pharm 180
A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a unit of packed RBCs following surgery. Which of the following assessments is an indication the client might be experiencing a hemolytic reaction?
Hypotension A hemolytic reaction causes hypotension, headache, apprehension, chest pain, and low-back pain.
A nurse is providing instructions about bowel cleansing with polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG) for a client who is going to have a colonoscopy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
"Abdominal bloating might occur." While PEG is well-tolerated, adverse effects include nausea, bloating, and abdominal discomfort.
A nurse is instructing the caregiver of a toddler who has bacterial conjunctivitis and a new prescription for an ophthalmic ointment. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
"Apply the ointment in a thin line into the conjunctival sac." The medication should be administered (in a thin line) into the conjunctival sac, rather than being placed directly on the globe of the eye. This ensures that more of the medication comes in contact with the surfaces of the eye when the child blinks. If applied to the globe of the eye, most of the medication will end up in the child's lashes when the child closes her eye.
A nurse is caring for a client who has difficulty swallowing medications and is prescribed enteric-coated aspirin PO once daily. The client asks if the medication can be crushed to make it easier to swallow. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide?
"Crushing the medication might cause you to have a stomachache or indigestion." The pill is enteric-coated to prevent breakdown in the stomach and decrease the possibility of GI distress. Crushing the pill destroys that protection.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client who states, "That looks different from the pill I usually take." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
"Describe what the pill looks like." The nurse must collect more data prior to administering the medication. There is a chance that this is not the correct dose or medication. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider in order to ensure safe and effective administration of therapy.
A nurse is teaching a client who has multiple sclerosis about a new prescription for baclofen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Do not take antihistamines with this medication." The nurse should instruct the client not to take antihistamines while taking baclofen. Antihistamines will intensity the depressant effects of baclofen.
A nurse is preparing a presentation about echinacea for a group of clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
"Echinacea boosts the immune system." The nurse should include in the teaching that echinacea may help boost the immune system.
A nurse is preparing a presentation about glucosamine to a group of clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Glucosamine may help to increase joint functionality." The nurse should include in the teaching that glucosamine may increase joint functionality by decreasing destruction of cartilage
A nurse is caring for an adolescent client who is receiving carbamazepine for partial seizure disorder. Which of the following statements by the client's parent is the nurse's priority?
"He has so many new bruises on his body." When using the urgent vs non-urgent approach to client care, the nurse determines that the priority concern is frequent bruising because this is a manifestation of carbamazepine toxicity. Carbamazepine toxicity can cause bone marrow depression, including leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The parent should monitor the client for bruising, bleeding, and sore throat and have periodic blood work drawn to monitor for myelosuppression.
A nurse is caring for a client who reports taking bisacodyl to promote a daily bowel movement. Which of the following assessment questions should be the nurse's priority?
"How long have you been taking the bisacodyl?" The greatest risk to this client is injury from dependency on laxatives, as bowel tone can be lost; therefore, the priority question the nurse should ask the client is how long he has been using bisacodyl.
FLAG A nurse is teaching a client who takes warfarin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"I have started taking ginger root to treat my joint stiffness." Ginger root can interfere with the blood clotting effect of warfarin and place the client at risk for bleeding. This statement indicates the client needs further teaching.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has gout and a new prescription for allopurinol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I need to increase my fluid intake while taking this medication." Clients who have gout should increase their fluid intake to 2 to 3L per day to prevent toxicity of allopurinol and decrease uric acid levels.
A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should eat more bananas while taking this medication." The nurse should instruct the client to eat more potassium-rich foods such as bananas and citrus fruits while taking this medication. Prednisone can cause a loss of potassium, and the nurse should instruct the about the manifestations of hypokalemia such as muscle weakness and cramping and to notify the provider should these occur.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should report a cough to my provider." The client should report a cough to the provider. The provider should discontinue the medication for a persistent, irritating cough.
A nurse is teaching a client who is taking atorvastatin daily. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will avoid drinking grapefruit juice." Grapefruits and grapefruit juice can reduce metabolism of atorvastatin, which increases the risk for toxicity.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for cromolyn and albuterol, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the cromolyn." The client should always use the bronchodilator (albuterol) prior to using the leukotriene modifier (cromolyn). Using the bronchodilator first allows the airways to be opened, ensuring that the maximum dose of medication will get to the client's lungs.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for ferrous sulfate. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will expect the color of my urine to be amber." The color of the urine is an indication of how concentrated or diluted the urine is and may be affected by food and medications; however, ferrous sulfate does not affect the color of the urine.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for amoxicillin-clavulanate to treat pharyngitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will stop taking this medication if I develop itching."
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has oral candidiasis and a new prescription for nystatin suspension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will store the medication at room temperature." Nystatin oral suspension should be stored at room temperature
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has angina pectoris and a new prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I'll dial 911 if 1 nitroglycerin tablet does not relieve my pain, and then take up to 2 more tablets 5 minutes apart while waiting." If 1 nitroglycerin tablet does not relieve the client's pain, he should access emergency services and then take 2 more tablets at 5-min intervals if he still has pain.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for fluoxetine to treat depression. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I'll take this medicine first thing in the morning." The client should take fluoxetine in the morning to reduce the risk for insomnia
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I'll use my electric razor for shaving." Because this medication prolongs clotting times, the client should avoid situations that put him at high risk for bleeding, such as shaving with a straight razor or a razor blade.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who takes opioid pain medication and has a new prescription for docusate sodium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"It might take up to 3 days for the medication to work." The client understands docusate sodium is a stool softener and the therapeutic effect might take up to 3 days to achieve.
