Pharmacology - Chapter 56 - Dermatologic Drugs
A patient who is prescribed the drug miconazole, a topical antifungal, has most likely been diagnosed with which condition? 1 Pruritus 2 Eczema 3 Folliculitis 4 Candidiasis
4 Candidiasis Miconazole is used in the treatment of candidiasis, which is commonly known as a yeast infection. It is not used for the treatment of pruritus, eczema, or folliculitis.
Which exocrine glands are present in the layers of the skin? Select all that apply. 1 Eccrine glands 2 Salivary glands 3 Apocrine glands 4 Mammary glands 5 Sebaceous glands
1 Eccrine glands 3 Apocrine glands 5 Sebaceous glands The dermis of the skin consists of exocrine glands, which include eccrine glands. These glands help to regulate body temperature and prevent skin dryness. The apocrine glands secrete substances that emit an odor. Sebaceous glands secrete substances that lubricate and protect the skin. The salivary glands are located in the buccal cavity and secrete saliva. Mammary glands are located in the breast.
The nurse is providing wound care to a patient who has a stage III pressure ulcer. Place in correct order interventions the nurse would perform while dressing the wound. 1. Apply a cleansing agent. 2. Apply the rinsing solution. 3. Apply an antibacterial drug. 4. Perform a debridement procedure.
1, 4, 2, 3, Wound cleansing involves the process of gently using fluids to remove loosely adherent debris and necrotized tissue from the wound to promote healing. Pressure ulcers often contain dead tissues and bacteria. Debridement can aid the wound healing process. It is a natural process that involves the removal of damaged and dead tissues, debris, and bacteria from the wound. It helps in minimizing the risk of infection and in promoting new tissue growth. A rinsing solution to clean the affected area should be applied before the application of the drug. Application of a topical medication such as an antibacterial drug should be done at the end, after properly cleaning the wound, to facilitate effective drug absorption.
Which dermatologic disorder is characterized by the presence of abnormal lesions and nodules in the epidermal layer of the skin? 1 Actinic keratosis 2 Basal cell carcinoma 3 Malignant melanoma 4 Squamous cell carcinoma
2 Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinomas are characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions that arise in the skin's basal cells. These cells line the deepest layer of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). They are usually caused by a combination of cumulative ultraviolet exposure and are rarely metastatic. Actinic keratosis is formed by the gradual development and localized thickening of the outer layers of the skin and results from long-term and prolonged exposure to the sun. Malignant melanoma is a type of cancer arising from the melanocyte cells of the skin. It is caused by uncontrolled division of melanocytes. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from squamous cells, which are flat cells lining many areas of the body. They begin as a small nodule and enlarge to turn into an ulcer.
The nurse is assessing a patient with plaque psoriasis who has been prescribed ustekinumab. The nurse will teach this patient about which increased risk associated with this drug? 1 Seizures 2 Infections 3 Folliculitis 4 Neurotoxicity
2 Infections Ustekinumab increases the risk of infections by lowering immunity. Ustekinumab does not cause seizures or neurotoxicity. Patients who are administered lindane have a risk of seizures and neurotoxicity because of the prolonged application or overusage of the drug. Folliculitis is the most serious side effect of calcipotriene, which is used to treat plaque psoriasis.
Which drug acts by inhibiting sebaceous gland activity? 1 Tretinoin 2 Isotretinoin 3 Benzoyl peroxide 4 Neomycin and polymyxin B
2 Isotretinoin Isotretinoin is an oral product that inhibits the activity of sebaceous glands and has antikeratinizing and antiinflammatory effects. Tretinoin reduces the free fatty acid levels of the skin. Benzoyl peroxide acts by slowly and continuously releasing active oxygen in the skin. Neomycin and polymyxin B are two broad-spectrum antibiotics used for minor skin wounds.
Which type of cells comprises the germinative layer of the epidermis? 1 Flat cells 2 Keratin cells 3 Melanin cells 4 Granulated cells
3 Melanin cells The germinative layer of the epidermis is composed of melanin cells, which are new skin cells that are germinated from this layer. These cells determine the skin's color. Flat cells are translucent and located in the clear layer of the epidermis. Keratin cells are dead skin cells present in the horny layer of the epidermis, which helps in protection. Granulated cells are located in the granular layer of the epidermis.
