pharm test cardio

Reduces inflammation Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, reduces inflammation by inhibiting the inflammatory response.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of cromolyn sodium to prevent bronchospasm. The nurse should explain that the drug has which of the following therapeutic effects?

jaundice

a nurse is collecting data from a client who is taking gemfibrozil. which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of this medication

take medication with food

a nurse is providing info to a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide which info should the nurse include

call emergency response team

a patient is learning how to treat acute anginal attacks and says "what is my next step if i take one tablet wait 5 minutes but still have pain"

hypokalemia Spironolactone- a potassium sparing diuretic causes retention of potassium which reduces risk of hypokalemia due to potassium loss from bumetanide a high ceiling loop diuretic. hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia are risks with bumetanide while hyponatremia is a risk with spironolactone

A client is taking bumetanide and spironolactone. you may explain that using these drugs together may reduce the risk of what adverse effects

assess for tinnitus monitor blood potassium levels elevate the head of bed slowly before ambulation recommend eating a banana daily

a nurse is planning to care for a client who is receiving furosemide IV for peripheral edema. what interventions should the nurse include in plan of care

fatigue, anorexia, blurred vision

a nurse is teaching a client with a new script for digoxin the nurse should instruct the client to monitor and report what adverse effects

increase the amount of fiber in the diet

a nurse is teaching a client with a prescription for verapamil to control hypertension what instruction should the nurse include

remove the patch each evening

a nurse is teaching a client with nitroglycerin transdermal patch what instruction should the nurse include

Flecainide (Tambocor)

a clients Atrial dysrhythmia fails to respond to other antidysrhythmia therapies you anticipate the PCP might try which drugs whose off label use includes refractory atrial dysrhythmias

The drug does not promote diuresis for clients who have renal insufficiency. Adequate kidney function is essential for clients who take hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, to promote urine production and effective excretion.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a glomerular filtration rate of 10 mL/min and a reduced urine output. The nurse should clarify a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for this client because of which of the following characteristics of the drug?

alcohol may increase hypotensive effects of isosorbide and increase cardiovascular collapse

while instructing client about using isorbide to treat angina you advise the client to avoid:

Coronary artery disease Because pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic, can cause systemic vasoconstriction, it requires cautious use with clients who have severe hypertension or coronary artery disease.

A nurse should recognize that using pseudoephedrine to treat allergic rhinitis requires cautious use with clients who have which of the following conditions?

"expect medication to smell like rotten eggs"

Acetylcysteine is given to a child with cystic fibrosis we should educate that this medication :

​To increase the amount of drug delivered to the lungs A spacer increases the amount of drug that reaches the lungs.

For which of the following reasons should a client attach a spacer to a metered-dose inhaler?

Drug abuse Because it is possible to alter pseudoephedrine and epinephrine into methamphetamine, a commonly abused drug, the law restricts the drugs' purchase.

Legal restrictions apply to the purchase of pseudoephedrine because of which of the following risks?

nasal congestion

adverse effect of phenylephrine nasal drops for the past 10 days

15 min before exercising can be used via nebulizer up to 4 times per day

advise the client taking cromolyn via inhalation for exercise induced bronchospasm to take the drug

propranolol

beta adrenergic blocker that controls atrial and ventricular tachycardia

Verapamil (calan)

calcium channel blocker that treats supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter

administer albuterol inhaler prior to using beclomethasone inhaler

client has prescription for albuterol and beclomethasone inhalers for asthma which instructions should nurse include in teaching

black tarry stools sore throat muscle weakness

clients taking prednisone should watch for and report

white coating of the mouth may cause oropharyngeal candidiasis clients should gargle after uses , use a spacer and report white patches

clients using beclomethasone oral inhaler should wat for what sign of adverse effect?

