pharm test 2
prevent bile salts from being reabsorbed.
The bile acid sequestrants -are absorbed into the liver. -take several weeks to show an effect. -have no associated adverse effects. -prevent bile salts from being reabsorbed.
Spironolactone
When developing the plan of care for a patient with hyperaldosteronism the nurse would expect the physician to prescribe which agent? -Spironolactone -Furosemide -Hydrochlorothiazide -Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Which medication is categorized as a loop diuretic? -Furosemide -Chlorothiazide -Chlorthalidone -Spironolactone
Midodrine and droxidopa (alpha-adrenergic agonists)
are oral drugs used to treat people with orthostatic hypotension whose lives are considerably impaired by the fall in BP when they stand
Nitroglycerin
is the drug of choice for treating an acute anginal attack.
Potassium levels
When providing care to a patient who is receiving a loop diuretic the nurse would determine the need to regularly monitor which of the following? -Sodium levels -Bone marrow function -Calcium levels -Potassium levels
Barbiturate anesthetics
A nurse would question an order for which of the following if the patient was also receiving verapamil (Calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive drug)? -Oral contraceptives -Cyclosporine -Digoxin -Barbiturate anesthetics
2.0 mg/mL
A patient has missed 2 doses of digitalis (Digoxin). What laboratory results would indicate to the nurse that the patient is within therapeutic range? 2.0 mg/mL 4.0 mg/mL 3.2 mg/mL 0.25 mg/mL
cause new arrhythmias.
Antiarrhythmic drugs alter the action potential of the cardiac cells. Because they alter the action potential, antiarrhythmic drugs often -cause HF. -alter blood flow to the kidney. -cause new arrhythmias. -cause electrolyte disturbances.
bolus and titrated doses of lidocaine
A patient is brought into the emergency room with a potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Immediate treatment might include -a loading dose of digoxin. -injection of quinidine. -bolus and titrated doses of lidocaine. -loading dose of propafenone.
a diuretic.
A patient who is hypertensive becomes pregnant. The drug of choice for this patient is -an angiotensin II receptor blocker. -an ACE inhibitor. -a diuretic. -a calcium-channel blocker.
Dopamine (Intropin) a sympathomimetic drug
Which drug is most commonly used to treat cardiogenic shock? -Furosemide (Lasix) a diuretic -Metoprolol (Lopressor) a beta-adrenergic blocker -Dopamine (Intropin) a sympathomimetic drug -Enalapril (Vasotec) angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
constant cardiac monitoring until stabilized
A patient who is receiving an antiarrhythmic drug needs -constant cardiac monitoring until stabilized. -frequent blood tests, including drug levels. -an antidepressant to deal with psychological depression. -dietary changes to prevent irritation of the heart muscle.
within 6 to 10 months
A patient with anemia who is given iron salts could expect to show a therapeutic increase in hematocrit -within 72 hours. -within 2 to 3 weeks. -within 6 to 10 months. -within 1 to 2 weeks
an osmotic diuretic
A patient with severe glaucoma who is about to undergo eye surgery would benefit from a decrease in intraocular fluid. This is often best accomplished by giving the patient -a loop diuretic. -a thiazide diuretic. -a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. -an osmotic diuretic.
Hypertension and BPH
A patient with which of the following would most likely be prescribed an alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agent? -COPD and hypotension -Hypertension and BPH -Erectile dysfunction and hypotension -Shock states and bronchospasm
a beta1-specific blocke
A smoker who is being treated for hypertension with a beta-blocker is most likely receiving -a nonspecific beta-blocker. -an alpha1-specific beta-blocker. -beta- and alpha-blockers. -a beta1-specific blocker
-A high LDL concentration -A high triglyceride concentration -Intolerance to statins
A bile acid sequestrant is the drug of choice for a client who has which of the following? -A high LDL concentration -A high triglyceride concentration -Biliary obstruction -Vitamin K deficiency -A high HDL concentration -Intolerance to statins
Check the client's potassium level
A client has been prescribed furosemide (Lasix) 80 mg twice daily. The cardiac monitor technician informs the nurse that the client has started having rare premature ventricular contractions followed by runs of bigeminy lasting 2 minutes. During the assessment, the nurse determines that the client is asymptomatic and has stable vital signs. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform next? -Check the client's potassium level. -Call the physician. -Summon the nurse-manager. -Administer potassium.
