Pharm test 1 Chp 29-31
A nursing instructor determines that a class on adrenergic blockers was successful when the students identify which medications as an alpha-adrenergic blocker?
phentolamine
A patient is receiving sotalol. Which instruction would be most important for the nurse to provide to the patient to ensure maximum effectiveness of the drug?
"Be sure to take the drug on an empty stomach."
A client is given a beta blocker for a heart arrhythmia. The client asks the nurse how a beta blocker can treat/prevent a heart arrhythmia. Which response by the nurse is correct?
"Beta blockers provide membrane-stabilizing effects that contribute to the anti-arrhythmic activity."
A male client diagnosed with bone cancer has an order for clonidine on his chart. The nurse is concerned that this may be a mistake and asks another nurse why clonidine would be ordered for this client. What would be an appropriate response from the second nurse?
"Clonidine is sometimes prescribed for severe pain in cancer clients like this client."
A male client has been prescribed an alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agent to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 2 weeks ago. Which assessment question should the nurse ask to evaluate for the expected result of this medication therapy?
"Has your urine stream improved since beginning the medication?"
The nurse would contact the health care provider before administering an adrenergic drug to a client who is also taking which drug?
MAO inhibitor
A home care nurse is visiting a patient to assess blood pressure and heart rate. The patient's grandson has a large amount of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) in the kitchen. For what might the nurse suspect the patient's grandson is using the pseudoephedrine?
Methamphetamine production
Norepinephrine is the main neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system. Which enzyme metabolizes norepinephrine?
Monoamine oxidase
Epinephrine is contraindicated in clients with which diseases or disorders?
Narrow-angle (or closed-angle) glaucoma
The instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of students that describes nonselective beta adrenergic blockers. What would the instructor address? (Select all that apply.)
Nebivolol Pindolol Timolol
To be an adrenergic nerve, a nerve must contain all of the enzyme and building blocks necessary to produce:
norepinephrine
Which nursing intervention should be implemented to determine the risk for orthostatic hypotension for a client prescribed an nonselective adrenergic blocking medication?
obtain and document the client's blood pressure in both a sitting and lying position
Epinephrine can be administered by multiple routes. Which is not an appropriate route?
oral
A patient has received the evening meal and is recovering from surgery. What nervous system is stimulated?
parasympathetc nervous system
Which of the following adrenergic receptors is responsible for increased heart rate and increased force of myocardial contraction?
β1 receptors
Which adrenergic receptor is responsible for vasodilation of peripheral vessels and bronchodilation?
β2 receptors
What information should the nurse provide a client who is about to begin long term therapy with a atenolol?
Discontinuing the medication too quickly can result in sensitization of the heart muscle.
The client has been ordered a nonselective beta-blocking agent called propranolol, PO. Propranolol is used in the treatment of which disorders?
Hypertension Angina Arrhythmias
A male client is prescribed an adrenergic ophthalmic medication. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Hypertension may be a side effect of the medication.
A patient experiences diarrhea after receiving a nonselective adrenergic blocking agent. The nurse understands that this effect is most likely due to:
increase parasympathetic dominance
When working with a client who is experiencing a stress response, the nurse should anticipate what effects? Select all that apply.
Tachycardia Pupil dilation Diaphoresis
A priority nursing assessment for a client who is to receive an alpha- or beta-adrenergic agonist would be to which action?
assess heart rate
The nurse is assessing the client for adverse CNS effects after administering a nonselective adrenergic blocker based on the understanding that these effects occur due to:
blockage of norepinephrine's effect
Epinephrine causes relaxation of:
bronchioles
The teaching priority for a diabetic male client being treated with a non-specific beta-blocker would be to:
understand signs and symptoms of hypo- or hyperglycemic reaction.