Sedation- avoid alert activities

dextromethorphan for cough supression can cause which adverse effect

exerts positive inotropis action decreases sympathetic tone increases myocardial contractility increases stroke volume and cardiac output, that increases the force of ventricular contraction. slows heart rate and decreases venous pressure by decreasing vasoconstriction. this results in increased renal blood flow thus promoting urine production and excretion. that reduction in retained fluid decreases blood volume and relieves pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema

digoxin is effective at treating heart failure due to which pharmacological action

dry mouth- anticholinergic manifestation

diphenhydramine for allergic rhinitis can cause

it can take as long as 3 weeks

fluticasone for perennial rhinitis should take how long to take maximum effect?

administer the drug prophylactically during allergy seasons cetirizine is a second gen antihistimine used to releive seasonal rhinitis. increase fluids to avoid dry mouth and constipation, taking with food may help gatric distress

inform a client taking cetirizine:

Ibprofen

what drug could interact with prednisone

do not use salt substitutes to season your food this angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor can cause hyperkalemia due to potassium retention by the kidney rare unless also taking potassium supplements, salt substitutes, or a diuretic that spares potassium. It can cause palpitations. administer 1 hr before or 2 hrs after meals.

while talking with a client who is taking captopril to treat hypertension which instructions do you include to help manage drugs adverse effects

Parathesias high doses of lidocaine, a class 1B antidysrhythmic, may cause numbness and tingling with may lead to seizure activity. high doses can also cause hypotension, and bradycardia.

you are administering lidocaine 50 mg via IV bolus to a client with ventricular dysrhythmia. you monitor the client for which adverse reactions to the lidocaine?

productive cough

a nurse is assesing a client who is taking amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation what finding is a manifestation of amiodarone toxicity

delirium

a nurse is caring for a client receiving IV nitroprusside for hypertensive crisis. which condition should the nurse monitor the client for as an adverse effect

dyspnea

a nurse is caring for a client who has increased intracranial pressure and is receiving mannitol which of the following finding should nurse report to provider

hypokalemia hypotension ototoxicity

a nurse is palnning care for a client who has a new script for torsemide the nurse shoul plan to monitor for what adverse condition?

rinse your mouth after each use of this medication

A nurse is teaching client instructions for beclomethasone which instructions should she include

Acute myocardial infarction Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is contraindicated for clients who have had an allergic reaction to phosphodiesterase inhibitors and for clients who have an acute myocardial infarction and aortic or pulmonary valve disorders.

A nurse should recognize that milrinone is contraindicated for a client who has which of the following conditions?

fatty foods client shouldnt take direct renin inhibitor with fatty foods. green leafy veg interfere with warfarin/coumadin foods high in carbs can effect antidiabetic drugs

a client is about to start taking aliskiren to treat hypertension which of the following should you tell the client to avoid to ensure optimal absorption of this drug

cough, blurred vision, dizziness, fever amiodarone can cause pulmonary toxicity manifesting as dyspnea, cough, fever, and chest pain. can also cause corneal microdeposits causing blurred vision and photophobia other effects include dizziness and ataxia, can cause dry cough due to heart failure or ards

a client is taking oral amiodarone to treat atrial fibrilation. recognizing the adverse effects of amiodarone you advise the client to watch and report what

limit the drug use to 3-5 days should be used short term

a client using phenylephrine spray for nasal congestion should do what to avoid rebound congestion

neutropenia

a nurse is caring for a client who has script for captopril for hypertension the nurse should monitor for what adverse effect

calcium gluconate

a nurse is caring for a client who recieved iv verapamil to treat supraventricular tachycardia the client pulse rate is now 98 and blood pressure 74/44 the nurse should expect a prescription for which IV meds

vasculitis urticaria jaundice

a nurse is caring for a client with a new perscription for alirocumab to reduce cholesterol the nurse should monitor for what findings as an adverse effect

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Taking NSAID with an ACE inhibitor reduces ACE inhibitor effects. Food decreases absorption of Captopril. Acetaminophen, calcium carbonate, and diphenhydramine do not interact adversely with captopril

it is essential for a healthcare provider to make sure a client understands that he should not take which over the counter drugs while taking captopril

tremors are an adverse effect of this medication

nurse should include what instruction for albuterol

weight gain , fluid retention

nurse should tell a client on long term use of oral prednisone for what AE

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

potassium channel blockers that treat ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia

Digoxin toxicity potassium supplements should be taken to reduce risk

recognizing potential drug interaction between diuretic, furosemide, and the cardiac glycoside, digoxin, the pcp plans to monito the client for which AE?

hyperglycemia infection gastric bleeding

recognizing the adverse effects of glucocrticoids you should monitor for:

Quinidine

sodium channel blocker that treats supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias

asthma

the nurse should recognize the following conditions is contraindicated for taking propranolol