The nurse is caring for a patient with actinic keratosis who has been prescribed fluorouracil. Which instruction would the nurse include in the discharge instructions for this patient? 1 "You should avoid the intake of legumes and meat." 2 "Do not apply moisturizers while applying this cream." 3 "Use only metallic applicators when applying the cream." 4 "Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors."
4 "Use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when outdoors." Photosensitivity is an adverse effect of fluorouracil, and exposure to the sun can cause severe burns. Therefore the patient should be instructed to use sunscreen and wear protective clothing when going outdoors. Fluorouracil causes adverse effects such as stomatitis and inflammation in the mouth, which occur because of a dietary protein deficiency. Therefore the patient should eat high-protein foods such as legumes and meat. Dermatitis is caused by the adverse effect of the drug fluorouracil. It causes inflammation of the skin that is characterized by itching and can be treated by applying moisturizers. Fluorouracil cream can be applied with a nonmetallic applicator, clean fingertips, or fingered gloves. Metallic applicators must not be used because the metals may interact with the ingredients in the cream and cause adverse effects through drug interaction.
Which medication is useful in the prevention and treatment of topical infections caused by burns and surgery? 1 Lindane 2 Imiquimod 3 Calcipotriene 4 Povidone-iodine
4 Povidone-iodine Povidone-iodine is an antiseptic medication. It is useful for the treatment and prevention of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that are caused by burns and surgeries. Lindane is useful for the treatment of pediculosis and scabies. Imiquimod has an immunomodulating effect. It is used for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Calcipotriene is a synthetic vitamin D3 analog that helps to regulate the growth and reproduction of keratinocytes.
The nurse is assessing a patient with acne who has been prescribed benzoyl peroxide. Which bacterial infection would the nurse suspect in the patient? 1 Clostridium infection 2 Staphylococcus aureus infection 3 Streptococcus pyogenes infection 4 Propionibacterium acnes infection
4 Propionibacterium acnes infection The microorganism Propionibacterium acnes, which causes acne, is an anaerobic bacterium. It needs an environment poor in oxygen to grow. Benzoyl peroxide is effective in combating such infection because it releases active oxygen slowly and continuously into the skin. This creates an environment that is unfavorable for the continued growth of the P. acnes bacteria, thus leading to their death. Clostridium is the bacteria that causes local skin infections. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the bacteria that cause common skin disorders such as folliculitis, impetigo, furuncles, carbuncles, papules, pustules, vesicles, and cellulitis.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed clotrimazole for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. How will this drug be administered? 1 Insert 100- and 500-mg vaginal tablets. 2 Administer a 10-mg oral topical lozenge. 3 Insert 100- and 200-mg vaginal suppositories. 4 Apply a 2% aerosol spray topical formulation. 00:00:14 Question Answer Confidence ButtonsJust a guessPretty sureNailed it
1 Insert 100- and 500-mg vaginal tablets. The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to insert 100- and 500-mg vaginal tablets into the vagina for the treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. A 10-mg oral topical lozenge should be administered to infants who have oropharyngeal candidiasis. This medication is not used to treat vaginal trichomoniasis in adults. Both 100- and 200-mg vaginal suppositories must be inserted into the vagina to treat yeast infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis. A formulation of 2% topical aerosol spray can be prescribed to treat topical vaginal infections; however, it is not used to treat systemic vaginal infections.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a circular red mark on the foot. Which drug would the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient? 1 Nystatin 2 Butenafine 3 Butoconazole 4 Ciclopirox olamine 00:00:02 Question Answer Confidence ButtonsJust a guessPretty sureNailed it
2 Butenafine The circular marks on the foot might be tinea pedis. Butenafine is indicated for the treatment of tinea pedis. Nystatin is used in the treatment of candidiasis. Butoconazole is a vaginal cream that is indicated for the treatment of candidiasis. Ciclopirox olamine is used in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
A health care provider prescribes tazarotene for a patient with plaque psoriasis. Which action would the nurse follow while administering the medication to the patient? 1 Check the patient's blood pressure after administering the drug. 2 Check the patient's pregnancy test before administering the drug. 3 Check the patient's respiratory rate before administering the drug. 4 Check for the presence of minor skin irritations after administering the drug.
