Personal & Community Health Chapter 3

Making decisions based on your own values as opposed to a larger group's is a sign of A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

B. autonomy.

Symptoms of panic disorder typically include A. a sudden drop in blood pressure. B. a loss of physical equilibrium. C. lethargy. D. a depressed heart rate

B. a loss of physical equilibrium.

Which of the following attributes best characterizes manic behavior? A. classical depression B. decreased sexual activity C. extraordinary appetite D. perpetual energy

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A person who is housebound because of severe anxiety has A. social phobia. B. agoraphobia. C. GAD. D. OCD.

B. agoraphobia.

Which of the following statements describes a characteristic of self-actualized people? A. They are largely able to accept themselves and others. B. They are outer-directed. C. They do not trust their own senses and feelings. D. They are autocratic.

A. They are largely able to accept themselves and others.

Stability, as it relates to self-esteem, is best described as A. a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others. B. an integration of the self. C. an unwavering positive self-image. D. a necessary component for the establishment of a sense of love and belonging.

A. a complete absence of mixed messages about oneself from others.

People not afraid to be themselves and be "real" can be described as A. authentic. B. creative. C. intimate. D. distressed.

A. authentic.

In the cognitive therapeutic approach, patients are taught to A. confront negative feelings and emotions. B. change behavior patterns. C. focus on uncovering past events and feelings. D. notice unrealistic thoughts and replace them with more realistic ones

A. confront negative feelings and emotions.

An example of a specific phobia is fear of A. dogs. B. public speaking. C. interaction. D. embarrassment.

A. dogs.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. drowsiness B. aggression C. academic problems D. inability to focus

A. drowsiness

People usually develop panic disorder in their A. early twenties. B. teenage years. C. late adulthood. D. early childhood.

A. early twenties.

The technique of exposure is used to A. encourage people to face their fears. B. discourage people from encountering their fears. C. promote avoidance of a feared situation. D. introduce the patient to other frightening situations

A. encourage people to face their fears.

Maggie, a junior in college, is changing her major for the fourth time. She expresses frustration about her attempt to choose a course of study that best reflects her and her interests rather than the career path her family expects of her. Maggie is A. experiencing an identity crisis. B. subconsciously rebelling against her parents. C. afraid of making a commitment. D. feeling overwhelmed by too many career options.

A. experiencing an identity crisis.

All of the following are positive reasons to socialize EXCEPT A. fear of being alone. B. enjoying the company of others. C. meeting new people. D. improving your personal knowledge base.

A. fear of being alone.

People who are self-accepting usually A. have a positive but realistic perception of themselves. B. have a higher opinion of themselves than is healthy. C. feel good about themselves but are not likely to live up to their positive self-image. D. have big egos.

A. have a positive but realistic perception of themselves.

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for heading off explosive anger? A. having an alcoholic drink B. reframing your thoughts C. distracting yourself D. having a cooling-off period

A. having an alcoholic drink

Manic disorders are characterized by A. high energy levels. B. the individual's limited vision of his or her potential. C. slow, slurred speech. D. very focused thinking.

A. high energy levels.

Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder A. include re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and intrusive memories. B. include seeking out anything associated with the trauma. C. will often decrease in intensity, but will never go away. D. usually do not include symptoms of depression.

A. include re-experiencing the trauma in dreams and intrusive memories.

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression? A. loss of pleasure in doing usual activities B. autonomy C. obsession with exercise D. increased social interaction

A. loss of pleasure in doing usual activities

Our early identity models are most likely to be A. our parents. B. celebrities. C. peers. D. political leaders

A. our parents.

Which mental health professional is involved when a person requires medication? A. phychiatrist B. clinical psycologist C. licensed counselor D. Social worker

A. phychiatrist

According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency: A. physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization B. safety, physiological needs, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization C. safety, physiological needs, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization D. self-actualization, physiological needs, safety, maintaining self-esteem, being loved

A. physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization

Post-traumatic stress disorder is most likely to occur after which of the following? A. rape B. nightmares C. failure in school D. prolonged compulsive behavior

A. rape

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts or wishes are excluded from consciousness is A. repression. B. projection. C. rationalization. D. displacement.