Foods that alkalinize the urine
A client stabilized on quinidine for the regulation of AF would be cautioned to avoid which of the following? -Potassium-rich foods -Foods containing tyrosine -High-sodium-containing foods -Foods that alkalinize the urine
alert the surgeon and mark the client's chart prominently.
A client taking an ACE inhibitor is scheduled for surgery. The nurse should -stop the drug. -alert the surgeon and mark the client's chart prominently. -cancel the surgery and consult with the prescriber. -monitor fluid levels and make sure the fluids are restricted before surgery.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection? -Fluconazole -Nystatin -Amphotericin B -Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
-to protect tablets from light and humidity. -to use the nitroglycerin before an event or activity that will most likely precipitate an anginal attack. -to discard them if they do not fizzle when placed under the tongue.
A client who has nitroglycerin to avert an acute anginal attack would need to be taught -to take five or six tablets and then seek medical help if no relief occurs. -to buy the tablets in bulk to decrease the cost. -to protect tablets from light and humidity. -to store the tablets in a clearly marked, clear container in open view. -to use the nitroglycerin before an event or activity that will most likely precipitate an anginal attack. -to discard them if they do not fizzle when placed under the tongue.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors
A client with HIV will be started on a medication regimen of three medications. What drug will the nurse instruct the client about? -Reverse transcriptase inhibitors -Integrase inhibitors -Protease inhibitor -Hydroxyurea
diuretics
A nurse is caring for a client with left-sided heart failure. To reduce fluid volume excess, the nurse should anticipate using: -diuretics. -anticoagulants. -antiembolism stockings. -oxygen.
-Clonidine -Ergot alkaloids -NSAIDs -Epinephrine
A nurse would question an order for a beta-adrenergic blocker if the patient was also receiving what other drugs? -Clonidine -Ergot alkaloids -Aspirin -NSAIDs -Triptans -Epinephrine
cardiogenic shock.
A nurse would question an order for beta1-selective adrenergic blocker for a patient with -cardiac arrhythmias. -hypertension. -cardiogenic shock. -open-angle glaucoma.
unrelenting cough.
ACE inhibitors work on the renin-angiotensin system to prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Because this blocking occurs in the cells in the lung, which is usually the site of this conversion, the use of ACE inhibitors often results in -spontaneous pneumothorax. -pneumonia. -unrelenting cough. -respiratory depression.
sympatholytics.
Adrenergic blocking drugs, because of their clinical effects, are also known as -anticholinergics. -sympathomimetics. -parasympatholytics. -sympatholytics.
The formation of steroid hormones
After describing to a community group the ways in which the body uses cholesterol, which of the following, if stated by the group as such as a way, indicates successful teaching? -The production of water-soluble vitamins -The formation of steroid hormones -The mineralization of bones -The development of dental plaques
erythropoietin
After teaching a group of students about RBC production the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the group states that the rate of RBC production is controlled by -iron. -folic acid. -erythropoietin. -vitamin B12.
I need to inject this drug IM every 5 to 10 days
After teaching a patient with pernicious anemia about vitamin B12 therapy, which patient statement would indicate that the teaching was successful? -I can take this pill with breakfast. -I should take this pill at bedtime. -I need to inject this drug subcutaneously every day. -I need to inject this drug IM every 5 to 10 days.
-Permanent injury to the heart muscle -Potentially serious arrhythmias -Pain -A feeling of anxiety
An acute myocardial infarction is usually associated with which of the following? -Permanent injury to the heart muscle -Potentially serious arrhythmias -Pain -The development of hypertension -Loss of consciousness -A feeling of anxiety
is pain due to lack of oxygen to myocardial cells.
Angina -causes death of heart muscle cells. -is pain due to lack of oxygen to myocardial cells. -cannot occur at rest. -is not treatable.
-Disturbed sensory perception (kinesthetic) related to the CNS effects of the drugs -Acute pain related to GI, CNS, or dermatological effects of the drugs. -Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy.