A 70-year-old man with diabetes mellitus is taking metoprolol (Lopressor) to manage his hypertension. The nurse would be sure to instruct the patient to:
understand the S/S of hypoglycemia
Which would be assessed with parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
increased gastric motility
An adrenergic drug would be prescribed to produce what physiological effect?
increased heart rate
The nurse is assessing a client who received epinephrine, an adrenergic drug, for the treatment of cardiac arrest. The nurse would expect to observe what effect of the drug?
increased heart rate
The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been experiencing shortness of breath and who has been administered a medication to cause bronchodilation. What aspect of autonomic nervous function has the nurse most likely influenced?
stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
Nicotinic receptors are found in which area?
autonomic basal ganglia
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a car accident. Based on the experience of the emergency room nurse, what system will affect a response to the emergency?
autonomic nervous system
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are continuously at work in our bodies. This continual action provides internal homeostasis to all parts of the body. What is internal homeostasis referred to as?
balance
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the heart and can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increase heart rate?
beta 1
The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that beta-2 stimulation leads to:
Vasodilation of blood vessels
A client is in shock and is receiving dopamine. The nurse knows that the proper way dopamine should be given is by what method?
Via an electric infusion pump, by itself, and titrated to desired systolic blood pressure
A client has been admitted to the cardiac unit for heart failure and has been ordered carvedilol (Coreg). The client's blood pressure is 80/50. What should the nurse do?
Call the provider and advise them of the client's blood pressure prior to administering the medication.
A patient has been administered dobutamine HCL. Which adverse reactions should the nurse monitor for in the patient?
Cardiac arrhythmias
A 21-year-old man experienced massive trauma and blood loss during a motorcycle accident and has been started on a dopamine infusion upon his arrival at the hospital. In light of this drug treatment, what assessment should the care team prioritize?
Cardiac monitoring
In which areas are nicotinic receptors located? (Select all that apply.)
Central nervous system (CNS) Adrenal medulla Neuromuscular junction Autonomic ganglia
The nursing students are giving an oral presentation on the parasympathetic nervous system. How would they describe muscarinic receptors?
Classification based on research with a mushroom plant alkaloid
A nurse suspects that a client is experiencing shock based on which assessments? Select all that apply.
Cyanosis Disorientation Tachypnea
The male client is prescribed prazosin (Minipress) for hypertension. He asks the nurse how the medication works. What is the nurse's best response?
"It works by making your blood vessels dilate."
A nurse is providing teaching to a client prescribed midodrine. Which nursing instruction is very important that the client understands?
"Only take midodrine when standing. Taking it while lying down can cause very high blood pressure."
A patient receives phenylephrine intravenously. The nurse would expect the drug to last for how long?
15 to 20 minutes
The stimulation of beta1 adrenergic receptors in the heart by epinephrine would cause what result?
increased heart rate
After reviewing information about nonselective adrenergic blockers, a group of students demonstrate a need for additional teaching when they identify what as an effect of these agents?
increased pulse rate
A client is administered epinephrine in conjunction with a local anesthetic. What effect will epinephrine produce?
increased vasoconstrictive effects
A patient is receiving salmeterol. The nurse would expect this drug to be given by which route?
inhalation
A client is experiencing urinary retention. The client has been prescribed terazosin (Hytrin). What condition contributes to the urinary retention?
BPH
The health care provider has prescribed an alpha/beta blocker for a client suffering from hypertension. The nurse understands that this drug is contraindicated in a client with which condition or disease? Select all that apply.
Bronchial asthma Severe bradycardia Decompensated heart failure
Which is a sympathetic nervous system response? (Select all that apply.)
Bronchial dilation Increased sweating Pupil dilation
A nurse is caring for a 25-year-old client who has been prescribed an adrenergic drug for shock. Which action should the nurse implement?
Continually assess the client for physiological changes and notify the primary care provider with changes.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is on a drug regimen of midodrine to treat hypotension. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis to include in the care plan of this patient?
Disturbed sensory perception (visual, kinesthetic, tactile) related to CNS effects
Which assessment finding would indicate to the nurse that the administered isoproterenol is effective?
Improved cardiac contractility
What is the resulting physiologic effect when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?
