Perguntas iguais! Chapter 4 and 3 end of chapter review & lecture notes

Practical (or vocational) nursing involves

1 year of teaching, LPNs work under RN supervison

Our own family experiences often affect the way we relate to the families of our patients. Describe at least two possible responses to the family described below Several members of a patient's large extended family are in the patient's long-term care facility room and are trying to do everything for the patient.

1. It is great to see how much you are loved by your family! 2. In order for Grandpa to feel more capable of taking care of himself, why don't we let him do a few small things for himself, please?

Our own family experiences often affect the way we relate to the families of our patients. Describe at least two possible responses to the family described below Suspecting child abuse, a nurse asks a mother about her child's bruises. The woman says, "In our family, we believe in 'spare the rod and spoil the child.'"

1. Report your suspicions to your charge nurse and/or provider 2. Report suspected abuse to the proper authorities

Our own family experiences often affect the way we relate to the families of our patients. Describe at least two possible responses to the family described below A single woman wants to have a child and comes to a fertility clinic for information on artificial insemination.

1. Tell her how brave you feel she is for going after her dream. 2. Provide her with all the literature you can find to help and maybe a local or online support group

What are the ANA standards of practice?

1. assessment 2. diagnosis 3. outcomes identification 4. planning 5. implementation (coordination of care, health teaching, consultation, prescriptive autority/treatment) 6. evaluation

During what century were women recruited into nursing in lieu of jail time?

16th

When were nursing schools founded in connection to hospitals?

19th-20th centuries

A nurse who focuses attention on the strengths and abilities of patients rather than their problems is helping them to achieve which of Maslow's basic human needs? A. self actualization B. Self esteem C. Love and belonging D. Safety/security E. Physiologic

A. (To meet patient self-actualization needs, nurses provide a sense of direction and hope, and maximize patient potential. Self-esteem needs are met by respecting patient values and beliefs and setting attainable goals for them. Love and belonging needs are met by including family and friends and establishing caring relationships with patients. Safety and security needs are met by encouraging spiritual practices and independent decision making. Physiologic needs are needs that must be met to maintain life.)

Which patient need has the highest priority? A) A patient who needs to ambulate to prevent DVT B) A patient who is in isolation and feels lonely C) A patient who recently lost her husband D) An elderly patient who is at risk for falls

A. (Preventing DVT is a physiologic need and is the highest priority need. A patient in isolation might have unmet love and belonging needs (3rd in priority). A patient who lost a spouse might have unmet self-esteem needs (4th in priority). A patient who is at risk for falls might have unmet safety and security needs (2nd in priority).)

What has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts a relatively short time?

Acute illness

What organization provides the standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative action?

American Nursing Association (ANA)

What are the 5 steps of the Nursing Process?

Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

what is an example of a nursing activity that promotes secondary prevention as a level of preventative care? A. conducting a smoking cessation class B. performing a BP screening at a local mall C. performing ROM exercises on a bedridden patient D. promoting safer sex practices in school settings

B. (Secondary preventive care focuses on early detection of disease, such as heart disease in this example. Primary preventative care is directed towards promoting health and preventing diseases. Tertiary care begins after an illness is diagnosed to reduce disability and rehabilitative patients.)

What has a slow onset with periods of remission and exacerbation?

Chronic Illness

Which of the following family functions is met when the family provides emotional comfort to an ill child? A. Physical B. Economic C. Reproductive D. Affective/Coping E. Socialization

D.

3 types of RN nursing education paths

Diploma, Associates degree, or Baccaluareate in nursing

T/F An example of a developmental risk factor is a family that has inadequate childcare for a preschool child when both parents are working.

False (This is a psychosocial risk factor)

T/F A person who is experiencing a productive cough and fever takes a sick day to recuperate and decide whether to make an appointment with the doctor. This person is said to be in Stage 3 of illness behavior: assuming a dependent role.

False (they are in stage 2)

T/F a person who keeps in touch with neighbors in an attempt to foster a "community feeling" is promoting one's emotional human dimension

False (they are using the sociocultural dimension)

Who is the founder of modern nursing?

Florence Nightingale (the lady with the lamp)

What are Nurse Practice Acts?

Laws established in each state to regulate the practice of nursing. (They are broadly worded and vary among states, but all of them have certain elements in common, such as the following: Protect the public by defining the legal scope of nursing practice, excluding untrained or unlicensed people from practicing nursing. Create a state board of nursing or regulatory body having the authority to make and enforce rules and regulations concerning the nursing profession. Define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and LPNs. Establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses.)