Appropriate nursing diagnoses related to the drug therapy for a patient receiving combination antiviral therapy for the treatment of HIV infection would include the following: -Disturbed sensory perception (kinesthetic) related to the CNS effects of the drugs. -Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements related to appetite stimulation. -Heart failure related to cardiac effects of the drugs. -Adrenal insufficiency related to endocrine effects of the drugs. -Acute pain related to GI, CNS, or dermatological effects of the drugs. -Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy.
-Lack of oxygen to the heart muscle cells -Acidosis near a cell -Structural damage in the conduction pathway through the heart -Thyroid hormone imbalance -Electrolyte imbalances
Arrhythmias or dysrhythmias can be caused by which of the following? -Lack of oxygen to the heart muscle cells -Acidosis near a cell -Structural damage in the conduction pathway through the heart -Vasodilation in the myocardial vascular bed -Thyroid hormone imbalance -Electrolyte imbalances
antiarrhythmics are reserved for use in cases of life-threatening arrhythmias.
Because of the results of the CAST study, antiarrhythmics are now more widely used. -antiarrhythmics are used as prophylactic -measures in situations that might lead to an arrhythmia. -antiarrhythmics are no longer used in the United States. -antiarrhythmics are reserved for use in cases of life-threatening arrhythmias.
vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Blood coagulation is a complex reaction that involves -vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and plasminogen action. -vasodilation, platelet aggregation, and activation of the clotting cascade. -vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. -vasodilation, platelet inhibition, and action of the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting cascades.
block strong muscle contractions, causing vasodilation.
Calcium-channel blockers are effective in treating angina because they -prevent any CV exercise, preventing strain on the heart. -block strong muscle contractions, causing vasodilation. -alter the electrolyte balance of the heart, preventing arrhythmias. -increase the heart rate, making it more efficient.
spontaneous impulses arising within the heart.
Cardiac contraction and relaxation are controlled by -a specific area in the brain. -the sympathetic nervous system. -the autonomic nervous system. -spontaneous impulses arising within the heart.
to treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder.
Droxidopa, an antihypotensive drug, should be used -only with patients who are confined to bed. -in the treatment of acute shock. -in patients with known pheochromocytoma. -to treat orthostatic hypotension in patients whose lives are impaired by the disorder.
-the potential for constipation. -keeping these potentially toxic pills away from children. -having periodic blood tests to evaluate the drug effect. -being aware that stools may be colored green
Clients are often given iron pills by their clinic. Instructions in giving these pills should include -taking the drug with milk to avoid GI problems. -the potential for constipation. -keeping these potentially toxic pills away from children. -taking the drug with antacids to alleviate GI upset. -having periodic blood tests to evaluate the drug effect. -being aware that stools may be colored green.
an imbalance in cardiac muscle oxygen supply and demand.
Coronary artery disease results in -an imbalance in cardiac muscle oxygen supply and demand. -delivery of blood to the heart muscle during systole. -increased pulse pressure. -a decreased workload on the heart
-Hypertension -Renal disease -Severe liver disease -Heart failure
Diuretics are currently recommended for the treatment of which of the following? -Hypertension -Renal disease -Obesity -Severe liver disease -Fluid retention of pregnancy -Heart failure
activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with increased ADH and aldosterone.
Diuretics cause a loss of fluid volume in the body. The drop in volume activates compensatory mechanisms to restore the volume, including -suppression of ADH release and stimulation of the countercurrent mechanism. -suppression of aldosterone release and -increased ADH release. -activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with increased ADH and aldosterone. -stimulation of the countercurrent mechanism with reflex drop in renin release.
-Heavy menstrual flow -Internal bleeding -Penetrating traumatic injury
In a healthy person, very little iron is needed on a daily basis. Loss of iron is associated with which of the following? -Heavy menstrual flow -Bile duct obstruction -Internal bleeding -Penetrating traumatic injury -Bone marrow suppression -Alcoholic cirrhosis
the common cold
In assessing a patient a viral cause might be suspected if the patient was diagnosed with -tuberculosis. -leprosy. -the common cold. -gonorrhea.
associated with no known cause.
Essential hypertension is the most commonly diagnosed form of high BP. Essential hypertension is -caused by a tumor in the adrenal gland. -associated with no known cause. -related to renal disease. -caused by liver dysfunction.
interferons.
Naturally occurring substances that are released in the body in response to viral invasion are called -antibodies. -immunoglobulins. -interferons. -interleukins.