2 Check the patient's pregnancy test before administering the drug. Tazarotene is prescribed for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. It is classified as a pregnancy category X drug. Therefore a negative pregnancy test 2 weeks before starting therapy is required for female patients because the drug can result in birth defects. Unlike minoxidil, tazarotene does not reduce blood pressure. Therefore blood pressure need not be monitored immediately after administering the medication. Tazarotene does not produce respiratory depression. Hence it is not mandatory to check the patient's respiratory rate before administering the medication. Before administering the drug, the nurse would check whether the patient is allergic to any of the drugs to help prevent a hypersensitive reaction.
The nurse is caring for a patient with anogenital warts who has a history of skin cancer. Which medication will the nurse expect to be prescribed? 1 Minoxidil 2 Imiquimod 3 Collagenase 4 Fluorouracil
2 Imiquimod A health care provider would prescribe imiquimod for the treatment of anogenital warts. Because the patient has a history of skin cancer, this antineoplastic drug would be effective. Minoxidil is prescribed for the treatment of hypertension (systemic) and to stimulate hair growth (topical). Collagenase is used to clean wounds. It is not prescribed for the treatment of anogenital warts. Fluorouracil is prescribed for the treatment of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma but not for the treatment of anogenital warts.
Which statement would the nurse make to the patient's family regarding the patient with scabies? 1 "Avoid giving milk and dairy products to the patient." 2 "Avoid using insecticide sprays to prevent suffocation." 3 "Avoid direct contact, and do not use personal articles of the patient." 4 "Avoid talking with the patient because scabies is an airborne disease."
3 "Avoid direct contact, and do not use personal articles of the patient." Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a communicable disease and is transmitted by direct contact with the patient. The nurse would inform the patient's family to avoid sleeping beside the patient and using the personal articles of the patient to prevent the spread of infection. During infections, the patient may be fatigued and may need to eat food high in calories and protein. Therefore the nurse would suggest giving milk and dairy products to the patient. Because the infection is caused by scabies mites, the nurse would suggest using insecticide sprays to eradicate the mites (disease-causing pathogens). Scabies is not an airborne disease; therefore the patient's family can talk with the patient.
A patient is prescribed bacitracin topical ointment. Which condition does the nurse suspect as the possible diagnosis based on the medication prescribed? 1 Viral infection 2 Fungal infection 3 Parasitic infection 4 Bacterial infection
4 Bacterial infection Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic that is applied topically for the treatment or prevention of local skin infections caused by susceptible aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci, streptococci, anaerobic cocci, corynebacteria, and clostridia.It would not be prescribed for a viral, fungal, or parasitic infection.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving clindamycin treatment for acne. Which is an adverse reaction of the drug that the nurse would expect? 1 Crusted skin 2 Blistering of the skin 3 Local inflammatory reactions 4 Burning and itching of the skin
4 Burning and itching of the skin The adverse reactions to clindamycin include minor local skin reactions, such as burning and itching. Crusted skin is a common adverse reaction of tretinoin. A patient might experience blistering of the skin if the patient is allergic to benzoyl peroxide. Local inflammatory reactions are adverse reactions of tretinoin.
Which drug is prescribed for a patient with tinea versicolor? 1 Nystatin 2 Butenafine 3 Terbinafine 4 Ciclopiroxolamine
4 Ciclopiroxolamine Ciclopiroxolamine is indicated for tinea versicolor, dermatophytoses, and candidiasis. Nystatin is indicated for candidiasis. Butenafine is used in the treatment of tinea pedis. Terbinafine is used to treat patients with dermatophytoses.
The patient reports blistering and swelling of the skin after using prescribed benzoyl peroxide for acne. Which nursing action is a priority? 1 Instruct the patient to apply the medication every 2 hours daily. 2 Inform the patient that swelling is a common side effect of the drug. 3 Inform the patient that blisters indicate that the drug is showing its action. 4 Instruct the patient to immediately consult the primary health care provider.
4 Instruct the patient to immediately consult the primary health care provider. The nurse instructs the patient to immediately consult the primary health care provider because blistering or swelling of the skin is generally considered an allergic reaction to the product. Applying the medication every 2 hours can be considered overusage of the drug, resulting in pain and reddening of the skin. These conditions can be resolved by using the drug as prescribed. Swelling and blistering are not common side effects of this medication. Blistering is an allergic reaction; it does not indicate the therapeutic effect of the drug.