Who founded the Henry Street Settlement and why was it important?

Lillian Wald, it was the first neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East side in NYC

What are the levels (from basic to highest) on Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?

Physiological, safety, love/belonging, self esteem, self actualization

Goals of nursing practice?

Promote Health (affected by many different factors) Preventing illness (reduce risk factors, promote good habits, early detection or optimal functioning) Restoring Health (from early disease detection to rehab and teaching during recovery) Facilitating Coping (helping disabled or dying patients.family)

T/F A family can be defined as any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support.

True

T/F The health care structure of a community has a direct effect on the health of the people living within it.

True

What are some safety needs that nurses adress?

Using proper hand hygiene and sterile techniques to prevent infection Using electrical equipment properly Administering medications knowledgeably Skillfully moving and ambulating patients Teaching parents about household chemicals that are dangerous to children

A nurse performs an assessment of a family consisting of a single mother, a grandmother, and two children. Which interview questions directed to the single mother could the nurse use to assess the affective and coping family function? Select all that apply. A. Who is the person you depend on for emotional support? B. Who is the breadwinner in your family? C. Do you plan on having any more children? D. Who keeps your family together in times of stress? E. What family traditions do you pass on to your children? F. Do you live in an environment that you consider safe?

a, d. (The five major areas of family function are physical, economic, reproductive, affective and coping, and socialization. Asking who provides emotional support in times of stress assesses the affective and coping function. Assessing the breadwinner focuses on the economic function. Inquiring about having more children assesses the reproductive function, asking about family traditions assesses the socialization function, and checking the environment assesses the physical function.)

A nurse is practicing community-based nursing in a mobile health clinic. What would be the central focus of this nurse's care? A. Individual and family health care needs B. Populations within the community C. Local health care facilities D. Families in crisis

a. (In contrast to community health nursing, which focuses on populations within a community, community-based nursing is centered on individual and family health care needs. Community-based nurses may help families in crisis and work in health care facilities, but these are not the focus of community-based nursing.)

which model of health and illness views health as a constantly changing state, with high level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale? A. agent-host-environment model B. health-illness continuum C. health promotion model D. health-belief model

b (The health illness Continuum measures a person's level of Health on a graduated scale. The agent host environment model refers to the interaction of the agent, host, and environment creating risk factors that must be examined. The health promotion model illustrates how people react to their environment as they pursue health. The health belief model is concerned with what people believe to be true about their health.)

The nurse is prioritizing nursing care for a patient in a long-term care facility. Which examples of nursing interventions help meet physiologic needs? Select all that apply. A. Preventing falls in the facility B. Changing a patient's oxygen tank C. Providing materials for a patient who likes to draw D. Helping a patient eat his dinner E. Facilitating a visit from a spouse F. Referring a patient to a cancer support group

b, d (Physiologic needs—oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and rest—must be met at least minimally to maintain life. Providing food and oxygen are examples of interventions to meet these needs. Preventing falls helps meet safety and security needs, providing art supplies may help meet self-actualization needs, facilitating visits from loved ones helps meet self-esteem needs, and referring a patient to a support group helps meet love and belonging needs.)

The nurse caring for patients postoperatively uses careful hand hygiene and sterile techniques when handling patients. Which of Maslow's basic human needs is being met by this nurse? A. Physiologic B. Safety and security C. Self-esteem D. Love and belonging

b. (By carrying out careful hand hygiene and using sterile technique, nurses provide safety from infection. An example of a physiologic need is clearing a patient's airway. Self-esteem needs may be met by allowing an older adult to talk about a past career. An example of helping meet a love and belonging need is contacting a hospitalized patient's family to arrange a visit.)

The nurse caring for families in a free health care clinic identifies psychosocial risk factors for altered family health. Which example describes one of these risk factors? A. The family does not have dental care insurance or resources to pay for it. B. Both parents work and leave a 12-year old child to care for his younger brother. C. Both parents and their children are considerably overweight. D. The youngest member of the family has cerebral palsy and needs assistance from community services.

b. (Inadequate childcare resources is a psychosocial risk factor. Not having access to dental care and obese family members are lifestyle risk factors. Having a family member with birth defects is a biologic risk factor.)