Increased GI motility
Which outcomes should the nurse consider to be side effects of a selective cholinergic agonist based upon the characteristics of the prescribed medication? Select all that apply.
Increased drooling of oral secretions Abdominal cramping Blood pressure 88/50 mm Hg
While learning about adrenergic prototype drugs, which prototype drug would the students learn has a duration of action of only 1-2 minutes?
Isoproterenol
A client prescribed propranolol reports a history of asthma. What nursing intervention should the nurse implement immediately to best assure the client's safety?
Notify the health care provider of the contraindication between asthma and the effects of propranolol
A client who is in shock has been prescribed a dopamine intravenous infusion. What component of the client's existing medication regimen most increases the client's risk for adverse effects?
Phenelzine
A client has been prescribed the nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker, timolol for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. What instructions should the nurse provide to assure the effectiveness of the medication?
The proper method for instilling eye drops
The nervous system is closely linked with both the immune system and the endocrine system. What neurotransmitter is used by the preganglionic cells?
acetylcholine
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been administered a centrally acting anti-adrenergic drug. The nurse knows that under which condition is the use of a centrally acting anti-adrenergic drug contraindicated?
active hepatic disease
The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be broadly described as:
activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes:
an increased rate and force of myocardial contraction.
In providing care to a client with wheezing, the nurse knows that a medication targets which receptors?
beta 2
A nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is to be administered isoproterenol. Which change monitored in the patient should the nurse report immediately to the primary health care provider?
changes in pulse rate
A patient is receiving a beta-1 selective blocker after a myocardial infarction to prevent reinfarction. The nurse understands that the rationale for using the drug would be to:
decrease cardiac workload
Adrenergic drugs mimic the effects of stimulating what part of the nervous system?
sympathetic
The skeletal muscles during the use of the incentive spirometer are stimulated by which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Phentolamine is the agent used to treat extravasation of dobutamine.
true
A 75-year-old male client was admitted to the unit with angina. The client was started on nadolol . The client asks why this medication was prescribed since the client does not have high blood pressure. What is the nurse's best response?
"Some beta blockers are approved as anti-anginal agents."
A patient is to receive metoprolol. What would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this patient?
"Take this drug with food to help promote its absorption."
The nurse is teaching a client about safe use of adrenergic drugs. Which statement should be included in the teaching?
"Talk to your health care provider before taking any other medications."
A female client has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. She asks the nurse why she is taking a medication that decreases her blood pressure like her grandmother takes. What is the nurse's best response when teaching her about the action and use of propranolol (Inderal) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism?
"The administration of propranolol will decrease your heart rate."
After administering the oral form of labetalol to a patient, the nurse would monitor the patient for a peak drug effect at which time?
1-2 hours
Which client is most likely to benefit from the administration of an adrenergic agonist?
A man who is in cardiogenic shock following a myocardial infarction
A client receives a beta-specific agonist. What would lead the nurse to determine that the drug is effective?
Bronchodilation
Which neurotransmitter is involved in pre- and postganglionic activity in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
A nurse is reviewing a client's history and medications prior to discharge. The client has been prescribed a new antiadrenergic medication. Which condition or medication would require the nurse to talk with the provider prior to discharge? Select all that apply.
Active hepatitis B Treatment for depression with an MAOI Pregnancy Renal impairment
A client is receiving dopamine intravenously in the right arm. The IV becomes dislodged from the vein, and dopamine has been being given in the surrounding tissue instead of the vein. What should the nurse do immediately after stopping the IV?
Administer phentolamine to the site.
First-dose effect occurs when the client experiences marked hypotension and syncope with sudden loss of consciousness with the first few doses of the sympatholytic. Which intervention might be helpful for the nurse to do to decrease the risk for first-dose effect?
Administer the dose at bedtime
Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?
Adrenal medulla
The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing pain. The client describes the pain as "9" on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain. What nursing interventions would be necessary for the nurse to implement? Select all that apply.
Assess blood pressure. Count respirations. Evaluate pupils.