Use it periodically to prevent exercise-induced asthma it is a short acting beta 2 agonist that should only be used as needed or 30 min before excersize to prevent induced bronchospasm salmeterol is taken every 12 hrs keep canisters away from heat, light, fridge. inhaled glucocorticoids may cause oral yeast infection

what information should you include when teaching a client about the use of an albuterol inhaler for asthma management

contact provider if hr is less than 60/min

what instruction should the nurse include in teaching about digoxin

emphysema It is not safe for clients with decreased respiratory reserve such as emphysema or asthma. can exacerbate some glaucoma. may cause hypotension, constipation, reduced respiration, caustious use with hypothyroidism because can worsen bradycardia.

what is a contraindication for taking codeine

report of anorexia

what is a manifestation of digoxin toxicity

wait at least 1 minute befoe inhaling the second puff.

when instructing a client about the use of MDI you should include what information?

Drowsiness The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is drowsiness.

A nurse is teaching an adult client about diphenhydramine. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects while taking this drug?

Potentiation of depression of CNS actions Combining dextromethorphan with an opioid, such as morphine, increases the risk for decreased respirations and other depressed CNS responses.

A nurse should identify that dextromethorphan can have which of the following effects when combined with morphine?

increased urine output

a nurse is administering dopamine infusion at a low dose to a client with severe heart failure. what finding is an expected effect of this medication

winded qrs complex easy bruising swollen joints

a nurse is assesing a client who has taken procainamide to treat dysrhythmias for the last 12 months. the nurse should assess the client for which manifestation

active hepatitis C

a nurse is completing a nursing history for a client who takes simvastatin the nurse should identify which disorder as a contraindication to adding ezetimibe to the clients medication

blood potassium 5.2

a nurse is monitoring a client who is recieving spironolactone which finding should the nurse report

potassium 3.4

a nurse is monitoring electolytes for clients who take digoxin what value increases risk for digoxin toxicity

assist the client when sitting up or standing after taking this medication

a nurse is preparring to administer propranol to a client who has dysrhythmia which action should the nurse plan to take

take this medication in the evening

a nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting simvastatin which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching

Digoxin Simvastatin Verapamil

a nurse is taking medication history from a client who has angina and is to begin taking ranolazine. the nurse should report which medications in the clients history that can interact

take colesevelam with food and at least one glass of water

a nurse is teaching a client who is taking digoxin and has a new perscription for colesevelam what instruction should the nurse include in teaching

Hypokalemia Manifestations of hypokalemia include a thready, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, anxiety, confusion, skeletal muscle weakness, hypoactive bowel sounds, polyuria, nausea, and vomiting.

A nurse is assessing a client who is taking a loop diuretic and is experiencing a thready, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, and confusion. The nurse should identify that these manifestations indicate which of the following adverse effects?

Antigen-binding fragments Antigen-binding fragments, also called digoxin immune Fab, binds to digoxin and blocks its action. The nurse should prepare to administer this antidote IV to clients who have severe digoxin toxicity.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin and develops changes on their ECG tracing and other manifestations that indicate the client has severe digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to treat this complication?

Potassium 5.2 mEq/L Spironolactone is a diuretic and an aldosterone antagonist that can cause hyperkalemia and places the client at risk for cardiac dysrhythmias. This potassium level is outside the expected reference range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L and requires immediate intervention.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking spironolactone to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client laboratory values requires immediate intervention?

Seizures Seizures are likely when plasma drug levels of theophylline, a methylxanthine, are higher than 30 mcg/mL, which indicates toxicity.

A nurse is monitoring plasma drug levels in a client who is taking theophylline. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect to see if the client's drug level indicates toxicity?

Reduces surface tension Expectorants act by reducing the surface tension and viscosity of respiratory secretions. This results in thinning thick mucus, making it easier to cough out of the lungs and drain out of the nose and sinuses.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should include that an expectorant has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Prevent histamine from binding to receptors Antihistamines treat allergic rhinitis and reduce swelling by blocking histamine from binding to the receptor sites.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis. The nurse should explain that these drugs are effective because they perform which of the following actions?

Decreases inflammation Beclomethasone, an intranasal glucocorticoid, treats asthma by reducing inflammation.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of beclomethasone to treat asthma. The nurse should explain that the drug has which of the following therapeutic effects?