Helper T cells
HIV selectively enters which of the following cells? -B clones -Helper T cells -Suppressor T cells -Cytotoxic T cells
process of cholesterol formation in the cell.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors work in the -process of bile secretion. -process of cholesterol formation in the cell. -intestinal wall to block fat absorption. -kidney to block fat excretion.
leprosy
Herpes viruses cause a broad range of conditions but have not been identified as the causative agent in -cold sores. -shingles. -genital infections. -leprosy.
a treatable CAD risk factor.
Hyperlipidemia is considered to be -a normal finding in adult males. -related to stress levels. -a treatable CAD risk factor. -a side effect of cigarette smoking.
all of the above.
Hypertension is associated with -loss of vision. -strokes. -atherosclerosis. -all of the above.
conversion of recent onset AF and flutter.
Ibutilide (Corvert) is a class III antiarrhythmic drug that is used for -sedation during electrocardioversion. -conversion of recent onset AF and flutter. -treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. -treatment of arrhythmias complicated by HF.
Muscle pain and weakness
Which of the following would alert the nurse to suspect that a patient receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors is developing rhabdomyolysis? -Flatulence and abdominal bloating -Increased bleeding and bruising -The development of cataracts and blurred vision -Muscle pain and weakness
warts.
Locally active antiviral agents can be used to treat -HIV infection. -warts. -RSV. -CMV systemic infections.
Rapidly turning over cells
Megaloblastic anemia is a result of insufficient folic acid or vitamin B12, affecting which of the following? -White blood cell production -Vegetarians -Rapidly turning over cells -Slow-growing cells
loss of sodium.
Most diuretics act in the body to causeloss of -calcium. -loss of sodium. -retention of potassium. -retention of chloride.
decrease venous return to the heart, decreasing the myocardial workload.
Nitrates are commonly used antianginal drugs that act to -increase the preload on the heart. -increase the afterload on the heart. -dilate coronary vessels to increase the delivery of oxygen through those vessels. -decrease venous return to the heart, decreasing the myocardial workload.
monitoring renal and hepatic function periodically during therapy
Nursing interventions for the patient receiving antiviral drugs for the treatment of HIV probably would include -monitoring renal and hepatic function periodically during therapy. -administering the drugs just once a day to increase drug effectiveness. -encouraging the patient to avoid eating if GI upset is severe. -stopping the drugs and notifying the prescriber if severe rash occurs
Fluticasone
Nursing students are reviewing various medications that can be used to treat allergic disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as an intranasal corticosteroid? -Zileuton -Fexofenadine -Fluticasone -Cromolyn sodium
to prevent cell death after extravasation of intravenous dopamine or norepinephrine.
Phentolamine (Regitine), an alpha-adrenergic blocker, is most frequently used -to prevent cell death after extravasation of intravenous dopamine or norepinephrine. -to treat COPD in patients with hypertension or arrhythmias. -to treat hypertension and BPH in male patients. -to block bronchoconstriction during acute asthma attacks.
-Peripheral resistance -Stroke volume -Sodium load -Total intravascular volume
Pressure within the vascular system is determined by which of the following? -Peripheral resistance -Stroke volume -Sodium load -Heart rate -Total intravascular volume -Rate of erythropoietin release
a spasm of a coronary vessel.
Prinzmetal angina occurs as a result of -electrolyte imbalance. -a spasm of a coronary vessel. -decreased venous return to the heart. -a ventricular arrhythmia
RBCs cannot maintain themselves and wear out.
RBCs must be continually produced by the body because -the iron within the RBC wears out and must be replaced. -RBCs cannot maintain themselves and wear out. -RBCs are continuously entering and being lost from the GI tract. -RBCs are processed into bile salts and must be replaced.