When there is stimulation of the SNS, blood is diverted away from the GI tract. What indicates this diversion?
Decreased bowel sounds
The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
The nurse is caring for a client who for several days has been receiving norepinephrine intravenous for shock. The nurse recognizes the presence of which beta-adrenergic response(s) when the client suddenly fails to respond to the prescribed dose of medication? Select all that apply.
Desensitization Down-regulation
A preoperative client admits to feeling intensely anxious about surgery and the nurse recognizes that the client's sympathetic nervous system is stimulated. What assessment findings should the nurse attribute to this stimulation? Select all that apply.
Dilated pupils Increased blood pressure Increased respiratory rate Increased sweating
A client is experiencing a stress response. Which would the nurse expect to assess?
Diminished bowel sounds
After reviewing the topic of catecholamines, a group of students demonstrates the need for additional study when they identify which as a synthetic catecholamine?
Dopamine
Which statements are correct regarding the autonomic nervous system (ANS) receptors? Select all that apply.
Drug effects depend on the branch of the ANS involved. Medications can either stimulate or inhibit the ANS.
What would the nurse expect to assess in a client receiving an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist?
Dyspnea
An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of students about adrenergic agonists. Which would the nurse include as an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist?
EPINEPHRINE
A nurse would instruct a patient to apply a clonidine patch at which frequency?
Every 7 days
The adrenergic branch of the nervous system controls many functions in the body. The nurse knows that which body functions are controlled by the adrenergic branch? (Select all that apply.)
Heart rate Respiratory rate Muscle blood flow
A patient is diagnosed with a pheochromocytoma. Which medications provide adjunctive therapy in the treatment of hypertension and tachycardia?
Nonselective alpha-blocking agents
Adrenergic nerves use tyrosine from the diet to make which neurotransmitters?
Norepinephrine
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing the role of neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system. Which would the instructor identify as the main adrenergic neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
A client has received a dose of dopamine intravenously. The client's IV was infiltrated, and the dopamine was injected into the subcutaneous tissues. Which medication will prevent the vasoconstriction and tissue necrosis based on this action?
Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)
A nurse would administer phentolamine to a client for which conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Pheochromocytoma-induced hypertension Preoperative hypertension Treatment of dopamine extravasation tissue damage
A client has been prescribed a medication that antagonizes the beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to the effects of this medication?
The client's blood pressure is decreased
A client is experiencing anxiety and fear related to the possibility of a poor prognosis. What assessment finding most clearly suggests to the nurse that the client's sympathetic nervous system is being stimulated more than usual?
The client's bowel sounds are hypoactive and last bowel movement was two days ago
The nurse is assessing a client. What assessment finding is the clearest indicator of autonomic function?
The client's respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute
What is the defining criterion of an adrenergic nerve?
The nerve can produce epinephrine
After teaching a group of students about the differences between the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system, the instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state:
The sympathetic nervous system preganglionic fibers are short, while those in the parasympathetic nervous system are long.
A patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has been prescribed tamsulosin. How do alpha1-adrenergic blocking agents, such as tamsulosin, assist in treating the symptoms of BPH?
They inhibit contraction of the urinary bladder.
What does the body create using choline?
acetylcholine
Nerve fibers secreting norepinephrine are called:
adrenergic
A client is experiencing sympathetic stimulation in response to a stressful event. Which substance will most affect the client's sodium and water retention?
aldosterone
What is the first drug of choice for treatment of a client with a history of a myocardial infarction (MI) 2 years ago?
beta-blockers
A client has been prescribed a beta blocker. The nurse knows that beta blockers can have which effect on the heart?
decrease the heart rate
The nurse is caring for a client who is known to have deficient levels of dopamine because of a dietary lack of tyrosine. The nurse should expect to assess for evidence of:
decreased adrenergic response
A client has begun to experience post-operative pain and the client's heart rate has increased from 72 beats per minute to 96 beats per minute. The nurse should attribute this change to the effect of:
stimulation of beta1 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
The nurse is providing medication education to a client prescribed an adrenergic blocker. Which nervous system is the specific focus of this classification of medications?
sympathetic
A graduate of a nursing program is scheduled to take the NCLEX today. The test-taker's heart is racing and pupils are dilated. What can the test-taker attribute to this reaction?
sympathetic nervous system
Which agent would the nurse identify as being available in a transdermal form?
clonidine
Which patient statement indicates the need for additional teaching about propranolol?