A nurse is providing care based on Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs. For which nursing activities is this approach useful? A. Making accurate nursing diagnoses B. Establishing priorities of care C. Communicating concerns more concisely D. Integrating science into nursing care

b. (Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs is useful for establishing priorities of care.)

The nurse caring for patients in a long-term care facility knows that the highest level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is self-actualization needs. Which statements accurately describe the achievement of self-actualization? Select all that apply. A. Humans are born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization. B. Self-actualization needs are met by depending on others for help. C. The self-actualization process continues throughout life. D. Loneliness and isolation occur when self-actualization needs are unmet. E. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside self. F. Self-actualization needs may be met by creatively solving problems.

c, e, f (self-actualization, or reaching one's full potential, is a process that continues throughout life. A person achieves self-actualization by focusing on problems outside oneself and using creativity as a guideline for solving problems and pursuing interests. Humans are not born with a fully developed sense of self-actualization, and self-actualization needs are not met specifically by depending on others for help. Loneliness and isolation are not always the result of unmet self-actualization needs.)

A visiting nurse performs a community assessment in an area of the city in which the nurse will be working. What is one element of a healthy community? A. Meets all the needs of its inhabitants B. Has mixed residential and industrial areas C. Offers access to health care services D. Has modern housing and condominiums

c. (A healthy community offers access to health care services to treat illness and to promote health. A healthy community does not usually meet all the needs of its residents, but should be able to help with health issues such as nutrition, education, recreation, safety, and zoning regulations to separate residential sections from industrial ones. The age of housing is irrelevant as long as residences are maintained properly according to code.)

Which is an example of an ACUTE illness? A. Diabetes B. Rheumatoid Arthritis C. Pneumonia D. Osteoporosis

c. pneumonia (Rationale: pneumonia is an acute illness that has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time. Diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis are chronic illnesses that cause a permanent change, require special patient education for rehabilitation, and require a long period of care or support)

A nurse works with families in crisis at a community mental health care facility. What is the best broad definition of a family? A. A father, a mother, and children B. A group whose members are biologically related C. A unit that includes aunts, uncles, and cousins D. A group of people who live together and depend on each other for support

d (Although all the responses may be true, the best definition is a group of people who live together and depend on each other for physical, emotional, or financial support.)

Shuba and Raul are a couple in their late seventies. According to Duvall, which developmental task is appropriate for this older adult family? A. Maintain a supportive home base B. Strengthen marital relationships C. Cope with loss of energy and privacy D. Adjust to retirement

d. (The developmental tasks of the family with older adults are to adjust to retirement and possibly to adjust to the loss of a spouse and loss of independent living. Maintaining a supportive home base and strengthening marital relationships are tasks of the family with adolescents and young adults. Coping with loss of energy and privacy is a task of the family with children.)

Name the family structure types

nuclear (traditional, 2 parents and their kids) extended (includes aunts, uncles, grandparents) Blended (2 parents, their unrelated kids from previous relationships) Single-parent (may be separated, divorced, widowed, never married) Cohabitating (live together for various reasons) Binuclear (step family) Di nuclear (never had kids)

What are some physiological needs?

oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and rest

In ancient Greece, temples became the centers of medical care because

people believed sickness was caused by sin

what are the human dimensions affecting health?

physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual

What do you believe to be the most important basic human need that is actually or potentially unmet in the following situation? A preschooler is admitted to the hospital with multiple bruises and burn marks.

safety

What do you believe to be the most important basic human need that is actually or potentially unmet in the following situation? A toddler falls into a swimming pool.

safety

What do you believe to be the most important basic human need that is actually or potentially unmet in the following situation? A long-term care facility resident says, "I never did anything right in my life."

self actualization

What do you believe to be the most important basic human need that is actually or potentially unmet in the following situation? A teenager is constantly told "you are no good" by his parents

self esteem

What are some self esteem needs?

self esteem, confidence, respect of/by others

4 stages of illness behavior

stage 1: experiencing symptoms stage 2: assuming the sick role stage 3: assuming a dependent role Stage 4: achieving recovery/rehabilitation

From early civilization to the 16th century, illness had a ________________________ cause.

supernatural

During ______________________, male and female nursing orders were founded, hospital were built, nursing became a respected vocation.

the Crusades (11th to 13th centuries)

What are does self actualization as a need mean?

the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities.

What are some love/belonging needs?

understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love, and the feeling of belonging to groups such as families, peers, friends, a neighborhood, and a community.