Pharmacology Exam 3 Study Questions Set Two

Prepare for the administration of lidocaine

. A client in the emergency department is unresponsive and the ECG indicates ventricular tachycardia. Emergency resuscitation has begun. What is the nurse's best action with regard to medication administration?

Diltiazem.

. A client is diagnosed with Prinzmetal's angina. What drug would the nurse expect to administer to this client?

The client sweats excessively on the job.

. A client who works on road construction has been diagnosed with hypertension. After attempting to decrease his blood pressure with lifestyle changes and a mild diuretic, it is determined that he will need to be placed on an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. In an effort to prevent adverse effects, the nurse should address what client variable?

Acetazolamide

. A client with glaucoma has been prescribed a diuretic. What drug does the nurse suspect that the client will be prescribed?

Steps 1, 2, 3, and 4

. A stepped care management approach to treating hypertension includes weight loss, smoking cessation, decreased use of alcohol, reducing salt in the diet, and increased physical exercise. During a stepped-care management approach, when should the nurse teach about these changes in lifestyle?

"Swallow the drug whole and do not to cut, crush, or chew it."

. An older adult client is taking a sustained-release antihypertensive drug. What is the nurse's priority teaching point about this medication?

Drug toxicity.

. The client is admitted to the acute care facility with a diagnosis of acute renal failure. While collecting the nursing history the client reveals he was taking pravastatin to reduce lipid levels and enjoyed a glass of grapefruit juice every morning. The client reports muscle pain. What should the nurse suspect caused this client's renal failure?

Place one tablet under the client's tongue and repeat every 5 minutes to a maximum of three tablets until pain has been relieved

. The client, diagnosed with angina, reports chest pain. There is an order for oral sublingual nitroglycerin as needed. What action should the nurse take?

Potassium levels.

. The emergency department (ED) nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing pulmonary edema. The client is treated with furosemide. What will the nurse monitor most closely? A) Sodium levels

An enzyme that controls the production of cellular cholesterol

. The nurse explains the action of a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor as inhibiting what?

Apical heart rate and blood pressure

. The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed an antiarrhythmic agent. What nursing assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Serum lidocaine level

. The nurse suspects drug toxicity in the client who has been receiving lidocaine by infusion to control a ventricular arrhythmia. What assessment should the nurse perform to determine the accuracy of the suspicion of toxicity?

Hypotension.

A 49-year-old client is admitted with uncontrolled chest pain. He is currently taking nitroglycerin. His physician orders nifedipine added to his regimen. The nurse should observe the client for what adverse effects?

"Pernicious anemia is caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12."

A 50-year-old client with pernicious anemia asks why she can't just take a vitamin B12 pill instead of getting an injection. What is the nurse's best response to her question?

Question the provider concerning the prescribed dosage

A 9-year-old child has received an order for oral pravastatin 40 mg/d for genetically linked hyperlipidemia. In preparation for client teaching concerning this drug, what initial action should the nurse take?

Confusion and irregular heart rate.

A 91-year-old client is being discharged on the diuretic spironolactone. What assessment finding would the nurse attribute to adverse effects of this medication?

) "They make your heart contract more forcefully."

A client asks the nurse what cardiac glycosides do to relieve the symptoms of heart failure. What is the nurse's best response?

Hypokalemia

A client comes to the clinic for a 1-month follow-up appointment. The client tells the nurse he or she has been taking chlorothiazide for a month and now has leg cramps and "feels tired all the time." What will the nurse consider as the most likely cause of the client's symptoms?

Orthostatic hypotension

A client has been diagnosed with angina and prescribed nitroglycerin. What aspect of the client's health history should prompt the nurse to monitor the client particularly closely after administration of the drug?

A very large majority of filtrate is returned to circulation.

A client has been diagnosed with renal failure and is surprised to learn of the large volume of blood that is filtered by the kidneys. The client asks, "If that much blood gets filtered, why don't people produce more urine than they do?" In response, the nurse should describe what phenomenon?

Dizziness. Nocturia. Muscle Cramps.

A client has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide and the nurse is preparing to give the client discharge instructions. Which adverse effects should the nurse caution the client about? Select all that apply.

"Report onset of a fever or persistent cough to your health care provider."

A client has been prescribed losartan for hypertension. What client teaching points should the nurse include about this drug?

Shortness of breath.

A client has developed left-sided heart failure. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to this health problem?

Absorption of sotalol is decreased by the presence of food.

A client has had sotalol prescribed for treatment of a ventricular arrhythmia. What guideline should the nurse include in the client teaching?