While assessing a patient with a skin infection, a nurse finds that the patient has hyperpigmentation and scaly skin. Which medication does the nurse expect the health care provider will prescribe? 1 Tolnaftate 2 Butenafine 3 Terbinafine 4 Miconazole
4 Miconazole Malassezia furfur is the cause of tinea versicolor, a yeast infection that precipitates mild, scaly, hypo and hyperpigmented patches on the skin. Therefore the antifungal topical formulation miconazole would be prescribed to combat this yeast infection. Tolnaftate and terbinafine are topical antifungal formulations prescribed for the treatment of dermatophytoses caused by dermatophytes. Butenafine is prescribed for the treatment of athlete's foot, or tinea pedis.
The nurse is caring for a patient with asthma who has a skin infection characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, and scaly skin. Which medication does the health care provider prescribe to treat the skin infection? 1 Miconazole 2 Fluorouracil 3 Ustekinumab 4 Pimecrolimus
4 Pimecrolimus The presence of erythema, papules, vesicles pruritus, and scaly skin indicates that the patient has atopic dermatitis. It commonly occurs in patients suffering from asthma, allergic rhinitis, and hay fever. The primary health care provider should prescribe pimecrolimus for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Miconazole is commonly prescribed for the treatment of dermatophytoses, superficial mycoses, and cutaneous candidiasis. Fluorouracil can be prescribed for the treatment of actinic keratosis associated with sunburn. Ustekinumab is prescribed for the treatment of plaque psoriasis that is manifested by the presence of large, dry, erythematous, scaling patches of the skin.
When planning care for a burn patient, the nurse would anticipate applying which topical medication? 1 Lindane 2 Minoxidil 3 Erythromycin 4 Silver sulfadiazine
4 Silver sulfadiazine Silver sulfadiazine is a topical antiinfective drug used to treat and prevent infection in second- and third-degree burns. Lindane is effective in treating both scabies and pediculosis. Minoxidil is applied to the scalp to stimulate hair growth. Erythromycin is an antiacne drug.
The nurse is assessing a patient with acne who has been prescribed isotretinoin. Which instruction would the nurse give to the patient to ensure safe administration of this medication? 1 "You should not become pregnant while using this drug." 2 "You should not use oral contraceptives while using this drug." 3 "You should continue the drug for 1 month after becoming pregnant." 4 "You should use only one contraceptive method while using this drug."
1 "You should not become pregnant while using this drug." Isotretinoin is categorized as a pregnancy category X drug. It causes birth defects because of its close resemblance to retinoic acid, a natural vitamin A derivative that controls normal embryonic development. The nurse would inform the patient to avoid becoming pregnant while using this medication to prevent the teratogenic effects of the drug. The nurse would also inform the patient to take oral contraceptives during and 1 month after the completion of the therapy. The medication can cause fetal abnormalities at all stages of pregnancy. Hence, the nurse would advise the patient not to take this medication at any stage of pregnancy. The nurse would teach the patient to use at least two reliable contraceptive methods while taking isotretinoin because the drug induces birth defects.
Which phrase describes the main function of melanin? 1 Absorb radiation 2 Strengthen the skin 3 Cause the skin to be cooler 4 Increase the amount of blood vessels
1 Absorb radiation Melanin is a color pigment in the skin that is produced by melanocytes and absorbs radiation, thus giving protection. Connective tissue strengthens the skin. Eccrine glands regulate body temperature. Melanin has no role in growth, so it does not increase the amount of blood vessels.
Isotretinoin and tretinoin are common dermatologic drugs used to treat which condition? 1 Acne 2 Keloid scarring 3 Fungal infections 4 Male pattern baldness
1 Acne Isotretinoin and tretinoin are effective topical treatments for acne vulgaris, not keloid scarring, fungal infections, or male pattern baldness. Isotretinoin inhibits sebaceous gland activity, and tretinoin stimulates the turnover of epidermal cells, resulting in skin peeling.
Which phrase describes the characteristics of the aerosol foam formulation? 1 Can cover a large area 2 Is desirable for dry lesions 3 Promotes drying of wounds 4 Can be applied on tender skin
1 Can cover a large area Aerosol foams can cover a large area and are useful for delivering a drug into body cavities such as the vagina and rectum, as well as on areas covered by hair. Ointments are desirable for dry lesions because of their occlusiveness. Powders promote the drying of areas where they are applied. Aerosol sprays are used when the skin is tender to touch.