-The SA node -The atrial bundles -The Purkinje fibers -The bundle of His
The conduction system of the heart includes which of the following? -The SA node -The sinuses of Valsalva -The atrial bundles -The Purkinje fibers -The coronary sinus -The bundle of His
-Daily weighing -Periodic electrolyte evaluations -Monitoring of urinary output -Teaching the patient to report muscle cramping
Routine nursing care of a client receiving a diuretic would include which of the following? -Daily weighing -Tight fluid restrictions -Periodic electrolyte evaluations -Monitoring of urinary output -Regular IOP testing (intraocular pressure) -Teaching the patient to report muscle cramping
-The importance of exercise -The need for dietary changes to alter cholesterol levels -The importance of controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels -That stopping smoking may also help to lower lipid levels
Teaching a client who is prescribed an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to treat high cholesterol and high lipid levels should include which of the following? -The importance of exercise -The need for dietary changes to alter cholesterol levels -That taking a statin will allow a full, unrestricted diet -That drug therapy is always needed when these levels are elevated -The importance of controlling blood pressure and blood glucose levels -That stopping smoking may also help to lower lipid levels
sense pressure and immediately send that information to the medulla in the brain.
The baroreceptors are the most important factor in continual control of BP. The baroreceptors -are evenly distributed throughout the body to maintain pressure in the system. -sense pressure and immediately send that information to the medulla in the brain. -are directly connected to the sympathetic nervous system. -are as sensitive to oxygen levels as to pressure changes.
-Migraine headaches -Stage fright -Reinfarction after an MI -Hypertension
The beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol is approved for a wide variety of uses. Which of the following are approved indications? -Migraine headaches -Stage fright -Bronchospasm -Reinfarction after an MI -Erectile dysfunction -Hypertension
nadolol
The beta-blocker of choice for a patient who is hypertensive and has angina is -nadolol. -propranolol -timolol. -carteolol.
adenosine.
The drug of choice for the treatment of a supraventricular tachycardia associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is -digoxin. -verapamil. -lidocaine. -adenosine.
CAD.
The formation of atheromas in blood vessels precedes the signs and symptoms of -hepatitis. -CAD. -diabetes mellitus. -chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
ACE inhibitor
The nurse is assigned to care for a patient with heart failure. What classification of medication does the nurse anticipate administering that will improve symptoms as well as increase survival? -Bile acid sequestrants -Calcium channel blocker -ACE inhibitor -Diuretic
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication that has an affinity for H1 receptors. Which medication would the nurse administer? -Ranitidine (Zantac) -Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) -Omeprazole (Prilosec) -Cimetidine (Tagamet)
cardiac-related conditions
The nurse would anticipate administering drugs that generally block all adrenergic receptor sites to treat -allergic rhinitis. -COPD. -cardiac-related conditions. -premature labor.
pulmonary edema.
The nurse would anticipate an order for a loop diuretic as the drug of choice for a patient with -hypertension. -shock. -pulmonary edema. -fluid retention of pregnancy.
for treatment of anemia associated with renal failure.
The nurse would expect the physician to prescribe epoetin alfa (Epogen) as the drug of choice -for acute blood loss during surgery. -to replace blood loss from traumatic injury. -for treatment of anemia during lactation. -for treatment of anemia associated with renal failure.
muscle cramping
The nurse would instruct a patient receiving a loop diuretic to report -yellow vision. -weight loss of 1 pound/day. -muscle cramping. -increased urination.
-Intense vasoconstriction and BP elevation -Blood flow through the kidneys -Retention of sodium and water in the kidneys -Liver production of fibrinogen
The renin-angiotensin system is associated with which of the following? -Intense vasoconstriction and BP elevation -Blood flow through the kidneys -Production of surfactant in the lungs -Release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex -Retention of sodium and water in the kidneys -Liver production of fibrinogen
all of the above.
The stepped care approach to the treatment of hypertension includes -lifestyle modification, including exercise, diet, and decreased smoking and alcohol intake. -use of a diuretic, beta-blocker, or ACE inhibitor to supplement lifestyle changes. -a combination of antihypertensive drug classes to achieve desired control. -all of the above.
they cause loss of sodium and chloride but little water.
Thiazide diuretics are considered mild diuretics because -they block the sodium pump in the loop of Henle. -they cause loss of sodium and chloride but little water. -they do not cause fluid rebound when they work in the kidneys. -they have little or no effect on electrolyte levels.
The osmotic diuretic mannitol
This drug is used to decrease intracranial pressure, to treat glaucoma, and to help push toxic substances through the kidneys.
dairy products.
To ensure maximum absorption a nurse instructs a patient receiving oral iron therapy to avoid taking the iron with -protein. -antibiotics. -dairy products. -any other drugs.