A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Monitor for leg cramps." Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypokalemia. The client should monitor for manifestations of hypokalemia, such as fatigue, tachycardia, leg cramps, and muscle weakness.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for colchicine to treat gout. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Monitor for muscle pain." This medication can cause rhabdomyolysis. The client should monitor and report muscle pain.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for erythromycin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
"Monitor for ringing in your ears." Ototoxicity is an adverse effect of erythromycin. The client should monitor and report manifestations of ototoxicity, such as tinnitus, dizziness, and vertigo.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for bumetanide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"Report changes in hearing." Bumetanide is a high-ceiling loop diuretic. It promotes diuresis by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. High-ceiling loop diuretics can cause ototoxicity. Concurrent use of aminoglycosides, such as gentamycin, increases the risk of ototoxicity. Inform clients about possible hearing loss and instruct clients to notify the prescriber if a hearing deficit or tinnitus develops.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and a new prescription for sucralfate tablets. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
"Take sucralfate 1 hr before meals." Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant. The client should take it on an empty stomach, 1 hr before meals, for maximum effectiveness.
A nurse at a family practice clinic receives a call from a client who is prescribed oral contraceptives but forgot to take one dose. The client reports she is in the first week of a 28-day cycle pack. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
"Take the missed dose now, then continue the medication as ordered." The nurse should tell the client to take the missed dose immediately, then continue with the pack as ordered. The nurse should also tell the client to use an additional form of contraception for 7 days.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ferrous sulfate tablets twice daily for iron-deficiency anemia. The client asks the nurse why the provider instructed that she take the ferrous sulfate between meals. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
"Taking the medication between meals will help you absorb the medication more efficiently." Ferrous sulfate provides the iron needed by the body to produce red blood cells. Taking iron supplements between meals helps to increase the bioavailability of the iron.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is taking warfarin about monitoring its therapeutic effects. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide about the international normalized ratio (INR) test?
"The INR is a standardized test that eliminates the variations between laboratories reports in prothrombin times." The INR is a standardized test, which means that the result will be the same, no matter which laboratory performs it.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate to treat severe preeclampsia and asks the nurse "Is the medication working?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
"The medication is working, because there is no seizure activity." Magnesium sulfate can be used for various reasons, including antacid, antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsant, electrolyte replacement and laxative. The primary indication for the client who is being treated for preeclampsia is the anticonvulsant properties. It is the preferred drug to prevent seizures in preeclampsia and treat seizures associated with eclampsia.
A nurse is teaching an adolescent about medication therapy with oral acetylcysteine. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"This medication has a very unusual odor." This medication has an odor similar to rotten eggs due to the presence of disulfide linkages.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis and a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
"Urine and other secretions might turn orange." MY ANSWER Rifampin might turn the urine and other secretions reddish-orange. This includes sputum, tears, and sweat.
A nurse is teaching a female client who has a new prescription for transdermal sumatriptan to treat migraine headaches. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Use contraception while taking this medication." Sumatriptan can cause teratogenesis and should not be used during pregnancy.
A nurse is caring for a client who has deep vein thrombosis and has been on heparin continuous infusion for 5 days. The provider prescribes warfarin PO without discontinuing the heparin. The client asks the nurse why both anticoagulants are necessary. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
"Warfarin takes several days to work, so the IV heparin will be used until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level." Heparin and warfarin are both anticoagulants that decrease the clotting ability of the blood and help prevent thrombosis formation in the blood vessels. However, these medications work in different ways to achieve therapeutic coagulation and must be given together until therapeutic levels of anticoagulation can be achieved by warfarin alone, which is usually within 1 to 5 days. When the client's PT and INR are within therapeutic range, the heparin can be discontinued.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for codeine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
"You should change positions slowly." The client should change positions slowly to avoid the risk of falls. Codeine is an opioid analgesic that causes CNS depression and orthostatic hypotension.
A nurse is teaching a class about safe medication administration. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following references are acceptable for safe medication administration? (Select all that apply.)
.Published journals is correct. Published journals and reputable newsletters, such as The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics, and the Prescriber's Letter, are bimonthly and monthly publications that present current information on medications. Pharmacists is correct. Pharmacists provide expert information about medications, expected versus unexpected side effects, contraindications, compatibilities, and indications for use. Physicians' Desk Reference is correct. The Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) is a reference work financed by the pharmaceutical industry. The information on each drug is identical to the information on the package insert. The PDR is updated annually to reflect current
A nurse is preparing to administer 250 mg of an antibiotic IM. Available is 3 g/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
0.4 mL IM.
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin 2,000 units by IV bolus. Available is heparin injection 5,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
0.4 mL.
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin 3,000 units by IV bolus. Available is heparin injection 5,000 units/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
0.6 mL
A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive liquid medications via a gastrostomy tube. The client is prescribed phenytoin 250 mg. The amount available is phenytoin oral solution 25 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
50 mL via gastrostomy tube.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for 3,000 mL of dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride to infuse IV over 24 hr. The nurse initiates an IV infusion of 1,000 mL of this fluid at 0800. At what time should the nurse prepare to initiate the second 1,000 mL bag?
1600 3000 mL is going to be infused over 24 hr. Each 1000 mL will hang for 8 hr. The first 1000 mL bag was initiated at 0800, so the second 1000 mL bag will be initiated in 8 hr, or at 1600.
A nurse is preparing to administer chlordiazepoxide 50 mg PO every 8 hr to a client. The amount available is chlordiazepoxide 25 mg/capsule. How many capsules should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
2 tablet
A nurse is preparing to administer levothyroxine 0.275 mg PO daily to a client. The amount available is levothyroxine 137 mcg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero)
2 tablets
A nurse is preparing to administer fosamprenavir 1400 mg PO bid. Available is fosamprenavir 700 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
2 tablets PO per dose.
