Pharmacology Chapter 4
What type of practice uses best care practices to improve patient outcomes?
evidence-based practice
Nurses engage in _______ methods of treatment and treatment outcomes for conditions described by nursing diagnoses.
improving
Action provided by nurse by virtue of education and license
independent
Example of an _________ action: Listening to a patient's lung sounds after a respiratory treatment and monitoring laboratory values.
independent
________ nursing actions: Nurse visits and obtains nursing history, verifies drug order, formulates nursing diagnosis.
independent
What type of diagnosis indicates a medical condition?
medical diagnosis
Actual process of carrying out the established plan of care
nursing intervention or implementation
What is the foundation for the clinical practice of nursing?
nursing process
Gained from observations that the nurse makes with the use of physiologic parameters is what type of data?
objective
What is one method that is used to help with a nursing diagnosis
Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Model
Plan which ______ to use based on anticipated patient behavior
intervention
What is a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes (NANDA-1)?
nursing diagnosis
What type of diagnosis indicates a human response pattern that the nurse is licensed to treat?
nursing diagnosis
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Physiologic needs (food, water, shelter, vital signs) Safety needs Belonging needs Self-esteem needs Self-actualization needs
What system provides standardized outcomes and specific indicators to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions?
The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)
____________- problems that require prescriptive orders can be identified and differentiated from solutions that the nurse can implement and that are within the nurse's scope of practice
collaborative
What problem statement is worded as a potential complication
collaborative problem
What is different from nursing diagnoses when the intervention used is to prevent or treat a problem and statement is worded with potential complication in the diagnosis
collaborative problems
Nursing treatments/methods of risk-factor reduction can resolve ______
condition
________ measures are measures of care that are tracked to show how often hospitals and healthcare providers use the care recommendations identified by evidence-based practice standards for patients who are being treated for conditions such as heart attack, heart failure, and pneumonia or for patients who are undergoing surgery.
core
Handwritten care plans are being replaced by ______ pathways, which are standardized, automated care plans that integrate standards, interventions, goals, and outcomes into the patient's electronic health record.
critical
Nurses assume ________ for research required to clearly identify the defining characteristics and causative factors
responsibility
Always remember the ____ of administration
rights
What type of nursing diagnosis is patient may be more susceptible to a particular problem
risk/high risk
What type of source is relatives, significant others, medical records, lab reports?
secondary
Identify problems and prioritize which ones are more important and must be attended to first, depending on patient needs
setting priorities
We should write ___ and ___ term goals for the patient to be followed when providing care
short and long
Pieces of information provided by the patient is what type of data?
subjective
What type of nursing diagnosis clusters signs and symptoms to predict certain circumstances or events?
syndrome
What type of literature to provide background information, diagnostic test, diet?
tertiary
What type of outcomes are developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the care given?
therapeutic
When planning, you should ___ that the scheduling of administration of medicine is based on the provider's orders
check
What type of nursing diagnosis has only one part label?
health promotion and wellness
Problems can be prioritized based on how they affect _______
homeostasis
How many times should you verify an order?
3
Which piece of information obtained during a patient assessment is a subjective finding? a)Patient states, "I have pain in my abdomen." b)Temperature of 38.5° C c)400 mL of clear, yellow urine Blood pressure of 116/74 mm Hg
A
______ _________ practice uses research to impact nursing practice changes; the interventions used in the research findings can be implemented into care plans
Evidence based
How can you teach patients in the planning period?
Keep written response records Techniques of self-administration as needed Proper storage and refilling of medications
Evaluation procedure for determining therapeutic outcomes of drug therapy include:
Assessing patient responses to medications Determining signs and symptoms of recurring illness Assessing any adverse effects Determining the patient's ability to receive education and self-administer medication, as well as the potential for compliance
What does the nursing process involve?
Assessment Nursing Diagnosis Planning Nursing intervention or implementation Evaluation and recording therapeutic outcomes
How does a nursing diagnosis differ from a medical diagnosis? a)A nursing diagnosis concerns a disease that impairs physiologic function. b)A nursing diagnosis evaluates a patient's response to actual or potential health problems. c)A nursing diagnosis determines the rate of Medicare reimbursement. d)A nursing diagnosis does not consider potential future problems.