Which epidermal layer of skin consists of flat cells? 1 Clear layer 2 Horny layer 3 Granular layer 4 Germinative layer
1 Clear layer The stratum lucidum, also called the clear layer, is the translucent layer of the skin that contains flat cells. The stratum corneum, also called the horny layer, consists of keratin cells. The stratum granulosum, also called the granular layer, consists of granulated cells. The stratum germinativum, also called the germinative layer, consists of melanocytes.
A patient with psoriasis has been prescribed corticosteroids. Which side effects may occur with this medication? Select all that apply. 1 Dermatitis 2 Folliculitis 3 Candidiasis 4 Dermatoses 5 Dermatophytoses
1 Dermatitis 2 Folliculitis The adverse effects of topical antiinflammatory drugs that contain corticosteroids include a variety of skin reactions such as dermatitis and folliculitis. Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin, and folliculitis is the inflammation of hair follicles. Candidiasis is not an adverse effect caused by the administration of corticosteroids; it is a fungal infection. Dermatoses are a disorder involving lesions on the skin. Corticosteroids do not cause dermatoses; rather, these drugs relieve inflammatory and pruritic dermatoses. Dermatophytoses is a superficial fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nails caused by dermatophytes.
Which medication will the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for a patient diagnosed with impetigo? 1 Mupirocin 2 Isotretinoin 3 Retinoic acid 4 Benzoyl peroxide
1 Mupirocin Impetigo is a skin disorder caused by bacteria; it is treated with a topical antibacterial agent, mupirocin. Isotretinoin, retinoic acid, and benzoyl peroxide are used to treat acne rather than impetigo.
Which antifungal drug would the nurse expect to be prescribed for an infant showing signs of thrush? 1 Nystatin 2 Miconazole 3 Ketoconazole 4 Butoconazole
1 Nystatin Oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is common in infants because of fungal infections. An infant who shows signs of thrush should be prescribed nystatin for treatment. Azole anesthetic, antipruritic, antipsoriatic, and other miscellaneous dermatologic drugs such as miconazole, ketoconazole, or butoconazole may be prescribed only for adults who report other types of candidiasis, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis or cutaneous candidiasis.
The nurse is caring for a patient with a skin infection who has been prescribed corticosteroids. Which action would the nurse take before applying the medication? Select all that apply. 1 Palpate the patient's skin to detect erythema. 2 Inspect the affected skin under a light source. 3 Cover the affected skin with cotton mesh pads. 4 Assess whether the patient has suicidal intentions. 5 Administer saline to the patient before applying the medication.
1 Palpate the patient's skin to detect erythema. 2 Inspect the affected skin under a light source. The nurse would palpate the skin to detect erythema in a patient with dark-colored skin because it may not be visually identifiable. This helps the nurse apply the medication at the appropriate site. Before applying medication, the nurse would inspect the affected skin under a light source. This helps to identify the area of infection and the type of rash. The nurse would not cover the wounds with a cotton mesh before applying the drug because the drug may not reach its site of action. Therefore dressing must be done only after applying medication. The assessment of suicidal intention is done during crisis intervention. The nurse would not administer saline to the patient unless prescribed by a primary health care provider.
The nurse is assessing a patient with acne and hyperpigmentation. The nurse learns that the patient works outdoors. Which drug will the nurse expect to be a part of the treatment plan? 1 Tretinoin 2 Mupirocin 3 Clindamycin 4 Benzoyl peroxide
1 Tretinoin Tretinoin is a vitamin A derivative. It is prescribed for the treatment of acne and hyperpigmentation caused by sun damage. It stimulates the production of new epidermal cells and repairs tissue damage. Mupirocin is an antibacterial product. It is prescribed for the treatment of impetigo, which is caused by staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria. Clindamycin is a systemic antibiotic. It shows bacteriostatic activity by killing the bacteria colonizing the skin infection. It is used for the treatment of acne caused by bacterial infection. Benzoyl peroxide combats infection by continuously releasing active oxygen into the skin. Therefore it is prescribed for the treatment of acne caused by an anaerobic bacterium such as Propionibacterium acnes.
