PH 104 Exam 2

10 newtons

A 1-kg balloon at equilibrium in the air is buoyed up with a force of _______. - 1 newton - 1 kilogram - 10 newtons - 12 newtons

weight of air it displaces.

A balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the - atmospheric pressure. - weight of air it displaces. - density of surrounding air. - weight of the balloon and contents. - all of these

600 m

A bullet is fired horizontally with an initial velocity of 300 m/s from a 20-m high tower. If air resistance is negligible, the bullet hits downrange about - 500 m. - 300 m. - 400 m. - 200 m. - 600 m.

that of a column of water 10.3 meters tall

A column of mercury 76 cm tall has a weight that is equal to _______. - normal atmospheric pressure - 13.6 times the density of water - the weight of Earth's atmosphere - that of a column of water 10.3 meters tall

all of the above

A consequence of surface tension for water is - the different tastes of hot and cold oily soup. - wet sand being firmer than dry sand. - capillary action. - all of the above - none of the above

water pressure is greater with increasing depth.

A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top partly because - water pressure is greater with increasing depth. - surface tension exists only on the surface of liquids. - it looks better. - water is denser at deeper levels. - none of these

electrically charged

A gas will become plasma when it is _______. - electrically charged - fluoresced - heated - fused

mostly empty space themselves.

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are - invisible. - in perpetual motion. - not as close together as they could be. - held together by electrical forces. - mostly empty space themselves.

100 m

A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later? - 98 m - 50 m - 490 m - 100 m - none of the above

less volume of water is displaced.

A person floats higher in the dense water of the Dead Sea because - less volume of water is displaced. - of a greater buoyant force. - more volume of water is displaced.

60°

A projectile is launched at 30° above ground level. What other angle at the same speed will result in the same range? - 15° - any angle at 60° or greater - 60° - 45°

volume of water

A stone submerged in water displaces its _______. - weight of water - volume and weight of water - density × volume - volume of water

at the surface will not freely enter the higher-pressure region in the compressed lungs.

A swimmer cannot use a long hose to snorkel more than a meter deep because air - is buoyed up leaving the swimmer breathless. - in the lungs cannot easily be expelled. - at the surface will not freely enter the higher-pressure region in the compressed lungs. - tends to liquify in the snorkel tube. - all of these

like the satellite, pulled by Earth's gravitation.

A weightless astronaut in an orbiting satellite is - like the satellite, pulled by Earth's gravitation. - shielded from Earth's gravitational field. - beyond the pull of gravity. - none of the above

5 meters

About how far below a straight-line path does a satellite in close Earth orbit fall in the first second of fall? - Zero meters - 5 meters - 10 meters - Depends on the projected speed

twice as much

According to Hooke's law, if you double the force when stretching a spring, the elongation of the spring is normally __________. - twice as much - four times as much - half as much - no different, but the same

air speed increases there

Air pressure over the surface of a bird's wings decreases when _______. - air speed increases there - air speed decreases there - the wing is tilted downward - turning motion is executed

Bernoulli's principle.

Airplane flight best illustrates - Bernoulli's principle. - Boyle's law. - Archimedes' principle. - Pascal's principle.

freely falling around Earth.

An Earth satellite is simply a projectile - floating motionless in space near Earth. - freely falling around Earth. - approaching Earth from outer space.

protons

An element is distinct because of its number of - the total mass of all the particles. - neutrons. - electrons. - protons. - none of the above

have wave properties

An important feature of atoms is that they __________. - have wave properties - make up electric beams - can barely be seen with the naked eye - are actually tiny solar systems

neither sink nor float in water

An object having the same density as water will _______. View Available Hint(s) - sink in water - float on water - displace less water than it weighs. - neither sink nor float in water

70 cm

An un-stretched hanging spring is 50 cm long. Suspending a 100-N block from it increases its length to 60 cm. Adding another 100-N block makes the spring's length - 80 cm. - 100 cm. - 60 cm. - 120 cm. - 70 cm.

Ageless

As the text cites, atoms are incredibly tiny, numerous, perpetually moving, and what else? - Migratory - Ageless - New in science - Mainly in the air

altitude

Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing _______. - amounts of sunshine - speed of molecules in the air - temperature - altitude

weight of air

Atmospheric pressure is mainly due to the _______. - average temperature of air - weight of air - air pressure against Earth's surface - motion of air molecules

both of these

Atoms can be photographed by - scanning electron microscopes. - electron beams. - both of these - neither of these

insects in water

Capillarity is a liability for _______. - insects in water - tree branches - plant growth - oil wicks

lower in the water.

Compared to an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float - at the same level in the water. - lower in the water. - higher in the water.

low specific heat capacity

Does a substance that heats up quickly have a high or a low specific heat capacity? - high specific heat capacity - low specific heat capacity

4 and its volume by 8.