B
What is the foundation for the clinical practice of nursing? a. Assessment b. Nursing process c. Planning d. Evaluation e. Implementation
B
A clinical judgment that a person is more susceptible to a particular problem than others in the same situation is defined as which type of nursing diagnosis? a)Actual b)Health promotion/wellness c)Risk/high risk d)Syndrome
C
Which is an independent nursing action? a)Orders medications based on the patient's medical diagnosis b)Orders laboratory tests depending on the medications ordered c)Chooses an alternate route for medications if indicated d)Verifies the correct route of medication administration
D
The following should be included in a patient response record:
Drug name, dosage, route, time of administration, all adverse effects, doses missed, and reason.
Reasons for obtaining a drug history are to:
Evaluate need for medication Obtain current and past use of over-the-counter medication Identify problems related to drug therapy
________ process involves patient, family, and significant others who provide feedback and help determine goals
Evaluation
Nurses can use ______ hierarchy of needs to perform the priority setting of an individual patient's needs.
Maslow's
One system for prioritizing problems is _____ hierarch of needs
Maslow's
All care is evaluated against:
Nursing diagnoses (goal statements) Nursing interventions Patient responses
How to formulate a nursing diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis related to (medical diagnosis) as evidenced by (symptoms)
Nurses prepare the prescribed medications using procedures to ensure patient safety by:
Select correct supplies (syringes, etc.) Verify all aspects before preparation Collect appropriate data to serve as baseline for later assessments Administer medication by correct route Document all aspects of administration Implement actions to minimize expected side effects Educate patient as appropriate
Four phases of a nursing care plan include
Setting priorities Developing measurable goal/outcome statements Formulating nursing interventions Formulating anticipated therapeutic outcomes
What system provides scientifically validated nursing interventions to treat a diagnosis?
The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
_______ outcomes can be used by the student to identify the outcomes anticipated from the use of the drugs listed in a particular classification
Therapeutic
Primary patient information may be unreliable or patients may be poor historians.
True
Tertiary source information may not apply to all patients' needs.
True
An actual nursing diagnosis consists of a three-part statement that
Uses a NANDA-I diagnostic label Has contributing factors Defines characteristics
Nurses assume ________ for outcomes within scope of nursing practice
accountability
What type of nursing diagnosis is based on human responses and supported by defining characteristics
actual
What is an ongoing process that starts with admission and continues until the patient is discharged from care?
assessment
What is the comprehensive collection of data that includes the physical examination, nursing history, medication history, and professional observation?
assessment
What is the first step in the nursing process?
assessment
Action performed by a nurse based on health care provider's orders
dependent
Example of a ________ action: Administering an antibiotic every 6 hours as ordered (but can still require the nurse's professional judgment).
dependent
______ nursing actions: Directly related to the orders that are written by the healthcare provider.
dependent
The nursing _______ determines what the nursing interventions will be, based on defining characteristics gathered from the assessment.
diagnosis
Nursing diagnoses often can be formulated based on the patient's _____ therapy
drug
Final phase of five-step nursing process Involves nurse determining whether the expected outcomes were met Recognizes the successful completion of previously established goals Provides a means for the input of new significant data that indicate the development of additional problems or lack of therapeutic responsiveness
evaluation
Application of data from scientific research to make clinical decisions about individual patient care
evidence-based practice
Goal is to improve patient outcomes by implementing best practices evolved from scientific studies
evidence-based practice
What is the process of collecting additional data specific to a patient or family that validates a suggested problem or nursing diagnosis
focused assessment
Measurable ______ statement: Starts with an action word that is followed by behavior or behaviors to be performed by patient or the patient's family within a specific amount of time
goal
All goals and outcome statements must be ______ and based on patient's abilities
individualized
Action implemented with the cooperation of a team
interdependent
Example of an _________ action: Monitoring a patient's heart rate and rhythm while the patient is receiving antidysrhythmic therapy.
interdependent
________ nursing actions: Baseline and subsequent focused assessments that are valuable for establishing therapeutic goals, the duration of therapy, the detection of drug toxicity, and the frequency of reevaluation.
interdependent
Nursing _________: Meeting the physical needs of the patient, providing for patient safety, monitoring for potential complications, assessing and evaluating to identify changes in the patient's needs
interventions
What type of diagnosis is a statement of the patient's alterations in structure and function, and this results in the diagnosis of a disease or disorder that impairs normal physiologic functions.
medical
Conditions described by ______ diagnoses can be accurately identified by nursing assessment methods
nursing
What is the written or computer-generated document that evolves from planning process.
nursing care plan
What are the two most important things to consider with nursing intervention or implementation
physical needs and safety of the patient
What confirms the recommended dosage and route of medication?
planning
What is identifying the therapeutic intent and common and serious adverse effects
planning
What type source is: produced by patient
primary