"I can stop the drug once my blood pressure is controlled."
A patient is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. The physician orders metoprolol to be given as an intravenous bolus injection. The patient responds, and the physician then orders metoprolol oral therapy. The nurse would expect to administer the first oral dose at which time after the last intravenous bolus dose?
15 minutes
Which patient should be advised by the nurse to avoid over-the-counter cold and allergy preparations that contain phenylephrine?
A 47-year-old female with hypertension
A 71-year-old Black woman with a history of diabetes presents for a follow-up appointment after visiting the emergency department for increased angina. Atenolol has been prescribed to better control the chest pain. What teaching is important about this pharmacologic intervention?
Atenolol results in less effective glucose metabolism.
The nurse is caring for a client who suddenly stopped taking a chronically prescribed beta-adrenergic blocking drug prescribed for hypertension. The client's blood pressure (BP) ranged from 110/70 to 130/70 mm Hg and heart rate (HR) ranged 60 to 90 beats per minute while taking the drug. The nurse would predict which assessment findings to support the expected beta-adrenergic responsiveness?
BP: 200/100 mm Hg; HR 110
Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors?
Bronchodilation
A school-age client and the parent are arguing in the client's hospital room. Which is the best rationale for the nurse to wait to assess the client's vital signs?
Physical and emotional stress can increase vital signs.
The nurse is reviewing the history of a client receiving isoproterenol. Which would the nurse identify as being a contraindication?
Pulmonary hypertension
A client has been diagnosed with asthma and prescribed albuterol 2 inhalations q6h. When providing client education, what should the nurse teach the client?
Restlessness and anxiety are possible after administration
The main nerve centers for the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are located in which locations? (Select all that apply.)
Spinal cord Medulla Hypothalamus
The nurse knows that what is an added benefit of epinephrine in cardiac arrest situations due to asystole or pulseless electrical activity?
Stimulates electrical and mechanical activity
The nurse assessed a client at 0800 and obtained a blood pressure of 111/70 mmHg. Two hours later, the client's blood pressure is 130/81 mmHg. The nurse should attribute this change to what action within the autonomic nervous system?
Stimulation of beta-receptors
A patient has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy and has been prescribed prazosin (Minipress) to assist in the treatment of the symptoms. How does this alpha1-blocking agent decrease urinary retention?
The medication inhibits urinary bladder contraction.
A provider orders timolol (Timoptic) for glaucoma. The order reads Timoptic 1 gtt PO bid. The nurse knows that something is wrong with this order. What is it?
Timoptic is given in the eye, not PO.
A client has been prescribed labetalol. What assessment evaluates the effectiveness of the medication?
a decrease from baseline blood pressure
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the blood vessels, iris, and urinary bladder?
alpha1
A client in distress has been given dobutamine, a medication intended to increase myocardial activity and heart rate. This medication likely stimulates what adrenergic receptor?
beta-1
A client is receiving a drug that helps to relax the bladder detrusor muscle. The nurse would understand that this drug is affecting which type of receptor?
beta-2
A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is likely acting on which receptors?
beta-2
A client calls the cardiology office and reports fatigue and drowsiness since starting a new medication. The nurse knows that which medications has these as common side effects?
carvedilol
A client has been prescribed an adrenergic blocking drug for glaucoma. Which nursing interventions should the nurse include when teaching the client?
demonstrate the technique of eye drop instillation
Which would the nurse identify as a naturally occurring catecholamine?
dopamine
The autonomic nervous system works with which body system to maintain homeostasis?