A. repression.

Biological researchers have found genetic influences on A. seasonal affective disorder. B. simple phobia. C. depression. D. post-traumatic stress syndrome.

A. seasonal affective disorder.

A key neurotransmitter that is important in the treatment of depression is called A. serotonin. B. acetylcholine. C. dopamine. D. leutine.

A. serotonin.

Defense mechanisms like humor and substitution might best be described as A. temporary means of coping. B. effective solutions to minor problems. C. personality characteristics. D. age-specific responses to stress

A. temporary means of coping.

If you feel explosive anger coming on, one strategy for managing it is to A. try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment. B. replay scenes from the past to help act in the present. C. permanently avoid the issue or person that is upsetting you. D. do nothing.

A. try to reframe what you are thinking at the moment.

Which of the following phrases is the best description of psychological normality? A. what most people do B. the right thing to do C. what most people should do D. what people think they should do

A. what most people do

Expressing wishes forcefully, but not necessarily hostilely, describes being A. aggressive. B. assertive. C. passive. D. overbearing.

B. assertive.

Being inner-directed is most closely associated with A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

B. autonomy.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health in 2009, approximately what percent of adult Americans who suffered from a diagnosable psychological disorder? A. 6 percent B. 26 percent C. 56 percent D. 76 percent

B. 26 percent

Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia? A. Medication is not effective in treating it. B. Schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking. C. Schizophrenia is another name for "split personality". D. An individual can manage schizophrenia without professional help.

B. Schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking.

Which statement regarding schizophrenics is false? A. They may act to obey inner voices. B. They are not at risk for suicide. C. They may be largely logical and lucid. D. They require the help of a mental health professional.

B. They are not at risk for suicide.

The type of therapy that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is ______ therapy. A. pharmacological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

B. behavioral

The type of therapy that focuses on what people do is ______ therapy. A. biological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

B. behavioral

Being psychologically normal is the same as A. being mentally normal. B. being close to average. C. being psychologically healthy. D. A and B.

B. being close to average.

Which of the following is NOT a likely characteristic of a schizophrenic disorder? A. auditory hallucinations B. compulsive organization C. delusions D. deteriorating social functioning

B. compulsive organization

An obsession is a ______ thought. A. rational, unwanted B. cultivated, irrational C. cultivated, rational D. recurrent, unwanted

B. cultivated, irrational

Fear of public speaking is actually a A. fear of speaking. B. fear of being observed by others. C. simple phobia. D. type of panic disorder

B. fear of being observed by others.

A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. generalized anxiety disorder. C. panic disorder. D. simple phobia.

B. generalized anxiety disorder.

One's identity A. is established early in life. B. is a lifelong process. C. rarely changes from year to year. D. A and C

B. is a lifelong process.

Seasonal affective disorder A. is more prevalent during the summer months. B. is more prevalent among people living at higher latitudes. C. has no effective treatment. D. is more prevalent during seasons with more sunlight.

B. is more prevalent among people living at higher latitudes.

A technique that may aid in fighting demoralization is A. giving up. B. keeping a journal of self-talk. C. recognizing failure. D. the use of defense mechanisms.

B. keeping a journal of self-talk.

Shyness is often the result of high levels of anxiety and A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. lack of social skills. C. hostility. D. schizophrenia

B. lack of social skills.

The preferred method of treatment for seasonal affective disorder is A. psychotherapy. B. light therapy. C. hypnosis. D. electroconvulsive therapy.

B. light therapy.

Fear of flying is an example of A. a social phobia. B. panic disorder. C. obsessive-compulsive disorder. D. post-traumatic stress disorder.

B. panic disorder.

Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician? A. clinical psychologist B. psychiatrist C. social worker D. counselor

B. psychiatrist

Which of the following professionals requires the most formal education? A. nurse practitioner B. psychiatrist C. social worker D. counselor

B. psychiatrist

People with established identities tend to do all the following EXCEPT A. form intimate, lasting relationships. B. remain isolated. C. share open communication. D. love and be loved.

B. remain isolated.

Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been developed for all of the following, EXCEPT A. anxiety disorders. B. seasonal affective disorder. C. depression. D. OCD.