Allow at least 2 weeks for the full therapeutic effect. It can take 2 or 3 weeks to see the full therapeutic effect of intranasal glucocorticoids.

A nurse is teaching a client about using intranasal glucocorticoids. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give?

Report any new intolerance to fried foods is correct. Because gemfibrozil, a fibrate, can cause gallstones, clients should monitor and report any new intolerance to fried foods, as well as any bloating or upper abdominal discomfort. Report muscle tenderness is correct. Because gemfibrozil, a fibrate, can cause myopathy, clients should monitor and report any unexplained muscle or joint pain. Expect periodic liver function testing is correct. Because gemfibrozil, a fibrate, increases the risk for liver toxicity, clients will require liver function testing while taking this drug.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Procainamide Procainamide is a sodium channel blocker and a broad-spectrum antidysrhythmic. It should not be used for long-term treatment of dysrhythmias because of its risk for serious adverse effects, including cardiotoxicity and arterial embolism.

A nurse should identify that which of the following drugs is used only for the short-term treatment of a cardiac dysrhythmia because of the serious adverse effects associated with long-term use?

Ototoxicity with the risk increasing with the use of drugs such as gentamicin. can also cause hyperglycemia

furosemide can cause

Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia, or increased uric acid levels, along with gouty arthritis, can occur in clients who have a history of these conditions and are taking hydrochlorothiazide.

A nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide to a client who has gouty arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect of this drug?

Reserpine Severe depression and an increased risk for suicide are adverse effects of adrenergic neuron blockers, such as reserpine. These adverse effects develop because of the depletion of serotonin and norepinephrine and can persist after clients discontinue taking the drug.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a depressive disorder and requires a prescription drug to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize that which of the following antihypertensive drugs is contraindicated for this client?

Anxiety is correct. Anxiety is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine. Restlessness is correct. Restlessness is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic. Insomnia is correct. Insomnia is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine.

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of pseudoephedrine. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Thins and loosens mucus Mucolytics make mucus less viscous to increase a cough's productivity.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a mucolytic to treat a cough. The nurse should include that a mucolytic has which of the following therapeutic effects?

headache Adverse effects of nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, include headaches, which can be severe at the beginning of nitrate therapy but decrease in severity with continued exposure to nitrates.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following manifestations is a potential adverse effect of this drug?

"Monitor your pulse rate and report changes." Sodium channel blockers, like quinidine, can worsen dysrhythmias, or cause new ones. The nurse should teach the client to monitor their pulse rate and report changes from prescribed parameters. It can be helpful to instruct the client to keep a written record of their pulse rate for the provider.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for quinidine. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Albuterol will increase the absorption of fluticasone. Albuterol, an inhaled, short-acting beta2 agonist, causes bronchodilation, which will increase the absorption of fluticasone, an inhaled glucocorticoid.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for albuterol via inhaler and fluticasone via inhaler for asthma management. For which of the following reasons should the nurse instruct the client to use the albuterol inhaler before using the fluticasone inhaler?

Have laboratory tests performed at regular intervals. Zileuton, a leukotriene modifier, can cause liver injury. The nurse should monitor liver function once a month for 3 months, then every 2 to 3 months during the first year of treatment.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for zileuton. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Increase weight-bearing activity. Weight-bearing activity can help minimize bone loss, which is an adverse effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, an inhaled glucocorticoid and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) combination medication.

A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning fluticasone propionate/salmeterol therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Over-the-counter cold products can also contain guaifenesin. Many combination over-the-counter cold products contain guaifenesin. A client taking both might be taking excessive amounts of the drug. Combination products also contain multiple drugs to treat different manifestations, some of which the client might not have. All drugs have potential adverse effects, so the client should use only those drugs required to treat existing symptoms and only in the recommended amounts.

For which of the following reasons should a nurse instruct a client to avoid taking guaifenesin with combination over-the-counter cold products?

abdominal pain Zileuton may cause liver damage and hepatitis- should report jaundice or abdominal pain this drug can cause neck pain and rigidity, can cause conjunctivitis and chest pain

a client taking zileuton should report what possible indication of a serious adverse effect?