Doubling the linear size of an object multiplies its area by - 8 and its volume by 16. - 2 and its volume by 4. - 4 and its volume by 8. - none of the above

Earth's surface

Earth's gravitational field is strongest at _______. - infinity, in principle - Earth's center - either the Earth's center or at its surface - Earth's surface

Speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth

For an Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit, list all the values that do change. - Speed, gravitational force, and distance from the Sun and Earth - Speed - Speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth - Speed and gravitational force

Only speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth

For an Earth satellite in circular orbit, list all the values that do not change. - Speed and gravitational force only - Speed, gravitational force, and distance from the Sun and Earth - Speed only - Only speed, gravitational force, and distance from Earth

less than that of plants

Hot sand cools off faster at night than do plants and vegetation. This indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is _______. - less than that of plants - unrelated to rate of cooling - likely the same as that of plants - more than that of plants

5 meters

How far below a straight-line path does a horizontally projected projectile fall in the first second of fall? - Depends on the projected speed - 10 meters - Zero meters - 5 meters

a low specific heat

If a certain material heats up quickly and cools down quickly, the material has _______. - no specific heat to speak of - a high specific heat - a low specific heat - something besides specific heat that is different

1N

If an object suspended by a scale shows a weight of 3N in air, and 2 N when submerged in water, the buoyant force on the submerged object is _______. - 1 N - 2 N - 3 N - more than 3 N

double

If the mass of an object were doubled while its volume remained the same, its density would - stay the same. - double. - be half. - be four times as great.

the force you exert on the scale

If you are standing on a scale in an elevator, what exactly does the scale measure? - your mass - the force you exert on the scale - the gravitational force exerted on you by Earth

5 m

If you throw a stone horizontally from the top of a cliff, one second after leaving your hand its vertical distance below the top of the cliff is - 10 m. - 5 m. - 15 m.

terrestrial and cosmic laws

Isaac Newton synthesized _______. - the pulls of the planets on one another - terrestrial and cosmic laws - the pulls of the Moon and the Earth - the extent to which gravity extends in the universe

elliptical paths

Kepler was the first to be credited for discovering that planets follow _______. - elliptical paths - parabolas - curved paths - circular paths

height of the object

On what factors does the buoyant force acting on an object depend? - depth under water - both height of the object and depth under water - height of the object

no support force

One's weightlessness in space has most to do with _______. - rotational effects - one's mass - no gravity - no support force

compression

Stone slabs are stronger under - compression. - tension. - both of these - none of these

less than your normal weight at rest

Suppose you are in an elevator that is moving upward. As the elevator nears the floor at which you will get off, its speed slows down. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with decreasing speed, your weight will be __________. - greater than your normal weight at rest - equal to your normal weight at rest - less than your normal weight at rest

greater than your normal weight at rest

Suppose you are in an elevator. As the elevator starts upward, its speed will increase. During this time when the elevator is moving upward with increasing speed, your weight will be __________. - greater than your normal weight at rest - equal to your normal weight at rest - less than your normal weight at rest

The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will increase.

Suppose you increase the depth of the object WITHOUT changing its height. What will happen to the force due to pressure on the bottom of the object? View Available Hint(s) - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will increase. - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will decrease. - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will stay the same.

The net buoyant force will stay the same.

Suppose you increase the depth of the object WITHOUT changing its height. What will happen to the net buoyant force? - The net buoyant force will stay the same. - The net buoyant force will decrease. - The net buoyant force will increase.

The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will increase.

Suppose you increase the height of the object WITHOUT changing its depth under water. What will happen to the force due to pressure on the bottom of the object? - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will decrease. - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will increase. - The force due to pressure on the bottom of the object will stay the same.

The net buoyant force will increase.

Suppose you increase the height of the object WITHOUT changing its depth under water. What will happen to the net buoyant force? - The net buoyant force will increase. - The net buoyant force stays the same. - The net buoyant force will decrease.

molecular attractions

Surface tension is caused by _______. - molecular attractions - water's tendency to remain wet - temperature variations in liquids - the interaction between air and a water surface

Moon has a sufficient tangential speed.

The Moon does not crash into Earth because - gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up. - Moon has less mass than Earth. - Moon has a sufficient tangential speed. - Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon. - none of the above

1 calorie

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is _______. - 1 newton - 1 joule - 1 calorie - 1 joule or 1 calorie, as both are the same

10 tons.

The buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean is - depends on density of sea water - more than 10 tons. - less than 10 tons. - 10 tons.

equal to the object's weight

The buoyant force on a floating object is _______. - equal to the object's volume - less than the object's weight - more than the buoyant force if submerged - equal to the object's weight

makes the units of measurement consistent

The constant G in Newton's equation _______. - was measured by Newton - makes the units of measurement consistent - shows gravity to be a relatively huge force - produces equilibrium

Before the plane is directly over the target

The crew of a cargo plane wishes to drop a crate of supplies on a target below. To hit the target, when should the crew drop the crate? Ignore air resistance. - Before the plane is directly over the target - When the plane is directly over the target - After the plane has flown over the target

one at Earth's center and the other elsewhere

The foci of the elliptical path for an Earth satellite are _______. - both outside Earth - one at Earth's center and the other elsewhere - one atop the other at Earth's center - both inside Earth

independent of each other

The horizontal and vertical components of velocity for a projectile are _______. - dependent on each other - equal for angles greater than 45° - parts of a parabola - independent of each other

a circular path

The kinetic energy of a satellite remains constant when the satellite follows _______. - any path whatever - an elliptical path - a parabolic path - a circular path

protons

The mass of matter is due mostly to its - electrons. - protons. - both of these

high specific heat.