A nurse is preparing to administer hydromorphone 2.5 mg. The amount available is 5 mg/5 mL elixir. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
2.5 mL PO.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative hip arthroplasty and has a new prescription for enoxaparin 1 mg/kg/dose subcutaneous every 12 hr. The client weighs 95 lbs. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
43.2 mg per dose
A nurse is preparing to administer ticarcillin / clavulanate 3.1 g by intermittent IV bolus over 30 min. Available is ticarcillin / clavulanate 3.1 g in 50 mL 0.9% sodium chloride (NSS). The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
50 mL at 100 mL/hr.
A nurse is preparing to administer celecoxib 200 mg PO daily divided into two equal doses. Available is celecoxib 50 mg capsules. How many capsules should the nurse administer with each dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
= 2 capsules
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for aspirin to prevent cardiovascular disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Monitor for tinnitus. Tinnitus is a manifestation of salicylism, or aspirin toxicity. Other manifestations include sweating, headache, and dizz
A nurse is teaching a client who is in her first trimester of pregnancy about over-the-counter medications that are a pregnancy risk category B. Which of the following medications should the nurse include?
Acetaminophen Acetaminophen is a pregnancy risk category B. Animal studies do not show fetal risk or controlled studies in women do not show a fetal risk.
A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing status asthmaticus. Which of the following interventions is the priority for the nurse to take?
Administer a short-acting ß2 -agonist (SABA). When using the urgent versus non-urgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority action is to administer a nebulized high-dose SABA to relieve bronchoconstriction and improve ventilation.
A nurse is preparing to administer blood to a client. The unit of blood on hand is type O negative, and the client has type A positive blood. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Administer the blood as ordered. The nurse should administer the blood as ordered. Type O blood is compatible with type A. Type O blood is considered a universal donor, as it contains no antigens to react to transfused blood.
A nurse at an ophthalmology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open-angle glaucoma and a new treatment regimen of timolol and pilocarpine eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Administer the medications 5 min apart. The nurse should instruct the client that, if more than one ophthalmic medication is to be administered, they should be given 5 min apart.
A nurse is teaching a client who has been taking prednisone to treat asthma and has a new prescription to discontinue the medication. The nurse should explain to the client to reduce the dose gradually to prevent which of the following adverse effects?
Adrenocortical insufficiency Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is similar to cortisol, the glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. It relieves inflammation and is used to treat certain forms of arthritis, severe allergies, autoimmune disorders, and asthma. Administration of glucocorticoids can suppress production of glucocorticoids, and an abrupt withdrawal of the drug can lead to a syndrome of adrenal insufficiency.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has seizures and a new prescription for phenytoin. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
Alcohol increases the chance of phenytoin toxicity. The nurse should include in the home instructions that alcohol alters the blood level of phenytoin.
A nurse is caring for a child who is allergic to penicillin. The nurse should verify which of the following prescriptions with the provider
Amoxicillin-clavulanate Penicillin is the most common medication allergy. Clients who are allergic to one penicillin medication should be considered allergic to all penicillins, which would include amoxicillin-clavulanate. Reactions may mild or life-threatening.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The nurse should plan to administer the client's PRN bethanechol when the client reports which of the following manifestations?
An inability to void Bethanechol is a cholinergic medication that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system, thus improving the tone and motility of the smooth muscles of the urinary tract enough to initiate urination.
A nurse is assessing an older adult client who is receiving digoxin. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of digoxin toxicity?
Anorexia Anorexia, vomiting, confusion, headache, and vision changes are manifestations of digoxin toxicity.
A nurse caring for a client who has hypertension and asks the nurse about a prescription for propranolol. The nurse should inform the client that this medication is contraindicated in clients who have a history of which of the following conditions?
Asthma Propranolol, a beta-blocker, is contraindicated in clients who have asthma because it can cause bronchospasms. Propranolol blocks the sympathetic stimulation, which prevents smooth muscle relaxation.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has emphysema and a new prescription for theophylline. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Avoid caffeine while taking this medication. The nurse should instruct the client that caffeine should be avoided while taking theophylline, as it can increase central nervous system stimulation.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for cyclobenzaprine. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Avoid driving until effects are known. Cyclobenzaprine can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Instruct the client to avoid driving if these effects occur.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a fungal infection and has a new prescription for amphotericin B. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider before initiating the medication?
BUN 55 mg/dL This BUN level is above the expected reference range (10-20 mg/dL). Amphotericin B is nephrotoxic and is contraindicated if BUN is > 40mg/dL. The nurse should report this laboratory value to the provider before initiating the medication.
A nurse is teaching a client who reports taking gingko biloba to improve his memory. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include?
Bleeding gums Gingko biloba is an herbal medication used by clients to improve age-related memory loss as well as to decrease leg pain in clients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Although gingko biloba is generally well-tolerated, it may suppress coagulation. There have been reports of spontaneous bleeding in clients taking this herbal medication. Clients should be instructed to discontinue use and report increased bleeding, such as nosebleeds, bleeding gums, any cuts that do not stop bleeding, to their provider.s
A nurse is assessing an older adult client who is receiving IV therapy. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings indicates fluid volume excess? (Select all that apply.)
Bounding pulse is correct. Fluid volume excess is due to excessive fluid intake or inadequate fluid excretion. Manifestations include increased blood pressure, pulse, and respirations. With fluid volume excess, the pulse is full and bounding. Pitting edema is correct. Excess extracellular fluid can lead to pitting edema in dependent areas of the body. Swelling at the IV site is incorrect. Edema at the IV site indicates a localized accumulation of fluid due to infiltration. Although this is a concern, this finding does not suggest fluid volume excess. This finding would suggest infiltration. The nurse should discontinue the IV and restarted at another site. Urine specific gravity greater than 1.030 is incorrect. Urine-specific gravity measures the concentration of all chemical particles in the urine. A therapeutic range is 1.005 to 1.030. A urine-specific gravity greater than 1.030 indicates dehydration, and a gravity of less than 1.010 indicates fluid volume excess. Crackles upon a
A nurse is teaching a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for atenolol. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as adverse effects of this medication?