Verapamil

a nurse has a client with a new script for digoxin and take multiple other meds. the nurse should recognize that concurrent use of which medications places clients at risk of digoxin toxicity

Metoprolol

a patient is perscribed isosorbide mononitrate for chronic stable angina and develops reflex tachycardia what medication should the nurse expect to administer

Digoxin toxicity

a primary care provider then prescribes quinidine gluconate as an oral antidysrhythmmic agent. a healthcare professional should question the use of quinidine for a client taking digoxin due to a possible drug interaction that can result in which adverse effect

hydrochlorothiazide clonidine aliskiren

which medications can intensify first dose hypotension for a client receiving captopril

drug abuse it can cause euphoria and hallucinations at high doses, it can also cause dizziness, dyspepsia and constipation

you should monitor a client taking dextromethorphan because of the potential for what?

Hyperkalemia is correct. Aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, can cause elevated potassium levels, especially when taken in combination with an ACE inhibitor, potassium supplements, or potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse should obtain a potassium level at baseline and periodically monitor the client's potassium level thereafter.Throat swelling is correct. Aliskiren can cause angioedema, which is swelling of the mouth and throat. Clients who develop this adverse effect should stop taking the drug and seek medical attention. Cough is correct. Aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, can cause a cough.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aliskiren to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the drug? (Select all that apply.)

MAOI is correct. MAOIs can cause toxicity when clients take them while also taking dobutamine. This significantly increases the client's risk for tachydysrhythmias.General anesthetic is correct. General anesthetics can cause dysrhythmias when clients take them while also taking dobutamine.Tricyclic antidepressant is correct. Tricyclic antidepressants can cause toxicity when clients take them while also taking dobutamine. This significantly increases the client's risk for tachydysrhythmias.Beta blocker is correct. Beta blockers, such as propranolol, can decrease the effects of dobutamine.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for dobutamine. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client is receiving which of the following types of drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Second-degree AV blockVerapamil, a calcium channel blocker, can affect AV conduction and is contraindicated for clients who have sick sinus syndrome or second- or third-degree AV block. Verapamil is indicated for hypertension, angina pectoris, and the management of atrial flutter and fibrillation. It is also prescribed for the management of migraine headaches. Angina pectoris

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client has a history of which of the following conditions?

Dry cough is correct. Captopril can cause a dry cough because of an accumulation of bradykinin. This often indicates the need to discontinue drug therapy. Rash is correct. Captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can cause a persistent rash. This often indicates the need to discontinue drug therapy. Distorted taste is correct. Captopril can cause distortions in taste sensations and loss of taste, which can lead to anorexia and weight loss. This often indicates the need to discontinue drug therapy. Swelling of the tongue is correct. Captopril can cause angioedema, often manifesting as edema of the tongue, pharynx, and glottis. Clients who develop this adverse effect should discontinue the drug and seek medical attention.

A nurse is caring for a client who is about to begin captopril therapy. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse instruct the client to report because it can indicate a need to discontinue drug therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Hypoglycemia There are two factors that increase the client's risk for hypoglycemia. Alpha/beta blockers, such as carvedilol, potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs. Also, carvedilol can mask tachycardia in clients who have hypoglycemia. Carvedilol should be used with caution by clients who have diabetes mellitus.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking carvedilol and has a prescription for an oral antidiabetic drug to manage their new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By taking both drugs concurrently, the nurse should identify that the client is at an increased risk for which of the following conditions?

Respirations The greatest risk to clients who are taking codeine, an opioid agonist, is severe respiratory depression. Therefore, the respiratory rate is the priority assessment.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking codeine. The nurse should identify that which of the following assessments is priority to make?

Headache Oral sympathomimetics stimulate the adrenergic receptors, causing blood vessel constriction, which can cause nervousness, headache, blurred vision, and tremors.

A nurse is preparing to administer phenylephrine to a client. The nurse should identify that that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of this drug?

Simvastatin Simvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. It blocks synthesis of cholesterol by the body to help lower cholesterol levels.

A nurse is reviewing new prescriptions with a client who has heart disease. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following drugs is prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia?

Palpitations Although not common at therapeutic doses, beta2 agonists can cause cardiac stimulation, resulting in chest pain, palpitations, hypertension, and arrhythmias.