endocrine
The nurse is reviewing the history of a patient who is to receive midodrine. Which would alert the nurse to a contraindication for the drug?
glaucoma
What would be a contraindication to the use of a non-selective adrenergic blocker?
heart block
The client has been ordered a beta-adrenergic blocking medication. The nurse knows that these medications are used to treat which diagnoses? Select all that apply.
heart failute cardiac arrhythmia glaucoma
Alpha-1 receptors have which actions?
increase blood pressure
A nurse is caring for a patient with arrhythmia. What nursing interventions should the nurse perform when a patient with life-threatening arrhythmia receives an adrenergic-blocking drug through IV?
monitor BP and RR
Cholinergic receptors are classified as nicotinic or muscarinic. What is a result of the stimulation of the nicotinic receptors?
muscle contraction
The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?
norepinephrine
The student nurses are learning about drugs that act on the ANS. The students should learn that adrenergic blocking agents prevent which neurotransmitters from being released and causing SNS effects to be blocked?
norepinephrine
A patient is experiencing a heart rate of 42 beats per minute. Which system contributes to bradycardia?
parasympathetic nervous system
The intravenous line of a client receiving dobutamine infiltrates and the drug extravasates. The nurse would infiltrate the site with:
phentolamine.
After teaching a group of students about adrenergic blockers that may be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy, the instructor determines that the teaching has been successful when the students identify:
tamsulosin
The nurse is conducting an assessment of a newly admitted client. What assessment finding should suggest to the nurse that the client's muscarinic cholinergic receptors are being stimulated?
the client has "pinpoint" pupils
The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed enalapril maleate for heart failure. The nurse would withhold the next scheduled dose upon assessing what change in the client's status?
the client is volume depleted following a bout of diarrhea
A client is asking how alpha adrenergic blocking medications work. Which is the nurse's best response?
they relax the smooth muscle of blood vessels by vasodilation
A patient is receiving tamsulosin. The nurse understands that this drug is most likely being given for which reason?
to relax prostatic smooth muscles
Which of the following adrenergic receptors is responsible for the vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels?
α1 receptors
Which observation might indicate that timolol is achieving the desired effect in a client?
intraocular pressure decreases
A client is receiving phenylephrine via intramuscular injection. The nurse would expect the drug to begin acting in approximately which amount of time?
10 to 15 minutes
A client is being treated for asthma. What would the nurse expect to administer?
Beta-2-specific adrenergic agonist
What would a nurse expect to administer if a client who is receiving isoproterenol develops a severe reaction?
Beta-adrenergic blockers
The nurse knows that which class of drugs prevents epinephrine and norepinephrine from occupying receptor sites on the cell membranes?
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs
Drugs that produce activity similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine are known as which of the following?
Sympathomimetics
While educating a client on the use of midodrine the nurse should tell the client to report which changes? (Select all that apply.)
Vision changes Bradycardia Difficulty urinating
Prior to beginning therapy with an adrenergic agent, the nurse would expect to obtain what assessments? (Select all that apply.)
Vital signs Urinalysis Blood glucose
A client has recently been prescribed a drug that treats hypertension by blocking the sympathetic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system. This action is characteristic of which?
an adrenergic antagonist.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is having a sympathetic response. A sympathetic response involves:
an increase in blood pressure, bronchi dilation, and decreased bowel sounds
A patient has a history of smoking. Which agent would the nurse most likely expect to be ordered?
atenolol
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing bronchoconstriction. When choosing interventions to address this problem, the nurse should aim to influence the client's autonomic nervous system by stimulating:
beta-adrenergic receptors.