Bradycardia Atenolol is a beta-blocker, which slows the heart rate. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor his pulse rate and report bradycardia.
A client who is receiving magnesium sulfate has a urine output of 20 mL/hr. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
Calcium gluconate Magnesium sulfate is used to manage clients who have preeclampsia and require close monitoring for signs of excessive administration. Central nervous system and respiratory depression, depression of deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, diaphoresis, and decreased or loss of urinary output are signs of excessive magnesium administration. Calcium gluconate is administered intravenously over several minutes as the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a central venous catheter and reports hearing a gurgling sound on the side of the catheter insertion. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect?
Catheter migration A client report of hearing a gurgling sound on the side of the catheter insertion is a manifestation of catheter migration.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion of heparin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Check the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) every 4 hr. Heparin is an anticoagulant. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) should be monitored every 4 hr and the infusion rate should be adjusted accordingly until the effective dose has been determined.
A nurse is preparing to administer cephalexin oral suspension to an older adult client who has difficulty swallowing pills. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Check the client for a penicillin allergy. The nurse should check the client for a penicillin allergy because cephalexin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that is similar in actions and structure to penicillin.
A nurse in a provider's clinic is assessing a client who has cancer and a prescription for methotrexate PO. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when the client reports bleeding gums?
Check the value of the client's current platelet count. The nurse should recognize that the bleeding is likely due to the adverse effect of the chemotherapy and needs to be evaluated further. Bleeding gums is a sign of thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count) secondary to bone marrow suppression, which can be life-threatening in a client who is receiving chemotherapy.
A nurse is preparing to administer heparin subcutaneously to a client who has a deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use?
Cleanse the skin with an alcohol swab, insert the needle, inject the heparin, and observe for bleeding. This is the correct technique for the nurse to use to inject heparin.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a unit of packed red blood cells. Which of the following findings is a manifestation of acute hemolytic reaction?
Client report of low back pain Manifestations of an acute hemolytic reaction include apprehension, tachypnea, hypotension, chest pain, and lower back pain.
A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). When the client develops a sample lunch menu, which of the following items requires intervention by the nurse?
Clients who are receiving an MAOI should avoid foods containing a high tyramine content. Bologna has a high tyramine content and should be avoided.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for aluminum hydroxide to treat heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report which of the following adverse reactions?
Constipation Aluminum hydroxide can cause constipation. The nurse should tell the client to increase fluid and fiber intake to reduce the risk for constipation.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has renal failure and an elevated phosphorous level. The provider instructed the client to take aluminum hydroxide 300 mg PO three times daily. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse inform the client?
Constipation Constipation is a common side effect of aluminum-based antacids. The nurse should instruct the client to increase fiber intake and that stool softeners or laxatives may be needed.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mydriatic eye drops. Which of the following manifestations indicates to the nurse that the client has developed a systemic anticholinergic effect?
Constipation Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects, such as constipation and dry mouth.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mydriatic eye drops. Which of the following manifestations indicates to the nurse that the client has developed a systemic anticholinergic effect? Seizures
Constipation Mydriatic eye drops can cause systemic anticholinergic effects, such as constipation and dry mouth.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has been on levothyroxine for several months. Which of the following findings indicates a therapeutic response to the medication?
Decrease in level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In hypothyroidism, the nonfunctioning thyroid gland is unable to respond to the TSH, and no endogenous thyroid hormones are released. This results in an elevation of the TSH level as the anterior pituitary continues to release the TSH to stimulate the thyroid gland. Administration of exogenous thyroid hormones, such as levothyroxine, turns off this feedback loop, which results in a decreased level of TSH.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse notes a flushing of the neck and tachycardia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Decrease the infusion rate on the IV. This client is experiencing Red man syndrome, which includes a flushing of the neck, face, upper body, arms and back along with tachycardia, hypotension and urticaria. This can lead to an anaphylactic reaction if the IV infusion rate is not slowed down to run greater than 1 hour.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for olanzapine. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following manifestations as an expected response to this medication?
Decreased auditory hallucinations Olanzapine is prescribed for the treatment of the manifestations of schizophrenia, one of which is auditory hallucinations.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for prednisone to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following is a therapeutic effect of this medication?
Decreases inflammation Prednisone is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis because it produces anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which reduces inflammation, decreases pain, and increases mobility.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for colchicine orally to treat gout. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following findings is an adverse effect of colchicine?
Diarrhea The nurse should inform the client that gastrointestinal effects, including diarrhea, are an adverse effect of colchicine and are an indication of toxicity due to the medication. The nurse should instruct the client to discontinue the medication if these gastrointestinal effects occur.
A nurse is teaching a client how to draw up regular insulin and NPH insulin into the same syringe. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Discard regular insulin that appears cloudy. The nurse should teach the client to discard any regular insulin that appears cloudy, as regular insulin should be clear. NPH insulin has a cloudy appearance.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Do not use salt substitutes while taking this medication. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause hyperkalemia due to potassium retention by the kidney. The client should avoid salt substitutes, as most of them are high in potassium.
A charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse administer medications to a client. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse should prompt the charge nurse to intervene?
Documents medication administration prior to administering it. The nurse should document administering medications after they are given to reduce the risk of error.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for methotrexate. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
Drink 2 to 3 L of water per day while on the medication. Methotrexate can cause renal toxicity. Adequate hydration promotes its excretion and helps prevent this adverse effect.
A nurse is completing a medication history for a client who reports using over-the-counter calcium carbonate antacid. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make about taking this medication?
Drink a glass of water after taking the medication. Calcium carbonate is a dietary supplement used when the amount of calcium taken in the diet is not enough. Calcium carbonate may also be used as an antacid to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and stomach upset. The client should drink a full glass of water after taking an antacid to enhance its effectiveness.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following hip arthroplasty. The nurse should anticipate which of the following prescriptions for this client?
Enoxaparin The nurse should anticipate a prescription for enoxaparin as prophylaxis therapy for venous thromboembolism. Clients following hip arthroplasty are usually on anticoagulants for 3 to 6 weeks after surgery.
A nurse is providing teaching to a female client who has type 2 diabetes and a new prescription for pioglitazone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Expect urine to be darkened is incorrect. Darkened urine may be an indication of hepatotoxicity and should be reported to the provider Monitor weight daily is correct. Pioglitazone may lead to fluid retention and worsen heart failure. Clients should monitor weight and report any rapid gains to the provider Increase calcium intake is correct. Pioglitazone increases the risk of fractures in women. Clients should be advised to exercise and ensure adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium to protect bone health.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin for heart failure and develops indications of severe digoxin toxicity. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
Fab antibody fragments Fab antibody fragments, also called digoxin immune Fab, bind to digoxin and block its action. The nurse should prepare to administer this antidote IV to clients who have severe digoxin toxicity.
A nurse is assessing a client who has acute cocaine toxicity. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Fever is correct. Hyperpyrexia is a manifestation of acute cocaine toxicity. Tremor is correct. Tremor and dizziness are manifestations of acute cocaine toxicity. Agitation is correct. Agitation and hallucinations are manifestations of acute cocaine toxicity.
A nurse is obtaining a medical history from a client who is to start warfarin therapy and currently uses herbal supplements at home. The nurse should inform the client that which of the following herbal supplements can interact adversely with warfarin?
Feverfew The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking feverfew while taking warfarin because it will increase the anticoagulant effect.
A nurse is caring for a client who is to start taking cyclosporine following a kidney transplant. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following foods can have an adverse interaction with this medication?
Grapefruit juice Clients taking cyclosporine should avoid drinking grapefruit juice because it can increase the therapeutic effect leading to renal and hepatic toxicity.
A nurse is preparing to administer morphine 4 mg IV bolus to a client who reports pain. Available is morphine 10 mg/mL. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Have another nurse witness the disposal of the extra medication. Any excess narcotic must be disposed. The disposal must be witnessed and documented by a second nurse.
A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and a new prescription for ondansetron to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
Headache Headache is a common adverse effect of ondansetron. Analgesic relief is often required.
A nurse is assessing a client prior to administering atenolol. Which of the following findings should prompt the nurse to withhold the medication?
Heart rate 46/min The nurse should check the client's heart rate prior to administering a beta-blocker. If the client's heart rate is less than 50/min, the nurse should hold the medication and contact the provider. Atenolol is a beta-blocker and is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina, and following a myocardial infarction. This medication works by slowing the heart rate, decreasing the speed of electrical impulses through the atrioventricular node, and decreasing the force of contraction.
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a new prescription for furosemide. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor?
Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is an adverse effect of furosemide.
A nurse is preparing to administer verapamil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when giving this medication?
Hypotension Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, can be used to control supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. It also decreases blood pressure and acts as a coronary vasodilator and antianginal agent. A major adverse effect of verapamil is hypotension; therefore, blood pressure and pulse must be monitored before and during parenteral administration.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving liothyronine for treatment of hypothyroidism. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings is a therapeutic response to this medication?
Increase in energy An increase in energy is a therapeutic response to liothyronine. Depression, lethargy, and fatigue are manifestations of hypothyroidism and effective treatment will improve these manifestations.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports acute pain. The nurse should anticipate which of the following findings?
Increased heart rate Acute pain stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and can cause an increase in heart rate.
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed agranulocytosis as a result of taking propylthiouracil to treat hyperthyroidism. The nurse should understand that this client is at increased risk for which of the following conditions?
Infection Agranulocytosis is a failure of the bone marrow to make enough white blood cells, causing neutropenia and lowering the body defenses against infection.
A nurse in an emergency department is preparing to administer theophylline by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion to a client who is experiencing an asthma attack. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Infuse the medication with an IV pump. Theophylline should be administered slowly on an infusion pump. Rapid administration may cause hypotension and death.
A nurse is caring for a client who has just begun therapy with alprazolam to treat anxiety. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
Insomnia The nurse should monitor the client for paradoxical effects such as insomnia and excitation. If these occur, the medication should be withdrawn.
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking levothyroxine. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of levothyroxine overdose?
Insomnia Levothyroxine overdose will result in manifestations of hyperthyroidism, which include insomnia, tachycardia, and hyperthermia.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. On which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to instruct the client?
Levodopa/carbidopa Levodopa/carbidopa is the cornerstone of Parkinson's treatment. The nurse should prepare to instruct the client on the use of this medication.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism. On which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to instruct the client?
Levothyroxine Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is chemically identical to thyroxine (T4). It is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. The nurse should prepare to instruct the client on the use of this medication.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a traumatic head injury and is exhibiting signs of increasing intracranial pressure. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
Mannitol 25% The nurse should plan to administer mannitol 25%, an osmotic diuretic that lowers intracranial pressure by promoting diuresis.
A nurse manager is providing an educational program on antibiotic sensitivity to bacterial infections. The nurse should include in the teaching that vancomycin is indicated for which of the following infections?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
A nurse is preparing to administer nalbuphine to a postoperative client who is experiencing pain. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following potential adverse effects of this medication?
Miosis Adverse effects of nalbuphine include visual disturbances such as miosis, blurred vision, and diplopia.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
Monitor for a cough. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension. The client should monitor and report a cough and dyspnea.
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypercholesterolemia and is receiving simvastatin. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential adverse effect?
Muscle weakness
A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who is resistant to taking medication. Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to elicit the child's cooperation?
Offer the child a choice of taking the medication with juice or water. While taking the medicine is not a choice, the child can decide what kind of fluid to take with the medication. This gives the preschool-aged child a sense of control over a stressful situation and increases the child's ability to cope.
A nurse is reviewing laboratory results of a client who has atrial fibrillation and is taking warfarin. For which of the following results should the nurse notify the provider?
PT 45 seconds The expected reference range for PT is 11 to 12.5 seconds. During therapy, the nurse should expect to see the values increase 1.5 to 2.5 times the baseline. Therefore, the nurse should withhold the warfarin and notify the provider.
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a detached retina and is preoperative for a surgical repair. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?
Phenylephrine Mydriatic medications, such as phenylephrine, are used preoperatively to dilate pupils to facilitate intraocular surgery.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data on a client who has a new prescription for heparin for treatment of a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following data should the nurse report to the provider?
Platelets 74,000/mm3 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is a disorder characterized by low platelet counts. It is an adverse effect of heparin that causes the activation of platelets, resulting in widespread clot formation and depletion of platelets. The expected reference range for platelets is 150,000-400,000/mm3.
A nurse observes a parent administer a prescribed oral medication to an infant. Which of the following actions by the parent indicates a need for further instruction?
Positions the infant in a supine position The parent should place the infant in a semi-upright position when administering medication to reduce the risk for aspiration
A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following medications can cause glucose intolerance?
Prednisone Corticosteroids such as prednisone can cause glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. The client might require increased dosage of a hypoglycemic medication.
A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is receiving a continuous heparin infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available to reverse heparin's effects?
Protamine sulfate Protamine sulfate reverses the effects of heparin by binding with heparin to form a heparin-protamine complex that has no anticoagulant properties.
A nurse is teaching a class about medication reconciliation. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Provide a list of the client's current medications during admission to a health care facility. The nurse should create a list of current medications including the name, indication, route, dosage, and dosing interval upon admission to a health care facility. The list consists of all medications, including vitamins, herbal products, and prescription and nonprescription medications.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery and reports incisional pain. The surgeon has prescribed morphine 4 mg IV bolus every 6 hr as needed. Before administering this medication, the nurse should complete which priority assessment?
Respiratory rate The priority action the nurse should take when using the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) approach to client care is to evaluate the client's respirations. The respiratory rate is especially important because opioid analgesics like morphine can cause respiratory depression.
A nurse in a mental health clinic is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and a prescription for an antipsychotic medication. The provider and nursing staff suspect the client is not adhering to his medication therapy. Which of the following interventions should the staff use to encourage the client's adherence? (Select all that apply.)
Provide for once-daily dosing is correct. Once-daily dosing of medications simplifies the therapy, making it easier for the client to comply. Use sustained-release forms is correct. Sustained-release forms remain in the client's system longer, requiring less frequent dosing .Engage the client in conversation following medication administration is correct. If the client is speaking, he will be less likely able to hide the medication in his mouth.
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking oxacillin to treat an infection. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings is a manifestation of an allergic reaction?
Pruritus An allergic reaction is an immune response that can manifest as pruritus and urticaria and can progress to anaphylaxis.
A nurse is caring for a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and a new prescription for IV rifampin. The nurse should instruct the client that they should expect to experience which of the following manifestations while taking this medication?
Red-colored urine Rifampin is used in combination with other medicines to treat TB. Rifampin will cause the urine, stool, saliva, sputum, sweat, and tears to turn reddish-orange to reddish-brown.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking sucralfate. Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Relief of gastrointestinal pain Sucralfate, an antiulcer medication, is prescribed for acute or maintenance therapy of duodenal ulcers. A therapeutic effect of the medication is relief of gastrointestinal pain associated with gastric ulcers. Sucralfate also promotes ulcer healing.
A nurse is monitoring a client who received epinephrine for angioedema after a first dose of losartan. Which of the following data indicates a therapeutic response to the epinephrine?
Respirations are unlabored. Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Both ARBs and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have the adverse effect of angioedema. The primary symptom of angioedema is swelling of the tongue, glottis, and pharynx. This results in limitation or blockage of the airway. Angioedema causes the capillaries to become more permeable, resulting in fluid shifting into the subcutaneous tissues. Although the mouth and throat are most often affected, any area may be involved in the process. Untreated, angioedema can result in death. Improvement of respiratory effort following the administration of epinephrine is the most important therapeutic indicator.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has asthma and a new prescription for inhaled beclomethasone. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Rinse the mouth after administration. Use of glucocorticoids by metered dose inhaler can allow a fungal overgrowth in the mouth. Rinsing the mouth after administration can lessen the likelihood of this complication.
A nurse is teaching a client about taking diphenhydramine. The nurse should explain to the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?
Sedation Diphenhydramine can cause sedation. It is used to treat rhinitis, allergies, and insomnia.
A nurse in a critical care unit is caring for a client who is postoperative following a right pneumonectomy. After extubation from the ventilator, in which of the following positions should the client be placed?
Semi-Fowler's Pneumonectomy is the surgical removal of the lung, which is most commonly performed to remove a tumor in a client who has lung cancer. Following extubation from the ventilator, the client should be placed in semi-Fowler's position to help to ensure adequate ventilation and decrease the risk of complications. This position also offers the client the most comfort.
A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of a small bowel obstruction. The nurse should withhold which of the following medications?
Senna Laxatives are contraindicated in clients who have fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, and acute abdominal surgery to prevent perforation. Because the bowel does not allow for any passage of stool with a complete small bowel obstruction, laxatives will cause increased abdominal cramping and discomfort.
A nurse is preparing to administer a rectal suppository to a client. In which of the following positions should the nurse place the client for insertion of the suppository?
Sim's position The nurse should assist the client to the Sim's position by lying on the left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent. This position exposes the anus and helps the client relax the external sphincter, allowing for easier insertion of the suppository.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has schizophrenia and a new prescription for fluphenazine. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
Sleepiness should subside within a week." The nurse should inform the client that fluphenazine, like other first-generation antipsychotics, may cause sedation with early treatment, but should subside within a week or so.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for lithium to treat bipolar disorder. The nurse should instruct the client to ensure an adequate intake of which of the following dietary elements?
Sodium Lithium is a salt. If sodium level falls, the client will retain lithium and have an increased risk for lithium toxicity.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid which of the following herbal supplements?
Soy The nurse should instruct the client to avoid soy because soy can reduce the effectiveness of the levothyroxine.
A nurse is providing instruction to a new nurse about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy to treat heart failure. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts clients at risk for both hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?
Spironolactone Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It blocks the effects of aldosterone in the renal tubules, causing a loss of sodium and water and the retention of potassium. The possible adverse reactions include hyperkalemia and hyponatremia.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for hydroxychloroquine to treat mild manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Wear sunglasses when out in bright sunshine. The nurse should instruct the client to wear sunglasses to decrease photophobia when taking hydroxychloroquine. Clients should have an ophthalmologic examination before treatment because the medication can cause retinopathy.
A nurse is planning to apply a transdermal analgesic cream prior to inserting an IV for a preschool-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Select all that apply.)
Spread the cream over the lateral surface of both forearms is incorrect. The nurse should apply the smallest amount of cream to the smallest area required to reduce the risk for systemic toxicity. Systemic effects of the anesthetic include bradycardia, heart block, and seizures. to intact skin is correct. The nurse should apply cream over intact skin to reduce the risk for systemic toxicity. The nurse should wear gloves while applying the cream to reduce the risk of absorbing the anesthetic. Apply the medication an hour before the procedure begins is correct. The nurse should allow 30 min to 1 hr for the topical analgesic to take effect. Cleanse the skin prior to procedure is correct. Apply the topical analgesic to clean skin to increase absorption. Use a visual pain rating scale to evaluate effectiveness of the treatment is correct. A child's response and understanding of pain depends on the child's age and stage of development. A preschooler might be unable to describe pain d
A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pneumonia and a prescription for penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports that the IV site itches and that he feels dizzy and short of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Stop the infusion. When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse should place the priority on stopping the infusion. The client is exhibiting signs of penicillin anaphylaxis and the first action that should be taken is to withdraw the medication.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has stable angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Swallow the capsules whole. The client should swallow the capsules whole and not chew or crush them or place them under the tongue.
A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving dopamine IV to treat left ventricular failure. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the medication is having a therapeutic effect?
Systolic blood pressure is increased When dopamine has a therapeutic effect, it causes vasoconstriction peripherally and increases systolic blood pressure.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is on diuretic therapy and has a new prescription for potassium chloride (KCL) 20 mEq extended-release PO daily. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide about the new prescription?
Take the extended release tablets whole. The nurse should teach the client that extended release tablets should be taken whole and should not be broken, crushed, or chewed.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Take the medication early in the day. The nurse should instruct the client to take hydrochlorothiazide early in the day to avoid nocturia.
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has anemia and a new prescription for ferrous sulfate liquid. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Take the medication with orange juice to enhance absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is found in orange juice, will enhance the absorption of iron and increase its bioavailability. This will also help to decrease the gastrointestinal side effects of iron.
A nurse in a substance abuse clinic is assessing a client who recently started taking disulfiram. The client reports having discontinued the medication after experiencing severe nausea and vomiting. Which of the following reasons should the nurse suspect to be a likely cause of the client's distress?
The client consumed alcohol while taking the medication. Disulfiram is given to clients who have a history of alcohol abuse. It produces a sensitivity to alcohol that results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the client ingests even small amounts of alcohol. When combined with alcohol, disulfiram produces nausea and vomiting.
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking montelukast. Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?
The client experiences an increased ease of breathing. Montelukast is a bronchodilator that is prescribed for clients who have chronic asthma or seasonal rhinitis. Therapeutic effects of the medication are an increased ease of breathing.
A nurse is reviewing the health history for a client who has angina pectoris and a prescription for propranolol hydrochloride PO 40 mg twice daily. Which of the following findings in the history should the nurse report to the provider?
The client has a history of bronchial asthma. Beta-adrenergic blockers can cause bronchospasm in clients who have bronchial asthma; therefore, this is a contraindication to its use and should be reported to the provider.
A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma about how to use an albuterol inhaler. Which of the following actions by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
The client holds his breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication. The medication should be retained in the lungs for a minimum of 10 seconds so the maximum amount of the dosage can be delivered properly to the airways. To use the inhaler, the client exhales normally just prior to releasing the medication, inhales deeply as the medication is released, then holds the medication in the lungs for approximately 10 seconds prior to exhaling.
A nurse is completing a medical interview with a client who has elevated cholesterol levels and takes warfarin. The nurse should recognize that which of the following actions by the client can potentiate the effects of warfarin?
The client uses garlic to lower cholesterol levels. The nurse should recognize that garlic can potentiate the action of the warfarin.
A nurse at an ophthalmology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open angle glaucoma and a new prescription for timolol eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
The medication should be applied on a regular schedule for the rest of the client's life. Medications prescribed for open angle glaucoma are intended to enhance aqueous outflow, or decrease its production, or both. The client must continue the eye drops on an uninterrupted basis for life to maintain intraocular pressure at an acceptable level.
A nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.)
The medication will prevent wheezing is correct. Albuterol is used to prevent or treat wheezing. The medication will open the airways is correct. Albuterol promotes bronchodilation. The primary purpose is to provide rapid relief of bronchoconstriction, thus opening the airway and improving oxygenation. The medication will decrease coughing episodes is correct. Coughing is often an early indicator of bronchospasm. Albuterol provides a rapid response to relax smooth muscle and reduce bronchoconstriction, which will decrease coughing.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a fractured ulna and a new prescription for cyclobenzaprine. Before administering, which of the following explanations should the nurse provide to explain the purpose of the medication?
The medication will relieve muscle spasms that might occur with a fracture. The nurse should explain that the provider prescribed cyclobenzaprine to relieve muscle spasms that can accompany the acute pain of fractures.
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 100 mg PO every 8 hr to a toddler who weighs 20 kg. The recommended dosage range is 20 to 25 mg/kg/day. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate?
The nurse determines the prescription is insufficient to achieve the desired effect. The dose is below the recommended range: 20 kg x 20 mg = 400 mg/kg/day; 20 kg x 25 mg = 500 mg/kg/day. Based on the toddler's weight, it would be safe for the client to receive 400 to 500 mg/day of amoxicillin. The toddler is receiving a total of 300 mg/day (100 mg x 3 doses daily). The nurse should notify the provider as the prescribed dose is below the recommended dosage range.
A nurse is assessing a client after administering a dose of losartan. The client has a hoarse voice, and swollen lips and tongue. In which order should the nurse take the following actions? Move the nursing actions into the box on the right, placing them in the selected order of performance. All steps must be used.)
The nurse should first assess the client's airway and oxygen saturation to determine the need for respiratory support. Intubation or tracheotomy is considered if adequate oxygenation is not maintained. The second step the nurse should take is to call the rapid response team to provide emergency treatment in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest. Next, the nurse should apply high-flow oxygen to increase oxygenation and then initiate an IV site, if one is not present, and administer isotonic IV fluids to prevent hypotension and provide access for IV medications. The nurse should then administer IV epinephrine to constrict blood vessels, dilate bronchioles, and increase cardiac function. And finally, the nurse should administer IV antihistamines and corticosteroids to block the effects of histamine and decrease edema.
A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
The nurse should not expel the air bubble in the prefilled syringe. The nurse should not expel the air bubble that is in the pre-filled syringe prior to administering the medication.
A nurse is preparing to transfuse one unit of packed RBC to a client who experienced a mild allergic reaction during a previous transfusion. The nurse should administer diphenhydramine prior to the transfusion for which of the following allergic responses?
Urticaria For clients who have previously had allergic reactions to blood transfusions, administering an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine prior to the transfusion might prevent future reactions. Allergic reactions typically include urticaria (hives).
A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Vancomycin The nurse should identify that vancomycin, an antibiotic, to be associated with nephrotoxic adverse effects.
A nurse is monitoring a client who took an overdose of acetaminophen 72 hr ago. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a manifestation of acetaminophen poisoning?
Vomiting WERThe nurse should expect a client who has acetaminophen poisoning to have early manifestations of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distress, diarrhea, and sweating.
A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and a new prescription for lactulose. Which of the following manifestations indicates an adverse effect of the medication?
Vomiting The nurse will monitor for vomiting as an adverse effect of lactulose.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a skin infection and a new prescription for gentamicin topical cream. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
Wash the affected area with soap and water before applying cream. The client should wash the affected area with soap and water and dry it thoroughly before applying the cream.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for digoxin 0.25 mg PO daily. The amount available is digoxin 0.125 mg tab. The client's current vital signs are: blood pressure 144/96, heart rate 54/min, respirations 18/min, and temperature 98.6° F. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Withhold the digoxin dose for decreased pulse rate. MY ANSWER The nurse should withhold the prescribed dose of digoxin as the heart rate is less than 60/min, and notify the provider.
A nurse is preparing to infuse 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride IV over 8 hr with a tubing set that delivers 15 gtts/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many drops/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X = 31.25 gtt/min
A provider prescribes dextrose 5% in water IV to infuse at 100 mL/hr. The drop factor on the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the IV flow rate to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)
X gtt/min = 100 gtt/min
A nurse is preparing to administer Ringer's lactate by continuous IV infusion at 120 mL/hr. The drop factor of the manual IV tubing is 60 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X gtt/min = 120 gtt/mi
"I will avoid drinking grapefruit juice." Grapefruits and grapefruit juice can reduce metabolism of atorvastatin, which increases the risk for toxicity.
X gtt/min = 75 gtt/min
A nurse is preparing to administer 0. 9% sodium chloride IV infusion 1-L bag at a rate of 200 mL/hr for a client who has rhabdomyolysis. The nurse should expect the IV pump to infuse over how many hours? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X hr = 5 hr
A nurse is preparing to administer dexamethasone 8 mg IM divided into 4 equal doses QID. The amount available is dexamethasone 4 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL = 0.5 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride 20 mEq suspension PO daily. The amount available is potassium chloride suspension 10 mEq/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth/whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL = 2 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg PO every 4 hr. Available is erythromycin ethylsuccinate 200 mg/5mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL = 20 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer furosemide 40 mg via IV bolus to a client. The amount available is furosemide 10 mg/1 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL = 4 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 30 mg/kg/day divided equally every 12 hr to a toddler who weighs 33 lb. Available is amoxicillin 200 mg/5 mL suspension. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL = 5.625 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 350 mg PO. Available is amoxicillin 250 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
X mL = 7 mL
A nurse is preparing to administer 40 mEq of potassium chloride in 45% sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mL IV to infuse 10 mEq/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mL/hr = 125 mL/hr
A nurse is caring for a client who has a pulmonary embolism and has a new prescription for enoxaparin 1.5mg/kg/dose subcutaneous every 12 hr. The client weighs 245 lbs. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mg = 167.0454 mg
FLAG A nurse is preparing to administer midazolam 0.2 mg/kg via IV bolus now. The client weighs 220 lb. How many mg should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X mg = 20 mg
A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and a prescription for digoxin 125 mcg PO daily. Available is digoxin PO 0.25 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X tablet = 0.5 tablet
A nurse is preparing to administer buspirone 7.5 mg PO every 12 hr to a client. The amount available is buspirone 15 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X tablet(s) = 0.5 tablet
A nurse is preparing to administer lamivudine 150 mg PO BID. Available is lamivudine 100 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
X tablet(s) = 1.5 tablets