The nursing student is caring for a victim with burns. The clinical co-coordinator has instructed the student nurse to apply silver sulfadiazine cream to the patient's wounds. Which phrases describe the most appropriate nursing actions by the nursing student? Select all that apply. 1 Use sterile gloves while applying the cream. 2 Apply the cream gently on the wound debris. 3 Clean the wounds gently before applying the cream. 4 Avoid washing the hands before applying the cream. 5 Inform the patient that itching is a common adverse effect.
1 Use sterile gloves while applying the cream. 3 Clean the wounds gently before applying the cream. 5 Inform the patient that itching is a common adverse effect. The nurse would wear gloves while applying medication on the wounds to prevent infection. The wound should be cleansed and debrided before applying the medication. It promotes effective absorption of the cream. The nurse would inform the patient about the adverse effects of the medication to help prevent anxiety and panic in the patient. The adverse effects of silver sulfadiazine cream are itching, burning, and pain. If the nurse applies the medication on the wound debris, the drug may not show effective therapeutic action because of impaired absorption. The nurse would wash her hands before and after applying the cream to help eradicate germs and prevent cross-contamination.
Which antibiotic is used to treat acne vulgaris by acting on the dermal layer of the skin? 1 Tretinoin 2 Isotretinoin 3 Clindamycin 4 Benzoyl peroxide
2 Isotretinoin Isotretinoin is prescribed for the treatment of acne vulgaris; it acts by inhibiting the activity of the sebaceous glands in the dermal layer of the skin. Tretinoin treats acne vulgaris by stimulating turnover of epidermal cells. It also reduces the levels of free fatty acid in the skin and of horny cells in the outer epidermis. Clindamycin treats acne vulgaris through its bacteriostatic activity. Benzoyl peroxide has keratolytic actions and acts on epidermal layers of the skin.
The nurse is assessing a patient who has inflammation and a burning sensation in the lower back. During the assessment, the nurse finds the presence of sharply demarcated, scaling plaques. Which condition may the nurse suspect the patient has based on these findings? 1 Scabies 2 Psoriasis 3 Dermatitis 4 Candidiasis
2 Psoriasis Psoriasis is characterized by the presence of lesions that are covered with silvery white scales. These lesions are symmetrically distributed and commonly occur on the scalp, elbows, nails, and lower back. Nail dystrophies and pitting occur in some patients. Scabies is a parasitic infection caused by Sarcoptes scabiei; patients will have skin irritation and an itching sensation, and the lesions appear in the interdigital web space or in the space between the fingers and the toes. In contact dermatitis the lesions are itchy, erythematous, and edematous. In candidiasis, patients have a diffuse papular erythematous rash instead of scaling plaques.
Which roles are the physiologic functions of the skin? Select all that apply. 1 Digestion 2 Sensation 3 Protection 4 Absorption 5 Circulation
2 Sensation 3 Protection 4 Absorption The major physiologic functions of skin are sensation, protection, and absorption. The skin is supplied by many nerves. This helps in sensation by sending impulses from heat, cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and tissue injury. The skin acts as a protective barrier for the internal organs and protects against harmful external agents such as microorganisms and chemicals. Exchange of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide takes place through the pores present on the skin. Medications that are applied on the skin enter into the body through the pores by diffusion. Therefore the skin has a significant role in absorption. The skin does not have any role in digestion because it does not secrete digestive enzymes. The skin has no role in promoting circulation.
A male patient has been ordered clotrimazole after a diagnosis of jock itch. Which technical name would the nurse use to document the diagnosis on the chart (and the reason the patient has been prescribed this medication)? 1 Tinea pedis 2 Tinea cruris 3 Tinea capitis 4 Tinea corporis
2 Tinea cruris Infections caused by dermatophytes are called tinea, or ringworm, infections. Tinea infections are identified by the body location where they occur: tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (foot), tinea capitis (scalp), and tinea corporis (body). Tinea infections of the foot are also known as athlete's foot and those of the groin as jock itch.
The nurse is caring for a patient with vulvovaginal candidiasis who has been prescribed miconazole. Which instruction will the nurse expect the primary health care provider to give? 1 "Apply 5 g of 2% powder once daily at bedtime for 7 days." 2 "Apply 2 g of 5% vaginal cream once daily at bedtime for 7 days." 3 "Insert a 200-mg vaginal suppository once daily at bedtime for 3 days." 4 "Insert one 100-mg vaginal suppository once daily at bedtime for 3 days."