Naproxen.

A client has just been prescribed furosemide. After reviewing the client's medication history, what drug would cause the nurse concern when taken with furosemide?

Prunes. Watermelon. Lima Beans.

A client has just begun therapy with furosemide, and the nurse is instructing the client about the need to include foods high in potassium in the diet. Which foods should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

Ruling out a hemorrhagic stroke

A client has presented to the emergency department with a new onset of unilateral weakness and visual disturbances. The care team suspects that the client has had a cerebrovascular accident and the administration of alteplase is being considered. What is the priority care prior to administering alteplase?

Ensure protamine sulfate is readily available

A client is admitted to the hospital with deep vein thrombosis. An infusion of heparin is established. What action best protects the client's safety?

Hold the dose and call to inform the result to the prescriber

A client is receiving subcutaneous heparin 5,000 units every 8 hours. An activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) is drawn 1 hour before the 8:00 am dose; the aPTT is at 3.5 times the control value. What is the nurse's priority action?

90 mg

A client is to receive diltiazem 360 mg/dose orally in four divided doses. How many mg should the nurse administer per dose?

Pulmonary edema

A client presents to the emergency department with rales, wheezing, and blood-tinged sputum. The nurse should choose interventions to address what health problem?

Nausea, flatulence, and constipation

A client recently began taking lovastatin. The nurse should assess the client for what potential adverse effects?

The ingestion of grapefruit juice

A client taking a calcium channel blocker is seen in the clinic and diagnosed with drug toxicity. When collecting the nursing history, what finding would indicate the likely cause of this drug toxicity?

Grapefruit juice.

A client taking atorvastatin presents to the clinic reporting acute muscle pain not associated with exercise or injury. The nurse ask questions to determine if this client has been taking what contraindicated substance?

Peripheral edema and bradycardia

A client taking diltiazem for hypertension presents to the clinic for a follow-up appointment. What adverse effects should the nurse assess the client for?

Bile acid sequestrants

A client tells the nurse he has had an exacerbation of hemorrhoidal irritation. What drug should the nurse suspect as most likely to contribute to this adverse effect?

Acute pain related to drug administration

A client who has anemia and a severe GI absorption disorder has been ordered iron dextran (INFeD). What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client related to the administration of this drug?

Speak to the prescriber about the potential for elevated or toxic cyclosporine levels

A client who has been taking cyclosporine to prevent rejection of a kidney transplant has had diltiazem ordered. What is the nurse's best action?

"The heart is self-controlled and does not depend of the brain to beat."

A client who is on a ventilator has been declared brain dead. A family member asks the nurse how the heart can still function if his father's brain is dead. What statement is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Are you taking a salicylate?"

A client who was recently prescribed spironolactone calls the clinic and reports that he is not urinating as much as he did when he first started taking this medication. What would be an appropriate question for the nurse to ask this client?

creatinine clearance.

A client with a history of atrial fibrillation has been successfully cardioverted and has been prescribed dofetilide. During treatment, the nurse should closely monitor the client's cardiac status and:

Quinidine

A client with a history of atrial fibrillation has undergone cardioversion. The nurse knows that the drug of choice for long-term stabilization of this client is what?

Blood Pressure

A client with a longstanding diagnosis of angina has been prescribed nitroglycerin and diltiazem. In addition to monitoring the client's heart rate, the nurse should prioritize what assessment?

Gemfibrozil

A client with coronary artery disease has been prescribed a medication that inhibits peripheral breakdown of lipids, reduces low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. What is this client most likely taking?

Increased liver enzyme levels

A client with coronary artery disease has been prescribed fluvastatin. When reviewing this client's more recent laboratory values, what finding should the nurse attribute to adverse effects of this medication?

Paresthesia. Confusion. Drowsiness.

A client with glaucoma has been prescribed acetazolamide. What adverse effects would the nurse caution the client about? Select all that apply.

Hydrochlorothiazide

A client with hypertension has been started on losartan. After 6 weeks of therapy, it is decided that the losartan alone is not controlling the client's hypertension. What does the nurse anticipate will be added to the losartan regimen for better control of this client's hypertension?

Increased afterload creates increased oxygen consumption.

A client's blood pressure is 161/106 mm Hg. How will this blood pressure affect the client's cardiac workload?

Serum potassium level

A client's hypertension has not responded significantly to first-line therapies so the client has been prescribed aliskiren and spironolactone. In addition to blood pressure monitoring, what assessment should the nurse prioritize?