A client has come to get lab results at the cardiology clinic. The nurse notes that the digoxin level is elevated. The nurse knows that what other medication may be responsible for the increase in digoxin level?
carvedilol
Beta-blockers have a variety of therapeutic uses. Which agent is a beta-blocker used for the treatment of heart failure?
carvedilol
Neurons communicate through the use of synapses. These synapses may link neurons into functional circuits. How do the neurons communicate through the synapses?
chemically
The home health nurse is caring for a 77-year-old male patient who has just been discharged from the hospital. The patient is taking dobutamine for congestive heart failure. What would be most important to monitor in this patient?
compliance with drug regimen
Which herbs has been removed from most weight-loss medications due to potential legal liability?
ephedra
A client is experiencing anaphylaxis. What drug will the nurse most likely administer?
epinephrine
Which would the nurse expect to be prescribed to a client experiencing acute bronchospasm?
epinephrine
The nurse is admitting a client with injuries following a bicycle crash. When reviewing the client's pre-admission medication regimen, the nurse reads that the client takes formoterol twice daily. When planning this client's care, the nurse should include:
frequent respiratory assessments.
Axons from the CNS neurons end in which structure?
ganglia
A patient with diabetes who uses insulin is also receiving labetalol. The nurse would monitor the patient closely for:
hypoglycemia
A client presents to the emergency department reporting rapid heart rate, severe headache, and pounding in the chest. While obtaining the clients history, the nurse learns the client stopped taking medications because the prescriptions ran out and had no funds to refill them. The nurse knows that which medications being abruptly stopped could be causing these symptoms?
labetolol
A client who adheres strictly to a vegan diet has reported varied signs and symptoms in recent months and has eventually been diagnosed with a tyrosine deficiency. When assessing this client, the nurse should expect to identify evidence of:
low norepinephrine levels.
A client has been prescribed labetalol IV for a pheochromocytoma. What is the expected effect of the medication?
management of the resulting hypertension
A client is taking an OTC allergy product. The nurse would expect to find that this product most likely contains:
phenylephrine
When applied topically to the eye, which drug produces dilation of the pupil without changing accommodation?
phenylephrine
Which agent would the nurse expect to find when reviewing over-the-counter allergy products?
phenylephrine
The nurse frequently sees mature male clients with BPH seeking treatment for symptoms. After ensuring they do not test positive for prostate cancer, pharmacological intervention is one of a few treatment modalities available. Pharmacokinetics indicate alpha1-blocking agents as a treatment choice due to their:
prevention of smooth muscle contraction in nonvascular tissues.
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a patient who is to receive a nonselective beta blocker. The nurse would make sure to address safety measures as a priority for the patient receiving:
propanolol
Beta-1 selective blockers have what as an effect?
reduction in arrhythmia
Most of the free norepinephrine molecules are taken up by the nerve terminal that releases them in which process?
reuptake
Which would a nurse identify as a contraindication for the use of a beta-1 selective blocker?
sinus bradycardia
The adrenergic branch of the autonomic nervous system is also known by which name?
sympathetic nervous system
Which receptor does phenylephrine stimulate?
alpha1
A client has had a stroke and computed tomography reveals infarcts in multiple brain regions. An infarct in which region is most likely to affect the function of the client's autonomic nervous system?
hypothalamus
Which structure is responsible for the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone?
hypothalamus
The up-regulation of receptors is responsible for what client reaction?
anaphylactic shock triggered by a bee sting
Propranolol (Inderal) is used extensively as treatment for what condition?
angina
A nurse in the intensive care unit is caring for a client in shock and has started IV administration of dopamine (Intropin). For a client in shock, dopamine helps to:
increase blood pressure
A nurse is caring for a client in the critical care unit. Phentolamine (Regitine, OraVerse) has been ordered for the management of tissue necrosis caused by extravasation of parenterally administered drugs. Before administering this drug, the nurse will check the client's chart for indications of:
history of acute MI
A famous magician is known for his outlandish feats, such as being underwater for 10 minutes while removing handcuffs. Some have postulated that he has control over his autonomic nervous system in ways that most people do not. What would be an example of an autonomic response he may have control over?
the rate of his heart beat
Patients who are receiving alpha-specific adrenergic agents should not stop taking the drug abruptly.
true
Norepinephrine is made by nerve cells using which substance?
tyrosine
Which would occur if a drug stimulated beta-2 receptors?
vasodilation