3 "Insert a 200-mg vaginal suppository once daily at bedtime for 3 days." The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to insert one 200-mg suppository in the vagina once daily at bedtime for 3 consecutive days. Suppositories are effective in the treatment of yeast infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis. Powders are generally used to treat superficial mycoses and dermatophytoses. The nurse would be instructed to apply 5 g of the 2% cream once daily at bedtime for 7 days to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis; 2 g of 5% vaginal cream would not be effective because of inadequate dosing.
Which drug acts by liberating active oxygen in the skin? 1 Mupirocin 2 Clindamycin 3 Benzoyl peroxide 4 Silver sulfadiazine
3 Benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide slowly and continuously liberates active oxygen in the skin, which results in antibacterial, antiseptic, drying, and keratolytic actions. Mupirocin is an antibacterial used for the treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal impetigo. Clindamycin is a topical form of systemic antibiotic. Silver sulfadiazine is used in the prevention and treatment of infections related to burns.
A patient with pruritus reports a skin rash in the submammary folds. After assessment, the nurse finds a diffuse papular erythematous rash with pinpoint satellite lesions around the edges of the affected area. Which drug would the nurse expect to be added to the treatment plan? 1 Tolnaftate 2 Miconazole 3 Clotrimazole 4 Undecylenic acid
3 Clotrimazole Infection caused by Candida albicans is known as candidiasis. C. albicans resides in warm, moist areas of the skin and the mucous membranes. The infection is found in the oral cavity and the vagina, and on skin areas such as beneath the breasts. Candidiasis appears as a diffuse papular erythematous rash with pinpoint satellite lesions around the edges of the affected area. Clotrimazole is used in the treatment of candidiasis. Tolnaftate, miconazole, and undecylenic acid are used in the treatment of dermatophytoses. These drugs are not used in the treatment of candidiasis.
Which skin preparations are effective for preventing and treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections? Select all that apply. 1 Collagenase 2 Chlorhexidine 3 Povidone-iodine 4 Isopropyl alcohol 5 Benzalkonium chloride
3 Povidone-iodine 4 Isopropyl alcohol Povidone-iodine and isopropyl alcohol are the skin preparations that are effective for preventing and treating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Collagenase is used for cleaning wounds with granulation. Chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride are effective for preventing and treating bacterial and fungal infections.
The nurse is assessing a patient with a skin infection who has been taking aloe for many years. The nurse would expect that the patient may have an increased risk of which condition? 1 Seizures 2 Infections 3 Renal failure 4 Neurotoxicity
3 Renal failure The patient who takes aloe may have increased risk of renal failure because aloe causes nephritis. Therefore it is contraindicated in patients with renal diseases. Aloe does not affect neuronal firing and does not alter neurotransmitter levels. Therefore a patient who is taking aloe does not have increased risk of seizures. Unlike ustekinumab, aloe does not suppress the immune system. Hence, the patient may not have increased risk of infections by taking aloe. The patient may have increased risk of neurotoxicity by taking lindane but not aloe.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is on isotretinoin treatment. Which cautionary factor does the nurse warn the patient about while using this medication? 1 Skin oiliness 2 Skin swelling 3 Risk to the fetus in pregnancy 4 Alteration in skin pigmentation
3 Risk to the fetus in pregnancy Isotretinoin is a pregnancy category X drug, which is proven to be a human teratogen. Female patients should be warned not to get pregnant while using this drug. Patients who are on clindamycin may experience oiliness of the skin. Patients on benzoyl peroxide treatment may experience swelling or blistering of the skin, which is an allergic reaction to the drug and is an indication that the treatment should be stopped. Patients on tretinoin treatment may experience temporary alterations in skin pigmentation.
Which role is the main function of the eccrine glands? 1 Perspiration 2 Pain sensation 3 Thermal insulation 4 Thermal regulation
4 Thermal regulation Thermal regulation is the main function of eccrine glands, where sweat is excreted through the pores of the skin. Perspiration is the process through which fluids are secreted by the sweat glands; thus sweating allows thermal regulation in the body. Sensation of pain is the primary function of the skin but not of eccrine glands in the dermal layer. Thermal insulation is the function of the hypodermis, which creates an insulating layer against heat loss.