A nurse is teaching a client about albuterol. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report which of the following as an adverse effect of this drug?

remove the prior dose before applying a new dose

a nurse is teaching how to use the nitroglycerin transdermal ointment the nurse should include what instruction

NSAIDs NSAIDs can interact with propranolol and decrease the anti-hypertensive action because vasoconstriction can occur in some COX-2 inhibitors. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking NSAIDs and propranolol at the same time.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for propranolol to treat a tachydysrhythmia. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following types of over-the-counter drugs while taking propranolol?

urinary retention glaucoma ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug so clients with urinary retention should use caution. drug also increases intraocular pressure drug is inappropriate for clients with prostatic hypertrophy

you are taking a health history from a client with a ipratropium inhaler, what history alerts you to take action

fetal injury angiotensin 2 receptor blockers are teratogenic drugs that may cause fetal harm such as slowed development and renal failure

you inform the client that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which risk

Acetylcysteine Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that loosens thick respiratory secretions.

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty mobilizing thick respiratory secretions. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client?

Hypotension Large amounts of grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of verapamil by inhibiting its metabolism. An excess amount of the drug in the body can intensify otherwise therapeutic effects like hypotension, causing serious risk for syncope and dizziness.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil to treat atrial fibrillation. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking verapamil because it can cause the client to experience which of the following conditions?

raisins Diuretics can deplete the body of potassium, so the nurse should instruct the client to include potassium-rich foods in their diet, such as raisins and other dried fruits.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking a diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to include which of the following foods in their diet to increase potassium intake?

Grapefruit juice Grapefruit juice, particularly in large amounts, can cause toxicity of potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking amiodarone to treat atrial fibrillation. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to avoid while taking this drug?

Myopathy When taking a statin drug, it is important to know that concurrent use of fibric acid derivatives, such as gemfibrozil, or other drugs to lower cholesterol, can increase the risk for myopathy.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking atorvastatin and has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should recognize that this drug combination places the client at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects?

"Apply the patch to a hairless area and rotate sites" is correct. Hair can interfere with the adhesion of the patch. Rotating patch application sites helps prevent skin irritation."Apply a new patch when you start your day" is correct. The therapeutic preventive effects of transdermal nitroglycerin patches begin 30 to 60 min after application and last for up to 14 hr. Because angina pain is more likely to occur with activity, most clients require this protection during waking hours."Remove patches for 10 to 12 hr each day" is correct. Removing the patches for 10 to 12 hr each day helps prevent the development of tolerance to the drug. For most clients, sleeping hours are the best time to remove the patch and go "patch-free," because angina pain is more likely during activity.

A nurse is caring for a client who will begin using transdermal nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. When speaking to the client about the drug, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Facial edema Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, can cause angioedema, which often manifests as swelling around the eyes and lips. Clients who develop this adverse effect should stop taking the drug and seek medical attention.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for losartan to treat hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following findings could indicate an adverse reaction to the drug and needs to be reported?

Take the drug once a day in the evening. Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, is most effective when taken once per day in the evening.

A nurse is teaching a client about montelukast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

"Avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Gastric protective measures are essential for clients who are taking oral glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory drugs can cause GI bleeding, so clients should not take them concurrently with prednisone.

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking prednisone for an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Muscle pain Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin), can cause myopathy or pain in muscles and joints that can progress to rhabdomyolysis. With this rare but serious adverse effect, muscle protein breaks down and is excreted, resulting in kidney damage.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is taking simvastatin. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following manifestations as an indication of a serious adverse reaction that could require discontinuing drug therapy?

Wait 5 min between using the drug and another inhaled drug. Ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic, requires a 5-min wait between its administration and that of another inhaled drug to allow for bronchodilation to take effect.

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Urinary retention is correct. Urinary retention can occur with ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic. Dry mouth is correct. Ipratropium can dry oral secretions.

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. The nurse should include that this drug has which of the following adverse effects? (Select all that apply.)

Hyponatremia hypokalemia dehydration ototoxicity is more likely with loop diuretics such as furosemide, not this thiazide diuretic. hyperglycemia is also a common AE

to asses the adverse effects of the drug hydrochlorothiazide you monitor for what during drug therapy

the client drinks 2 cups of coffee each morning caffien increases cns stimulation and may increase cardiac stimulation. clients taking methylxanthines should avoid caffeine should not be perscribed for clients with severe liver or renal impairment

what indicates further instruction for a client taking theophylline