallel to the rachis all the way up) Foliage: VIVID GREEN ARCHING PRONOUNCED RACHIS, 12-15 pairs of pinnae. Acutely dentate. Pronounced mid-vein appears on top of frond. SEMI EVERGREEN Flower: Arched, kidney shaped indusia. Sori do not become fertile until late fall. Light: PART SHADE- North facing slopes. Soil: Rich soil. MOIST, but well-drained. Propagation: Division. Difficult by spore. Pests & Diseases: None serious. LANDSCAPE USES Woodlands, shady beds and borders, containers. GENERAL Beautiful choice; sought after connoisseur's fern.

Anemone x hybrida Japanese Anemone

Ranunculaceae Form: MEDIUM Mounds of robust basal foliage to 18" tall by 3' wide. Wiry stems 4-5' tail, support airy sprays of large buttercup-like flowers. "See-through" plant. Bold texture. Foliage: Basal leaves, on long petioles, are three parted, sharply toothed and lightly pubescent beneath. Pointed apex. Up to 8" long and wide. Stem leaves are smaller and sessile, but resemble the basal foliage. Compound leaves with 3 leaflets (no buds in axil) Flower: GRACEFUL, AIRY, SEE THROUGH ORN FLOWERS AND SEED HEADS Flowers in open, airy umbels. 2"-3" wide. Tepals 5-30 depending on the cultivar. Color ranges from white, pin rose, with a s owy golden stamens. Blooms from late summer into fa depending on cultivar. Blooms 3-6 weeks Light: PART SHADE. Does well in full sun if mulched and watered. Soil: Moist, well-drained, high fertility and copious organic matter. Adaptable to average fertility and drier soils. WELL DRAINED IN WINTER. Water during drought. PEST: JAPANESE AND BLISTER BEETLES LANDSCAPE USES Beds, borders, shrub borders, in front of an evergreen hedge, edges of moist woods; cut flowers

Aruncus dioicus Goatsbeard

Rosaceae (Rose Family) NATIVITY Eurasia & North America -native from southwestern to south central Pennsylvania. Form: 4'-6' rounded clump. SHRUB LIKEFlower stalks extend beyond leaves and lean outward. Mature plants may sprawl after bloom. Woody base. Foliage: TERMINAL LEAFLET IS NOT LOBED. Leaves dark green, alternate, 2-3 times pinnately compound on long petioles. Leaves up to 2 1/2' long. Leaflets are ovate to oblong, doubly serrate, with a long-pointed apex, 1-4" long. Terminal leaflet usually has a long, drawn out tip. Flower: Panicles of spikes 4"-16" long. Flowers 1/8", creamy white, unisexual. DIOECIOUS plants Males have showier flowers, FEMALES HAVE ATTRACTIVE SEED HEADS. Blooms June (sometimes late May) into July for about three weeks. Flowers are tiny five-petalled Light: PART SHADE - Tolerates full sun if mulched, watered and has organic soil. Will grow in full shade but has fewer flowers. Soil: TOLERANT. Well-drained soil of high fertility and high in organic matter is best, but tolerates a wide range of soil conditions. Propagation: Seed if both sexes are present. Division in early spring. Difficult to divide and move mature plants. Pests & Diseases: Occasional leaf spots, never serious. LOW MAINTENANCE, LONG LVED; LANDSCAPE USES Use as an herbaceous shrub in shady beds and borders, and in open woodlands. CUT FLOWERS