B. seasonal affective disorder.

Alex, age 28, lives in a safe and friendly community, has a stable job, and is involved in a relationship with a loving and supportive person. According to Maslow, Alex has a chance of attaining A. mastery in life accomplishments. B. self-actualization. C. psychological freedom. D. autonomy.

B. self-actualization.

Which of the following is a risk factor that increases the likelihood of suicide? A. multiple minor health problems B. suicide of a family member or friend C. increased social interactions D. obsession with social causes

B. suicide of a family member or friend

Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk? A. "I wonder why my boss wants to see me? I guess I'll just have to wait and see". B. "I'll have to start working on that next paper earlier". C. "I won the talent contest, but only because none of the other contestants was very good". D. "Too bad I missed one problem on the test through carelessness, but overall I did pretty well".

C. "I won the talent contest, but only because none of the other contestants was very good".

Of the millions of people suffering from clinical depression, ______ seek treatment. A. less than 5 percent B. 15 percent C. 35 percent D. more than 50 percent

C. 35 percent

Which of the following statements regarding professional help for psychological health is TRUE? A. Never seeking professional health for personal problems means you are psychologically healthy. B. Seeking professional help for personal problems proves that you have a psychological illness. C. For some, professional help is a choice; for others, it is a necessity. D. Everyone will need professional help at some point in his or her life.

C. For some, professional help is a choice; for others, it is a necessity.

Which of the following statements is most TRUE regarding psychological health? A. Being normal is the same as being psychologically healthy. B. It is as difficult to define as it is important to understand. C. Freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health. D. Psychological health is the absence of anxiety.

C. Freedom from psychological disorders is a comprehensive definition of psychological health.

Which statement regarding the development of self-esteem is FALSE? A. It is based on experiences that occur within the family. B. It is influenced by personality. C. Rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth. D. Children knowingly build images of themselves based on the models of their parents

C. Rejected children may fail to develop feelings of self-worth.

A delusion is A. similar to an auditory hallucination. B. a form of disorganized thought. C. a firmly held false belief. D. an obsession with a fantasy.

C. a firmly held false belief.

If you are dealing with anger in another person, you should NOT A. react in a calm manner. B. attempt to validate the other person. C. accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display. D. disengage for the time being.

C. accept the verbal abuse, as it is usually a temporary display.

The type of therapy based on the premise that the mind's activity depends on the brain and is genetically determined is ______ therapy. A. pharmacological B. behavioral C. cognitive D. psychodynamic

C. cognitive

An example of an obsession is A. constant hand washing. B. repeating someone's name five times every time you see her. C. concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake. D. repeatedly checking to see if the stove is turned off.

C. concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake.

A treatment used for severe depression when other approaches fail is A. psychoanalysis. B. drug therapy. C. electroconvulsive therapy. D. herbal therapy.

C. electroconvulsive therapy.

Schizophrenic disorders are characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT A. disorganized thoughts. B. inappropriate emotions. C. extremely high energy levels. D. auditory hallucinations. \

C. extremely high energy levels.

Psychological disorders may be a result of all of the following EXCEPT A. genetic differences. B. exposure to traumatic events. C. good coping skills. D. life events.

C. good coping skills.

A defense mechanism by which unacceptable inner impulses are attributed to others is A. displacement. B. rationalization. C. projection. D. repression.

C. projection.

Religious belief A. undermines problem solving. B. is a substitute for a positive self-concept. C. promotes psychological health for some individuals. D. has little bearing on mental health.

C. promotes psychological health for some individuals.

For some, self-help can be very useful. This includes A. ignoring self-defeating actions and ideas. B. becoming more passive. C. raising self-esteem by counteracting negative thoughts and people. D. avoiding objects and people that are feared.

C. raising self-esteem by counteracting negative thoughts and people.

What is the defense mechanism that allows a false, acceptable reason to be given when the real reason is unacceptable? A. repression B. projection C. rationalization D. displacement

C. rationalization

Maslow would NOT have described a self-actualized person as someone who A. knows the difference between what is and what one wants. B. is willing to accept evidence that contradicts what one wants to believe. C. remains focused on the idea of the way things should be. D. does not waste energy trying to force people into an ideal picture of what they "should" be.

C. remains focused on the idea of the way things should be.

A demoralized person would do all of the following EXCEPT A. use all-or-nothing thinking. B. minimize the success of others. C. take responsibility for unfortunate situations. D. engage in cognitive distortions.

