PH solutions, solubility, concentration, acids question/answer
What is independent variable?
the part of the experiment is being changed or manipulated by the scientist doing the experiment. (what you change)
Why does water generally have a neutral pH, even though water molecules dissociate?
very few of the molecules are dissociated (separated) at any one time.
Is it possible to have dilute solutions of strong acids and bases and concentrated solutions of weak acids and bases?
yes
What is concentration?
A measure of the amount of substance per unit volume.
What is neutralization?
A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt with a pH of 7.
scientific method
A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
_____________ 7 on the pH scale is considered a base.
Above
Lemon juice is 2.5 on the pH scale, therefore it is considered a strong___________.
Acid
A strong acid is?
An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution
What are ionic compounds?
An ionic compound is when atoms of different elements combine by losing or gaining electrons
The ________________ of a solution is used to indicate the amount of acid or base dissolved.
Concentration
The pH scale typically ranges from zero to ____.
Fourteen (14)
The pH scale is a measure of concentration of _______ ions in a solution
H+
A base is a substance that produces?
Hydroxide ions (0H-) in solution i also accepts H+ from acids.
The control of an experiment is?
Is what stays the same. also called the standard of comparison
What happens when an atom gains or loses an electron?
It forms ions in the process called ionization.
A pH scale measures what?
It is measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14
What does concentration and dilute mean?
It is the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent.
What is solubility?
It is the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
The___________ of the solution refers to the ease which an acid or base dissociates.
Strength
A____________ acid ionizes almost completely in water.
Strong
The pH is the measure of?
The concentration of H+ions in a solution or how acidic or basic it is.
What is the dependent variable?
The dependent variable is the factor that is measured during an experiment, and is dependent on the independent variable.
An indicator is an organic compound that changes color in the presence of?
an acid or base example- litmus paper
A weak acid is?
an acid that is only slightly ionized in aqueous solution
The strength of an acid or base depends on?
how many acid or base particles dissociate (detach) into ions in water
An acid is a substance that produces?
hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
A base can be (8) ________
slippery bitter tasting can cause tissue damage produces hydroxide ions (OH-) can be corrosive reacts with indicators crystalline solid can conduct electricity example- BLEACH
An Acid can be (4)______
sour tasting can be corrosive reacts with indicators produces hydronium ions (H+) example- LEMON JUICE
A weak base is?
A base that does not dissociate completely into ions in solution.
Neutralization is?
A chemical reaction between an acid and a base in a water solution which results in formation of SALT and WATER
A solution is?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
What are the four properties of acids?
1. Acids taste sour 2. Acids are electrolytes ( can conduct electricity) 3. Acids are corrosive 4. Acids react with indicators to produce a predictable color change
What are the five properties of bases?
1. In dissolved state, many bases are crystalline solid 2. In solutions bases feel slippery 3. Bases have a bitter taste 4. Strong bases are corrosive 5. Bases react with indicators
A strong base is?
A base that dissociates completely into ions in solution.
Why are acids called proton donors?
They release a hydrogen ion without releasing a hydroxide ion. Hydrogen is a single proton.
A _______________ base does not completely ionize in solution.
Weak