The heart muscle cannot pump as effectively as normal, causing a backup of blood.

A client, diagnosed with heart failure, would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means. How should the nurse explain heart failure?

Thiazide diuretics.

A female client has a history of frequent bladder infections. Which classification of diuretic would be contraindicate for this client?

Lower the bed and raise the side rails

A nurse is caring for a client who has had disopyramide ordered. Before administering disopyramide, what is the nurse's priority action to maintain safety?

"I take aspirin to help with the pain of my arthritis."

A nurse is preparing to discharge a client who has been prescribed warfarin. While assessing the client's knowledge of the drug, what statement should the nurse address?

"There is serious narrowing of a coronary artery that is causing a reduction in oxygen to the heart."

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been experiencing unstable angina. What is the nurse's best explanation for this condition?

Torsemide. Ethacrynic acid. Bumetanide.

A nurse is teaching a colleague about loop diuretics. What drugs should the nurse address? Select all that apply.

Inhibiting the formation of clots

A postsurgical client is being sent home on enoxaparin. The nurse should describe what benefit of this medication?

Ensure the resident has easy access to a toilet or commode. Monitor the resident's blood pressure frequently.

A resident of a long-term care facility has been prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. When beginning this drug therapy, what are appropriate nursing actions? Select all that apply.

Administer Digoxin immune Fab as prescribed

A triage nurse in the emergency department is assessing a 78-year-old man. It is determined that the client is experiencing severe digoxin toxicity. What is the nurse's priority action?

5 to 30 minutes

After administering an IV dose of digoxin, the nurse would expect to see effects within what period of time?

Increased urinary output

After administering digoxin, what assessment finding would indicate to the nurse that the drug was having the desired effect?

The client has peripheral edema to the feet and lower legs

After assessing the client receiving erythropoietin drug therapy, the nurse suspects what finding is an adverse effect of erythropoietin drug therapy?

"Nitroglycerin decreases the amount of oxygen needed by the heart to function."

After the client's anginal pain is relieved, he says to the nurse, "That nitroglycerin works great. How does it do that?" What is the nurse's best response?

Small bowel

An older adult client, diagnosed with pernicious anemia, asks the nurse what causes this disorder. The nurse's best response is that there is a lack of intrinsic factor secreted needed for absorption of vitamin B12 where?

IV

By what route will the nurse administer the antihemophilic agent to the client with hemophilia following a car accident?

The client's cardiac muscle fibers will contract.

Calcium has inactivated a client's troponin, allowing actin and myosin to form a bridge. This will cause what effect?

Hematocrit and hemoglobin

During recovery from a gastrointestinal bleed, a client has been prescribed an iron preparation. Prior to beginning therapy, what assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Monitor the client's potassium levels.

Following a referral from the client's optometrist, a client has been assessed and diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma. When administering the client's subsequent medications, the nurse should prioritize what action?

Multiple premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

For what condition would the nurse expect to administer lidocaine intravenously?

Reduce the need for allogenic blood transfusion

For what purpose would the nurse administer postoperative epoetin alfa to the client who is a Jehovah's Witness?

Myocardial Infarction.

The client has a diagnosis of atherosclerosis. When a branch of the coronary artery becomes completely blocked, what event will the nurse expect to occur?

Increase in blood volume will cause increase in blood pressure.

The client has an excessive production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The nurse expects what change in the client's blood pressure?

Nephrons

The client has just been diagnosed with acute renal failure. The client asks the nurse what functional units of the kidneys are involved. What would the nurse reply?

Clopidogrel

The client receives a new diagnosis of peripheral artery disease and the nurse anticipates an order for what drug?

"Some people get very flushed skin when they take this medication."

The client receives a prescription for niacin and the nurse is providing education about the medication. What should the nurse teach the client about possible adverse effects of the medication?

Azithromycin

The client taking digoxin has developed an infection. What medication can the nurse safely administer to this client?

Increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

The client with heart failure has been prescribed milrinone. Before administering the drug, the nurse needs to know the drug has what pharmacokinetic effect?

Preload will decrease.

The client's blood pressure is low due to shock and vasodilation of the blood vessels. The nurse recognizes this will have what impact on preload?

The client's creatinine clearance is steadily declining

The clinic nurse assesses a client taking benazepril to control hypertension. What change in the client's health status may require a change in drug therapy?

Hypertensive crisis

The emergency department nurse is asked to prepare a nitroprusside infusion for a client being brought to the hospital in an ambulance. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?

Amiodarone

The hospital nurse who works with the resuscitation team is responding to a code for an unresponsive client. The Advanced Cardiac Life Support protocol has been implemented. The nurse should prepare for administration of what medication?

1 to 4 mg/minute

The nurse administers a bolus of lidocaine to a client with a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and follows it with a continuous infusion at what rate?

) Treating peripheral artery disease

The nurse administers clopidogrel appropriately to the client for what purpose?

Hypercoagulation

The nurse admits a 32-year-old woman who takes oral contraceptives; she is expected to need aminocaproic acid postoperatively. The nurse recognizes this client is at risk for what?

Administer deferoxamine as prescribed

The nurse admits a child to the pediatric unit who has an abnormally high serum iron level after eating a family member's supplements. What is the nurse's intervention?

Pulse is 44 beats/minute

The nurse assesses the client before administering digoxin and withholds the drug and notifies the physician with what finding?

Stimulation of the ventricles from an ectopic focus in the ventricles

The nurse assesses the client's rhythm strip and notes several premature ventricular contractions, which the nurse recognizes are caused by what?

Familial connection

The nurse cares for a 10-year-old child brought to the clinic for an annual checkup who is diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. What is the most common cause of hypercholesterolemia in children?

Colesevelam

The nurse cares for a client who is in her second trimester of pregnancy with extremely high serum cholesterol levels. What lipid-lowering medication would be appropriate for the nurse to administer to this client?

Slowed progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. Increased excretion of fluid and sodium resulting in lower blood volume. Improved control of blood pressure due to combination therapy.

The nurse cares for a client with diabetes and uncontrolled hypertension who has been prescribed losartan. The health care provider changes this client's prescription to losartan with hydrochlorothiazide. What benefits should the nurse anticipate this client will receive from this change in drug therapy? Select all that apply.

"I will check with my provider before taking any herbal supplements."

The nurse determines that teaching about warfarin is successful when the client makes what statement?

Risk for fluid volume imbalance related to cardiovascular effects

The nurse develops a care plan for a client who has been prescribed a folic acid derivative that includes what priority nursing diagnosis?

Vitamin K.

The nurse discovers a client receiving warfarin is bleeding. What drug should the nurse prepare to counteract this drug?

"I'll use disposable razors to shave and use each razor only once."

The nurse evaluates that additional client teaching is needed regarding anticoagulants when the client states what intention?

The distal convoluted tubule

The nurse explains that the kidneys regulate calcium levels within a very tight range by the activity of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. Where does the fine-tuning of the calcium level occur?

The renin-angiotensin system, causing vasoconstriction

The nurse explains to a nephrology client that the nephrons are fragile and require a constant supply of blood and oxygen. What compensatory mechanisms work to maintain this supply?

Thiazide diuretic

The nurse has administered a diuretic that acts to block the chloride pump in the distal convoluted tubules and leads to a loss of sodium and potassium and a minor loss of water. What type of medication did the nurse administer?

Waist measurement 107 cm (42 inches) High-density lipoprotein 1.29 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) Blood pressure 148/93 mm Hg Fasting blood glucose 7.2 mmol/L (121 mg/dL)

The nurse has completed a comprehensive assessment of a new client. What assessment findings would support a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome? Select all that apply.

Blood pressure.

The nurse has just administered 150 g of mannitol IV to a client with increased intracranial pressure. What assessment related to mediation administration should the nurse prioritize when monitoring the client?

Monitor the client closely for signs of bleeding Prepare to administer vitamin K as soon as it is prescribed Inform the primary care provider promptly Ensure that blood samples are drawn, as prescribed

The nurse has just discovered that a hospital client received 80 mg of warfarin rather than 8 mg, as the result of a medication error. What actions should the nurse perform? Select all that apply.

helping the client set up a reminder system for days when the drug is to be administered.

The nurse improves client compliance with the drug regimen of epoetin alfa by:

Constipation

The nurse instructs a client taking oral iron preparations about strategies for addressing which potential adverse effect?

Establish cardiac monitoring and maintain it until full recovery

The nurse is administering an intravenous dose of amiodarone to a client in distress. What action should the nurse prioritize?

Blood pressure

The nurse is administering milrinone to a client with heart failure. The nurse should prioritize what assessment when monitoring the client for common adverse effects?

The client has a history of peptic ulcers.

The nurse is assessing a client who is being considered for anticoagulant therapy. What aspect of the client's health history should the nurse follow up most closely?