-weight loss. -use of nitrates.. -activity modification. -use of a piperazine acetamide agent. -use of a calcium-channel blocker.
Treating angina involves modifying factors that could decrease myocardial oxygen consumption. It could be expected that this might include -weight loss. -use of nitrates. -use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. -activity modification. -use of a piperazine acetamide agent. -use of a calcium-channel blocker.
inject themselves into human cells to survive and to reproduce.
Virus infections have proved difficult to treat because they -have a protein coat. -inject themselves into human cells to survive and to reproduce. -are bits of RNA or DNA. -easily resist drug therapy.
-Decrease the workload on the heart -Restore the supply-and-demand balance of oxygen in the heart -Decrease venous return to the heart
When describing the action of antianginal drugs to a patient, which of the following would the nurse include? -Decrease the workload on the heart -Increase the supply of oxygen to the heart -Change the metabolic pathway in the heart muscle to remove the need for oxygen -Restore the supply-and-demand balance of oxygen in the heart -Decrease venous return to the heart -Alter the coronary artery-filling pathway
-The virus can remain dormant within the T cell for a very long time; it can mutate while in the T cell. -The virus slowly mutates with each generation. -Attacking the virus at many points in its life cycle has been shown to be most effective. -Research has shown that using only one type of drug that targeted only one point in the virus life cycle led to more mutations and more difficulty in controlling the disease.
When explaining to a client the reasoning behind using combination therapy in the treatment of HIV the nurse would include which of the following points? -The virus can remain dormant within the T cell for a very long time; it can mutate while in the T cell. -Adverse effects of many of the drugs used to treat this virus include immunosuppression, so the disease could become worse. -The drugs are cheaper if used in combination. -The virus slowly mutates with each generation. -Attacking the virus at many points in its life cycle has been shown to be most effective. -Research has shown that using only one type of drug that targeted only one point in the virus life cycle led to more mutations and more difficulty in controlling the disease.
Drink plenty of fluids to decrease the drug's toxic effects on the kidneys
Which of the following would be an important teaching point for the patient receiving an agent to treat herpes virus or CMV? -Stop taking the drug as soon as the lesions have disappeared. -Sexual intercourse is fine—as long as you are taking the drug, you are not contagious. -Drink plenty of fluids to decrease the drug's toxic effects on the kidneys. -There are few if any associated GI adverse effects.
Drink plenty of fluids to decrease the drug's toxic effects on the kidneys.
Which of the following would be an important teaching point for the patient receiving an agent to treat herpes virus or CMV? -Stop taking the drug as soon as the lesions have disappeared. -Sexual intercourse is fine—as long as you are taking the drug, you are not contagious. -Drink plenty of fluids to decrease the drug's toxic effects on the kidneys. -There are few if any associated GI adverse effects.
Niacin
Which of the following would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for a patient who has high lipid levels and cannot take fibrates or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? -Nicotine -Vitamin C -Niacin -Nitrates
A decreased number of or abnormal RBCs
Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan when describing anemia to a patient? -A decreased number of or abnormal RBCs -A lack of iron in the body -A lack of vitamin B12 in the body -An excessive number of platelets
The patient might develop cataracts as a result.
Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching a patient about HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors? -The patient will not have a heart attack. -The patient will not develop CAD. -The patient might develop cataracts as a result. -The patient might stop absorbing fat-soluble vitamins.
They block sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop and dilate renal vessels
Which statement best describes the therapeutic action of loop diuretics? -They block sodium reabsorption in the ascending loop and dilate renal vessels. -They promote potassium secretion into the distal tubule and constrict renal vessels. -They block reabsorption of potassium on the collecting tubule. -They promote sodium secretion into the distal tubule.
never to stop the drug abruptly.
You would caution a patient who is taking an adrenergic blocker -to avoid exposure to infection. -to stop the drug if he or she experiences flu-like symptoms. -never to stop the drug abruptly. -to avoid exposure to the sun.
Hemostatic agents
are used to stop bleeding from occurring
Sympatholytics
drugs that inhibit the postganglionic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system
Thiazide
these diuretics work to block the chloride pump in the distal convoluted tubule.
Beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents
these do not block the beta1-receptors that are responsible for bronchodilation and therefore are preferred in patients with respiratory problems.
