Pharmacology Exam 3 review

Which category of medications is used for peripheral vascular diseases characterized by excessive vasoconstriction, such as Raynaud's disease?

Alpha Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Precautions taken in a patient to receive atenolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

Apical pulse rate of 58 and notes ankle edema..WITHHOLD the MEDICATION

The healthcare provider has prescribed penicillin and probenecid for a patient with a sexually transmitted disease. What is the purpose of combining these medications?

To inhibit the excretion of the penicillin

What information will the nurse include in the discharge teaching to a patient taking Pyridium?

Urine will appear reddish orange (undergoing prostate surgery)

The nurse will monitor patients on cephalosporins and loop diuretics for which adverse effect?

Nephrotoxicity

What adverse effect may manifest as dizziness, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss?

Ototoxicity

Precautions used in taking anticholinergic agent.

Patient disoriented and hallucinating..provide for patients safety.

Which drug would assist in relieving symptoms of bladder pain and spasm in a patient with a UTI?

Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride (Pyridium)

Which condition will neostigmine be used to treat?

Postoperative or postdelivery urinary retention

What may become discolored by phenazopyridine (Pyridium) in addition to the urine?

Sclera

Which conditions may occur with the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics over an extended period of time?

Secondary Infection

A patient is scheduled to take tetracycline and aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) at the same time. When will the nurse administer the medications to achieve the optimal effects?

Tetracycline 1 hour before Amphojel

What process in the antigen-antibody reaction causes the symptoms of allergies?

The release of histamine

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports having insomnia and a racing heart after starting terbutaline therapy. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?

The symptoms will tend to resolve with continued therapy

Why are beta blockers used cautiously in patients with respiratory conditions?

They may produce severe bronchoconstriction

Why are anticholinergics used in the treatment of Parkinson's?

they inhibit the action of acetylcholine

Which instruction will the nurse include when teaching a patient with seasonal rhinitis and blocked nasal passages about intranasal corticosteroid therapy?

use a nasal decongestant 15 to 30 minutes before adminstration

If the nurse notes inspiratory and expiratory wheezing bilaterally during assessment, the best action for the nurse to take would be to:

withhold the next dose and notify the physician

The urinalysis report is positive for red blood cells, and the blood work shows an elevated white blood cell count. Which medication will the nurse anticipate that the healthcare provider will order?

*42 year old woman-CIPROFLOXACIN (Cipro)

Which topically active aerosol steroids are highly effective for reducing sneezing, nasal itching, stuffiness, and rhinorrhea?

*Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ) *Fluticasone (Flonase) *Flunisolide (Nasarel) *Budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua)

Which adverse effect(s) is/are common when a patient is receiving a cholinergic agent?

*Nausea *Dizziness *Bradycardia

What will the nurse assess to evaluate the effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent? (patient receiving home health care and IV antimicrobial therapy)

*Pain of the right leg *Patient temperature *presence of edema, redness, or swelling in the right lower leg *Complete Blood Count and sedimentation rate laboratory values

The nurse is providing counseling to a patient on cromolyn sodium (Nasalcrom) nasal spray. What will be included.

*The patient should blow nose before nasal instillation *the maximum is six sprays in each nostril daily

Which urinalysis properties are indicative of an infection?

*foul order *pH of 8.2

When does allergic rhinitis occur?

*nasal mucosa becomes inflamed *exposure as a result of an allergen produces inflammation *histamine is released following allergen exposure

Which action(s) is/are true of antihistamines?

*reduce inflammation locally *Antagonize H1 receptors *May be administered orally *are systemically distributed

A patient is being treated with an antimicrobial agent for the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection. What will the teaching consist of?

*refrain from sexual intercourse *fluid should be increased to 2000 to 3000 mL/day *protein should be increased *adequate rest should be encouraged (**I will use a barrier method when having sexual intercourse** this is what needs further teaching)

What time of the day will the nurse instruct the patient to take antihistimines?

45 to 60 minutes before exposure to allergen

Which patient can safely be treated with a fluoroquinolone medication?

A 30-year-old with a fractured tibia

Which nerve endings liberate norepinephrine?

Adrenergic

A patient allergic to penicillin is being evaluated for a gram-negative infection. Which antimicrobial drug class would the healthcare provider be cautious in prescribing because of a possible cross sensitivity and/or allergic reaction?

Cephalosporins

Before the initiation of anticholinergic medications, it is important for the nurse to screen patients for which condition?

Closed Angle Glaucoma

What is the action of the drug tolterodine (Detrol)?

Decreases the urge to void (14-year-old-male)

A patient is seen with a severe allergic reaction to environmental allergens. Which symptom should the nurse prioritize as the most important?

Dyspnea

Which condition would alert the nurse of the need to use beta-adrenergic blockers cautiously?

Emphysema

Which drug is incompatible with heparin?

Gentamicin

Which is a serious adverse effect of decongestants?

Hypertension

How often is fosfomycin (Monurol) usually administered when used in the treatment of UTIs?

In a one-time dose

Which drug is the cornerstone of treatment for prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB)?

Isoniazid (Nydrazid)

Which medication will the nurse administer to a patient that c/o allergy to grass?

antihistamine (patient at sports camp)

What is the action of urinary antimicrobial agents?

antiseptic effect on the urine and the urinary tract

What initiates the sneeze reflex?

irritation of the nasal mucosa by foreign particulate matter.

What occurs in the nasal structures when cholinergic fibers are stimulated?

production of serous and mucous secretions in the nostrils

What can result if a patient overuses topical decongestants?

secondary congestion

On what is the selection of an antimicrobial agent based?

sensitivity of the microorganism to the drug