C. take responsibility for unfortunate situations.

The ability to share feelings without fear of rejection from another is most closely associated with A. acceptance. B. autonomy. C. the capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

C. the capacity for intimacy.

Though ______ attempt suicide more often, ______ succeed more often. A. blacks; whites B. adults; teenagers C. women; men D. Latinos; Asians

C. women; men

People exposed to a higher number of traumatic life events than others typically A. have greater vulnerabilities to future traumas. B. develop better coping skills. C. have a genetic predisposition to these events. D. A and B

D. A and B

To help reduce social anxiety, A. realize your nervousness is not as visible as you think. B. take breaks during anxious situations whenever possible. C. practice realistic self-talk. D. A and B

D. A and B

Which of the following statements about fear is false? A. It is a basic and useful emotion. B. It is considered to be a problem if it is out of proportion to real danger. C. It is another word for anxiety. D. It is a useful daily tool to cope with life.

D. It is a useful daily tool to cope with life.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Psychological health is independent of physical health. B. Psychological health is a myth. C. Psychological health is freedom from disorders. D. Psychological health and physical health are intertwined.

D. Psychological health and physical health are intertwined.

Which of the following does NOT play a major part in psychological disorders? A. genetics B. culture C. biology D. They all play a major part.

D. They all play a major part

Which of the following statements describes people who are autonomous? A. They don't express their feelings because of fear of disapproval. B. They respond only to what they feel as outside pressure. C. They act because they feel driven. D. They are inner-directed

D. They are inner-directed

Which of the following statements about peer counselors is FALSE? A. They work as volunteers. B. They can provide appropriate campus/community resources. C. They can offer a sympathetic ear. D. They can recommend specific treatment options.

D. They can recommend specific treatment options.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide? A. a history of previous attempts B. readily available means C. addiction to alcohol or drugs D. a high anxiety level

D. a high anxiety level

Panic disorder is A. a form of depression. B. a mood disorder. C. a characteristic of bipolar disorder. D. a type of anxiety disorder.

D. a type of anxiety disorder.

Which of the following is a characteristic of depression? A. too much sleep B. disturbed sleep C. poor appetite and weight loss D. all of the above

D. all of the above

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, PTSD was shown to have affected A. survivors. B. rescue workers. C. television viewers who repeatedly watched the images. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

College students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through A. on-campus counseling centers. B. campus health services. C. support groups. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

Repetitive, hard-to-resist actions associated with obsessions are A. delusions. B. phobias. C. hallucinations. D. compulsions.

D. compulsions.

An example of a compulsion is A. the impulse to hurt a family member. B. anxiety about contracting HIV from a sneeze. C. uncontrollable worry about an accident. D. constant and repetitive hand washing.

D. constant and repetitive hand washing.

A continuing appreciation of the world is most closely associated with A. self-esteem. B. autonomy. C. capacity for intimacy. D. creativity.

D. creativity.

A psychological defense by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from one event or person to a less threatening one is A. repression. B. projection. C. rationalization D. displacement.

D. displacement.

Which of the following is the best initial treatment for a person with moderate to severe depression? A. drug therapy exclusively B. electroconvulsive therapy C. psychoanalysis and amphetamines D. drug therapy combined with psychotherapy

D. drug therapy combined with psychotherapy

Which of the following is a social phobia? A. fear of animals B. fear of high places C. fear of seeing blood D. fear of embarrassment

D. fear of embarrassment

A part of assertiveness is characterized most by A. aggressiveness. B. honest communication. C. dominating others. D. getting what you want.

D. getting what you want.

A drug commonly used to prevent mood swings associated with bipolar disorder is A. thorazine. B. Haldol. C. amphetamines. D. lithium carbonate

D. lithium carbonate

Psychological health is another term for A. authenticity. B. positive psychology. C. psychological normality. D. mental health.

D. mental health.

A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n) A. optimist. B. realist. C. masochist. D. pessimist.

D. pessimist.

Being self-actualized is characterized by A. passivity. B. good work habits. C. good physical health. D. realism.

D. realism.

Treatment for which of the following disorders MUST include drug therapy? A. depression B. social phobia C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia