Pharm HESI Quizzes compass Hesi 2023

A nurse teaches the parents of a 4-year-old child who is to receive digoxin elixir twice a day at home about the basic principles regarding its administration. What statement indicates to the nurse that they need further teaching? "We'll brush his teeth after each dose." "We won't mix the digoxin with fluids and foods." "We shouldn't give an additional dose if he vomits." "We should give the digoxin twice a day, at breakfast and dinner."

"We should give the digoxin twice a day, at breakfast and dinner."

A nurse administers albuterol to a child with asthma. For what common side effect will the nurse monitor the child? Flushing Dyspnea Tachycardia Hypotension

Albuterol produces sympathetic nervous system side effects such as tachycardia and hypertension. Pallor, not flushing, is a common side effect. Dyspnea is not a common side effect; this medication is given to decrease respiratory difficulty. Hypertension, not hypotension, is a common side effect.

A client is prescribed albuterol to relieve severe asthma. What adverse effect will the nurse instruct the client to anticipate? Select all that apply. Tremors Lethargy Palpitations Visual disturbances Decreased pulse rate

Albuterol's sympathomimetic effect causes central nervous stimulation, precipitating tremors, restlessness, and anxiety. Albuterol's sympathomimetic effect causes cardiac stimulation that may result in tachycardia and palpitations. Albuterol may cause restlessness, irritability, and tremors, not lethargy. Albuterol may cause dizziness, not visual disturbances. Albuterol will cause tachycardia, not bradycardia.

A client is receiving metoprolol. Which side effect should the nurse teach the client to expect? Dizziness with strenuous activity Acceleration of the heart rate after eating a heavy meal Flushing sensations for a few minutes after taking the drug Pounding of the heart for a few minutes after taking the drug

Dizziness with strenuous activity

A client with hypertension has received a prescription for metoprolol. Which information should the nurse include when teaching this client about metoprolol? Do not abruptly discontinue the medication. Consume alcoholic beverages in moderation. Report a heart rate of less than 70 beats per minute. Increase the medication dosage if chest pain occurs.

Do not abruptly discontinue the medication.

A client is prescribed epoetin injections. To ensure the client's safety, which lab value should the nurse assess before administration? Hemoglobin Platelet count Prothrombin time Partial thromboplastin time

Epoetin is used to treat anemia by increasing production of red blood cells. The lab value the nurse should assess before administration is the hemoglobin because it measures the number of red blood cells. Erythropoietin is specific for increasing red blood cells and does not have an effect on other blood components such as white blood cells or thrombocytes (platelets). The partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are measures of the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy.

A nurse is evaluating the results of treatment with erythropoietin. Which assessment finding indicates an improvement in the underlying condition being treated? 2+ pedal pulses Decreased pallor Decreased jaundice 2+ deep tendon reflexes

Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production, thereby decreasing the pallor that accompanies anemia. It would not have a role in alleviating jaundice. It would not have an appreciable effect on pulses or deep tendon reflexes.

Three weeks after a client gives birth, a deep vein thrombophlebitis develops in her left leg, and she is admitted to the hospital for bed rest and anticoagulant therapy. Which anticoagulant does the nurse expect to administer? Clopidogrel Warfarin Heparin Enoxaparin

Heparin

Warfarin is prescribed for a client who has been receiving intravenous (IV) heparin for a partial occlusion of the left common carotid artery. The client expresses concern about why both drugs are needed at the same time. What rationale does the nurse include to address the client's concern? This permits the administration of smaller doses of each medication. Giving both drugs allows clot dissolution while preventing new clot formation. Heparin provides anticoagulant effects until warfarin reaches therapeutic levels. Administration of heparin with warfarin provides immediate and maximum protection against clot formation.

Heparin provides anticoagulant effects until warfarin reaches therapeutic levels.

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is prescribed for a child with a urinary tract infection. Which statement by the parent about the drug indicates that the nurse's instructions about administration have been understood? "Mealtime is a good time to give the medication." "I'll make sure to give each pill with 6 to 8 oz (180 to 240 mL) of fluid." "It must be taken with orange juice to ensure acidity of urine." "The drug has to be taken every 4 hours to maintain a blood level."

I'll make sure to give each pill with 6-8 oz of fluid

Which insulin should the nurse prepare for the emergency treatment of ketoacidosis? Glargine NPH insulin Insulin aspart Insulin detemir

Insulin aspart is a rapid-acting insulin (within 10 to 20 minutes) and is used to meet a client's immediate insulin needs.

During a teaching session about insulin injections, a client asks the nurse, "Why can't I take the insulin in pills instead of taking shots?" What is the nurse's best response? "Insulin cannot be manufactured in pill form." "Insulin is destroyed by gastric juices, rendering it ineffective." "Your health care provider decides the route of administration." "Your health care provider will prescribe pills when you are ready."

Insulin in tablet form is inactivated by gastric juices; insulin given by injection avoids exposure to digestive enzymes. Insulin is not given orally at this time because it is inactivated by digestive enzymes.

A client is taking furosemide and digoxin for heart failure. Why does the nurse advise the client to drink a glass of orange juice every day? Maintaining potassium levels Preventing increased sodium levels Limiting the drugs' synergistic effects Correcting the associated dehydration

Maintaining potassium levels

A 13-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is receiving 15 units of regular insulin and 20 units of NPH insulin at 7:00 AM each day. At what time does the nurse anticipate a hypoglycemic reaction from the NPH insulin to occur? Before noon In the afternoon Within 30 minutes During the evening

NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that peaks approximately 6 to 8 hours after administration. It was administered at 7:00 AM, so between 1:00 and 3:00 PM is when the nurse should anticipate that a hypoglycemic reaction will occur.

A client develops thrombophlebitis in the right calf. Bed rest is prescribed, and an IV of heparin is initiated. What drug action will the nurse include when describing the purpose of this drug to the client? Prevents extension of the clot Reduces the size of the thrombus Dissolves the blood clot in the vein Facilitates absorption of red blood cells

Prevents extension of the clot

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus who is scheduled to receive an intravenous (IV) administration of 25 units of insulin in 250 mL normal saline. What does the nurse recognize as the only type of insulin that is compatible with intravenous solutions? NPH insulin Insulin lispro Regular insulin Insulin glargine

Regular insulin acts rapidly, is approved for IV administration, and is compatible with intravenous solutions.

Considering the anticholinergic-like side effects of many of the psychotropic drugs, the nurse will encourage clients taking these drugs to take which action? Restrict their fluid intake. Eat a diet high in carbohydrates. Suck on sugar-free hard candies. Avoid products that contain aspirin.

Suck on sugar-free hard candies.

In addition to clients who are receiving insulin for type 1 diabetes, the nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in clients who have which diagnosis? Liver disease Anemia Hyperthyroidism Stage 3 hypertension

The client with liver disease is at risk for hypoglycemia. This client is limited in mobilizing carbohydrates because of a decreased ability to form glycogen (glycogenesis) and to form glucose from glycogen (glycogenolysis).

What should the nurse expect the healthcare provider to prescribe if a client exhibits clinical indicators of warfarin overdose? Heparin Vitamin K Iron dextran Protamine sulfate

Vitamin K

A client is on antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia. During a follow-up visit, the nurse suspects acute akathisia. Which symptoms in the client support the nurse's suspicion? Select all that apply. Rigidity Anxiety Agitation Stooped posture Restless movement

anxiety, agitation, restless movement

A 7-year-old child contracts a urinary tract infection. A sulfonamide preparation is prescribed. What is the priority nursing responsibility when the nurse is administering this drug? Weighing the child daily Giving the medication with milk Taking the child's temperature frequently Administering the drug at the prescribed times

administering the drug at the correct times

A client is prescribed sertraline, an antidepressant. What does the nurse include when preparing a teaching plan about the side effects of this drug? Seizures Agitation Tachycardia Agranulocytosis

agitation

A client reports nausea, vomiting, and seeing a yellow light around objects. A diagnosis of hypokalemia is made. Upon a review of the client's prescribed medication list, the nurse determines that what is the likely cause of the clinical findings? Digoxin (Lanoxin) Furosemide (Lasix) Propranolol (Inderal) Spironolactone (Aldactone)

digoxin

A client with arthritis is taking large doses of aspirin. What symptom does the nurse include when teaching the client about the clinical manifestations of aspirin toxicity? Feelings of drowsiness Disturbances in hearing Intermittent constipation Metallic taste in the mouth

disturbances in hearing

Which drug is used to treat both generalized anxiety disorder and depression? Fluoxetine Bupropion Duloxetine Mirtazapine

duloxetine

A client is started on tetracycline antibiotic therapy. What should the nurse do when administering this drug? Administer the medication with meals or a snack. Provide orange or other citrus fruit juice with the medication. Give the medication an hour before milk products are ingested. Offer antacids 30 minutes after administration if gastrointestinal side effects occur. Rationale

give the medication an hour before milk products are injested

A client with rheumatoid arthritis is to begin taking ibuprofen 800 mg by mouth three times a day. The nurse provides education about the medication's side effects. The nurse concludes that the teaching was effective when the client makes which statement? "I need to have my blood work checked periodically." "I need to balance exercise with rest." "I need to change positions slowly." "I need to take the medication between meals."

i need to have my blood work checked periodically

A client who has been taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis asks the nurse if acetaminophen can be substituted instead. What is the appropriate nursing response? "Acetaminophen is the preferred treatment for rheumatoid arthritis." "Acetaminophen irritates the stomach more than ibuprofen does." "Ibuprofen has antiinflammatory properties and acetaminophen does not." "Yes, both are antipyretics and have the same effect."

ibuprofen has antiinflammatory properties and acetaminophen does not

A pregnant client with an infection tells the nurse that she has taken tetracycline for infections on other occasions and prefers to take it now. What does the nurse advise regarding the reason tetracycline is avoided during pregnancy? it affects breastfeeding adversely. It alters the development of fetal teeth buds. Tetracycline causes fetal allergies. It increases fetal tolerance to the medication.

it alters the development of fetal teeth buds

A 6-year-old child who has undergone abdominal surgery complains of incisional pain. The nurse administers the prescribed acetaminophen. The mother asks the nurse why her child isn't being given ibuprofen. How will the nurse respond? "It could prolong bleeding time." "It's contraindicated for young children." "It can suppress the healing of the incision." "It becomes ineffective when given for long periods."

it could prolong bleeding time

An older client has been prescribed an atypical antipsychotic medication. Which nursing interventions demonstrate that the nurse has determined the client's risk for injury? Select all that apply. Monitoring the pulse for an irregular rhythm Sitting with the client during meals to encourage eating Offering a favorite beverage between meals to maintain hydration Assessing the temperature to determine the possibility of an infection Teaching the client about the importance of taking an anticholinergic medication

monitor pulse assess temp.

A client is receiving an antipsychotic medication. When assessing the client for signs and symptoms of pseudoparkinsonism, the nurse will be alert for which complication? Drooling Blurred vision Muscle tremors Photosensitivity

muscle tremors

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving aspirin therapy. Which clinical indicator would be related to this therapy? Urinary calculi Atrophy of the liver Prolonged bleeding time Premature erythrocyte destruction

prolonged bleeding time

A client is diagnosed with Parkinson disease and receives a prescription for levodopa therapy. What does the nurse identify as the drug's mechanism of action? Blocks the effects of acetylcholine Increases the production of dopamine Restores the dopamine levels in the brain Promotes the production of acetylcholine

restores the dopamine levels in the brain

While caring for a client on antidepressant therapy, the nurse observes hyperthermia and seizures. Upon a further assessment, the nurse finds that the client's heart rate is 200 beats per minute. Which medication might be responsible for the condition? Sertraline Asenapine Risperidone Fluphenazine

sertraline

A client with depression was prescribed fluoxetine. After two days, the client arrives at the hospital and reports restlessness, confusion, and poor concentration. Upon assessment, the nurse finds an elevated body temperature. Which intervention by the healthcare provider would be beneficial to the client? Withdrawing the drug Administering isocarboxazid Reducing the dose of the drug Informing the client that these are expected side effects

withdrawing the drug