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's - high specific heat. - high evaporation rate. - vast supply of internal energy. - poor conductivity. - absorption of solar energy.

catenary

The name given to the shape of a sagging rope supported at its ends is a __________. - hyperbola - catenary - parabola - semi-circle

conservation of energy

The operation of a hydraulic press best illustrates _______. - Archimedes' principle - conservation of energy - streamline flow of fluids - differences in pressure

atoms

The periodic table of the elements is a list of __________. - isotopes - atoms - ions - molecules

downward force on the block

The pressure increases on a block resting on a table when you increase the _______. - surface area - density of the block - downward force and surface area - downward force on the block

−273°C

The temperature of absolute zero is stated as _______. - 32°C - (−273°C) - 273 K - 4 kelvin

neither of these

To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be - added to the mercury nucleus. - removed from the mercury nucleus. - either of these - neither of these

small-diameter piston.

To multiply an applied force while using a simple hydraulic lift, your force should be applied to the - large-diameter piston. - relative piston sizes don't matter. - small-diameter piston.

4°C

Water is most dense at _______. - 4°C - 100°C - 0°C - less than 0°C

at the bottom

Water pressure in a lake is greater _______. - at the bottom - at the surface - midway to the bottom - at any point, for pressure is the same throughout

The force decreases to one quarter.

What happens to the force of attraction between two planets when the distance between them is doubled? - The force decreases to half. - The force decreases to one quarter. - The force remains the same. - The force doubles.

The force quadruples.

What happens to the force of attraction between two planets when the masses of both are doubled? - The force increases by 16. - The force quadruples. - The force doubles. - The force remains the same.

100 tons

What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship? - depends on the ship's shape - 100 cubic meters - more than 100 tons - 100 tons - less than 100 tons

Electric

What type of force holds atoms together in a crystal? - Gravitational - Electromagnetic - Magnetic - Electric

tension

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the bottom part of the beam undergoes - tension. - compression.

compression

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the top part of the beam undergoes - compression. - tension. - either of these - none of these

triples

When a party balloon is compressed to one-third its volume, gas pressure in the balloon _______. - is also one-third - triples - remains the same if temperature doesn't change - doubles

neutral layer

When a tree branch is bent, the region in the center of the branch is the __________. - neutral layer - elastic layer - tensile layer - compressed layer

increases to four times as much.

When the distance between two stars decreases by half, the force between them - decreases by one-half. - stays the same. - increases to four times as much. - decreases by one-quarter. - increases to twice as much.

decreases

When the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid _______. - decreases - increases - increases as the square of the increase - remains constant

also increases

When the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the length of the strip _______. - decreases in width as it gets longer - may increase or decrease - also increases - decreases

pressure of a moving fluid.

When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water. This has to do with - surface tension. - pressure of a moving fluid. - capillary action. - heat capacity. - none of these

energy in transit

When we speak about heat, we refer to _______. - work - transfer of kinetic energy - energy in transit - temperature

Robert Brown

Which investigator is credited for discovering Brownian motion? - Robert Brown - John Dalton - Robert Motion - Albert Einstein

Electrons

Which of the following are negatively charged? - Atomic nuclei - Neutrons - Protons - Electrons

Gold

Which of the following has the greatest density? - All the same - Uranium - Lead - Gold

An elephant

Which of the following has the greatest outer surface area? - An elephant - A peach - A grape - A tiger

air

Which of the following is NOT a compound? - ammonia - air - water - salt - all are compounds

none of the above

Which of the following is NOT a mixture? - air - beach sand - cake - granite - none of the above

Hydrogen

Which of the following is an element? - H2O - Carbon dioxide - A supernova - Hydrogen

An ant

Which of the following is stronger per bodyweight? - A human - A fish - An elephant - An ant

iron

Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied? - wood - iron - glass - water - All of the above choices are equally true.

water

Which of these has the highest specific heat capacity? - Iron - Soil - Water - Silver

1 Calorie

Which of these is the largest amount of energy? - 10 calories - 1 Calorie - 5 joules - 100 calories

silver

Which warms up faster when heat is applied - iron or silver? - silver - iron

directly beneath the plane

While an airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 500 meters, the pilot drops a heavy package that falls to the ground. Neglecting air drag, about where does the package land relative to the plane flying above? - 500 m behind the plane - 400 m behind the plane - directly beneath the plane - more than 500 m behind the plane - none of the above