Personality Psychology: Exam 1 Study Set

According to situationists, the upper limit of personality coefficients is estimated as .20. .40. .60. .80.

.40

Imagine that you could draw a flat horizontal line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the relation between X and Y. Which of the following is the closest value to the correlation coefficient that you would compute from these data? −1.0 −.5 0 1.0

0

An IQ test yields what kind of data?

B data

Which reason describes why averaged (aggregated) behaviors are more strongly related to personality traits than individual behaviors? Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated. Random variations tend to multiply when aggregated. Trait variation is mostly random when aggregated. Trait variation is mostly specific when aggregated.

Random variations tend to cancel out when aggregated.

In Leikas, Lönnqvist, and Verkasalo (2012), participants interacted with trained actors. The number of times a participant gestured depended mostly on his or her own characteristics. Which of the following reflects the correct interpretation of this result? The amount of variability explained by the person was small. The amount of variability explained by the person was large. The amount of variability explained by the situation was small. The amount of variability explained by the situation was large.

The amount of variability explained by the person was large.

If a psychologist describes a research result as statistically significant, what does he or she typically mean? The result is important. The result is large and dramatic. The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance. The result will likely revolutionize the field.

The result is unlikely to have occurred by chance.

What is the largest, most all-encompassing, and most dominant approach in personality psychology today?

Trait approach

Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and finds a statistically significant correlation between eating pizza and aggression. However, there is no real association between eating pizza and aggression in the population. What kind of error has this researcher made? Type I Type II Type III correlational

Type I

Psychologists following the phenomenological approach - focus on the workings of the unconscious mind and the resolution of internal mental conflict. - study how overt behavior is affected by rewards and punishments. - build theoretical models of how people process information. - are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will.

are concerned with our conscious experience of the world and the consequences of having free will.

learning & cognitive approach

behaviorism, social learning theory, and cognitive personality psychology

The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments is known as the ________ paradigm.

behaviorist

Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad? behavior thoughts biological feelings

biological

The avoidance of drug abuse is associated with what trait? openness to experience neuroticism extraversion conscientiousness

conscientiousness

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem?

experimental

The unique mandate of personality psychologists is to attempt to - identify and measure individual differences in intelligence, ability, and behavior. - determine the effect of the social environment on behavior. - explain whole, functioning persons and real-life concerns. - prevent or treat psychological personality disorders.

explain whole, functioning persons and real-life concerns.

The factor analytic technique of test construction is designed to - identify individuals who are attempting to lie or sabotage a test. - identify groups of test items that seem to be alike. - identify items that mean the same thing to the respondent as they do to the researcher. - create projective tests.

identify groups of test items that seem to be alike.

According to the textbook, there are no perfect ________ of personality, only ________.

indicators; clues

Psychoanalytic approach

investigate the unconscious mind

I data are

judgements by knowledgeable observers

On Friday, Terence completes the Self-Monitoring Scale and receives a score of 49. On the following Tuesday, he fills out the scale again and receives a score of 28. Terence's scores on the Self-Monitoring Scale do not appear to be

reliable

In his book, Personality and Assessment, Mischel argued that behavior can be MOST accurately predicted from

situations

If test scores decrease as anxiety increases, then ________.

test scores and anxiety are negatively correlated.

Biological approach

understand individual differences in terms of the body, concentrating on biological mechanisms