Period 3 Test
The emergence of an Atlantic economy
"For the increase of shipping... from thenceforward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging... but in ships or vessels as do... belong only to the people of England... and whereof the master and three-fourths of the mariners at least are English.... "And it is further enacted... that... no sugars, tobacco, cottonwool, indigos, ginger, fustic, or other dyeing wood, of the growth, production, or manufacture of any English plantations in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be... transported from any of the said English plantations [colonies] to any land... other than to such other English plantations as do belong to his Majesty." English Parliament, Navigation Act of 1660. Which of the following most directly led to the passage of the Navigation Act of 1660 ?
the impact of the French Revolution
"Mr. Jay's treaty [which reestablished trade and diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain following the Revolutionary War] has at length been made public. So general a burst of dissatisfaction never before appeared against any transaction. Those who understand the particular articles of it, condemn these articles. Those who do not understand them minutely, condemn it generally as wearing a hostile face to France. This last is the most numerous class, comprehending the whole body of the people, who have taken a greater interest in this transaction than they were ever known to do in any other. It has in my opinion completely demolished the monarchical party here," Thomas Jefferson, letter to James Monroe, September 6, 1795 Thomas Jefferson's reaction to the Jay Treaty as expressed in the letter was most directly a reflection of ongoing debates in the United States over
European demand for agricultural products grown in the colonies
"Slavery, though imposed and maintained by violence, was a negotiated relationship.... First, even as they confronted one another, master and slave had to concede, however grudgingly, a degree of legitimacy to the other.... [T]he web of interconnections between master and slave necessitated a coexistence that fostered cooperation as well as contestation. Second, because the circumstances of such contestation and cooperation continually changed, slavery itself continually changed. . . . Slavery was never made, but instead was continually remade, for power—no matter how great—was never absolute, but always contingent." Ira Berlin, historian, Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America, 1998. Which of the following contributed most to the increasing use of African slave labor in North America during the 1600s and 1700s?
American colonists' declaration of independence from Britain
"The petition of a great number of blacks detained in a state of slavery in the bowels of a free and Christian country humbly showeth that...they have in common with all other men a natural and inalienable right to that freedom which the Great Parent of the Universe has bestowed equally on all mankind and which they have never forfeited by any compact or agreement whatever.... "[E]very principle from which America has acted in the course of their unhappy difficulties with Great Britain pleads stronger than a thousand arguments in favor of your petitioners. They therefore humbly beseech your honors to give this petition its due weight and consideration and cause an act of the legislature to be passed whereby they may be restored to the enjoyments of that which is the natural right of all men." Petition for freedom to the Massachusetts Council and the House of Representatives for the State of Massachusetts, January 1777. Which of the following most likely helped to prompt the petition in the excerpt?
The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause
"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington." John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815. Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?
Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.
A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harboured thereabouts." Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above?
resistance of western farmers to federal oversight
By the 1790s the ideas of the Anti-Federalists contributed most directly to the
adopt the Bill of Rights
During the constitutional ratification process, Anti-Federalists' concerns, as described in the excerpt, were most directly addressed by an agreement to
an Anti-Federalist
Federal Constitution. I beg you to call to mind our glorious Declaration of Independence, read it, and compare it with the Federal Constitution; what a degree of apostacy will you not then discover. Therefore, guard against all encroachments upon your liberties so dearly purchased with the costly expense of blood and treasure." A Georgian, Gazette of the State of Georgia, November 15, 1787 The opinion expressed in the excerpt would most likely have been held by
The ideals of the American Revolution prompted some individuals and groups to call for the abolition of slavery.
In which of the following ways did slavery change in the late 1700s?
protesting a lack of representation in Parliament
In the 1760s many English colonists in North America reacted to imperial governance by
The existence of many state constitutions that limited executive authority
The Anti-Federalists' view of government power during the 1780s, as described in the excerpt, is best reflected by which of the following?
call for the abolition of the slave trade
The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT
attain ratification of the Constitution
The Federalist papers were written in order to
Relative autonomy to preserve and adapt African traditions
The demographics of the lower South colonies in 1750 most directly contributed to which of the following conditions for enslaved people?
climate and geographic conditions for cash crop agriculture
The difference in slave populations depicted in the graphs most directly resulted from differences in
nullification of all private debts to the states
The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT
The adoption of plans for gradual emancipation in the North
The ideas expressed in the excerpt (petition for freedom)contributed most directly to which of the following?
lack of American representation in the British Parliament
The key concern that Galloway's plan was designed to address was the
protect rights not specified in the Constitution
The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to
the addition of the Bill of Rights shortly after the Constitution was adopted
The views expressed in the excerpt (federal letter) contributed most directly to
The fear of excessive centralized authority
Which of the following factors contributed most directly to the views expressed in the excerpt (federal letter) ?
Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies
Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?
The addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution
Which of the following most directly addressed reservations about the process depicted in the image?
The desire to pursue mercantilist goals
Which of the following most likely motivated Parliament to pass the law in the excerpt?
Diary entries from a slaveholder discussing plantation life
Which of the following primary sources would most likely support Berlin's argument in the excerpt?
British activities and landholdings in North America were an impediment to weste settlement and peace along the frontier.
Which of the following was a reason the United States government believed it necessary to negotiate a treaty with Great Britain following the American Revolution?
Strong disagreements over policy promoted the development of political parties.
Which of the following was an important consequence of the debate over the Jay Treaty?
Some members of the First Continental Congress sought a compromise betwe submission to British authority and independence.
in 1774 which of the following was correct?