Deficient knowledge regarding drug therapy

The nurse is assessing a client who reports taking cholestyramine mixed with diet cola twice per day. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client?

Alkalosis.

The nurse is assessing a client who takes a loop diuretic. For what adverse effect should the nurse assess?

ventricular fibrillation.

The nurse is assigned to watch the cardiac monitors in the constant care unit and notes four different clients displaying arrhythmias. Which arrhythmia is the nurse's highest priority?

Verapamil

The nurse is caring for a 3-year-old awaiting a heart transplant who requires an antiarrhythmic agent to control a supraventricular arrhythmia. What drug, if ordered, should the nurse question?

) Use of barrier contraceptives

The nurse is caring for a 35-year-old woman taking a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor to lower serum lipid levels. When teaching this client about her medications, what priority teaching point will the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A diuretic

The nurse is caring for a 39-year-old African American man who is 25 lb overweight and who has been newly diagnosed with hypertension. What initial drug therapy should the nurse anticipate?

The iron should be taken through a straw.

The nurse is caring for a child who is prescribed supplemental iron therapy in liquid form. What is the priority parent teaching to be provided by the nurse?

Heparin.

The nurse is caring for a child who needs anticoagulation therapy. What drug is approved for pediatric use?

Folic Acid

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a megaloblastic anemia and administers what drug?

Ranolazine.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and newly diagnosed angina. What drug would the nurse question if ordered?

Vitamin B12

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pernicious anemia and anticipates this client will require:

Atrioventricular (AV) block. Bronchospasm. Bizarre dreams.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving propranolol. What problems, reported by the client, should nurse suspect are being caused by the drug? Select all that apply.

) Mild abdominal pain and diarrhea

The nurse is caring for a client taking ezetimibe and monitors the client for what common adverse effects?

Monitor the client for signs of pulmonary embolism.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a history of atrial fibrillation (AF) and whose condition has recent worsened. The client is awaiting cardioversion. In addition to cardiac monitoring, what assessment should the nurse prioritize?

Decrease in serum cholesterol Decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels

The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking atorvastatin for several weeks. What expected outcomes should the nurse describe? Select all that apply.

Aminocaproic acid

The nurse is caring for a client who has excessive bleeding following repeat coronary artery bypass grafting. What systemic hemostatic drug will the nurse expect to be administered?

Thiazide diuretics.

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse should expect to administer what classification of diuretics as first-line therapy?

The client's mitral valve is incompetent.

The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing a backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium. How should the nurse best interpret this finding?

Prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR)

The nurse is caring for a client who is going home on warfarin. What lab test(s) will the client require to evaluate therapeutic effects of the drug?

With water.

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking a sustained-release (SR) oral nitrate. What should the nurse instruct this client to how to take the medication?

Propranolol

The nurse is caring for a client who reports insomnia since starting a prescribed antiarrhythmic agent. What antiarrhythmic agent would the nurse expect this client is taking?

Propranolol

The nurse is caring for a client who takes an antiarrhythmic agent and is reporting a complete lack of appetite. Which cardiac antiarrhythmic agent would the nurse suspect the client is taking?

Renin

The nurse is caring for a client whose blood pressure is 90/49 mm Hg. This client's kidneys will compensate by secreting:

Low erythropoietin levels

The nurse is caring for a client whose diabetic nephropathy has resulted in anemia. What is the cause of this client's anemia?

Activation of plasminogen

The nurse is caring for a client with a fever and severe diarrhea in addition to thrombophlebitis. How will this client's condition impact the clotting process?

Headache and dizziness

The nurse is caring for a client with angina who is taking a calcium channel blocker. What adverse effects would the nurse caution this client about?

Ability of the arterioles to increase or decrease resistance.

The nurse is caring for a client with coronary artery disease and hypertension. The nurse explains to the client that coronary artery disease disables what process that controls blood pressure?

Release of renin.

The nurse is caring for a client with decreased blood flow to the kidneys. The client's blood pressure has been in the range of 150/100 mm Hg for several days. What is the most likely cause of this client's hypertension?

Reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values and increased HDL values

The nurse is caring for a client with high serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In teaching the client about therapeutic lifestyle changes and the use of medications, the nurse explains that the desired goal for cholesterol levels is what?

Increased afterload.

The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension and recognizes this will have what impact on afterload?

Calcium Levels.

The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure and the client's regulation of vitamin D has been disrupted. When gauging the degree of vitamin D disruption, the nurse should assess the client's:

"Continue breast-feeding because heparin does not enter your breast milk."

The nurse is caring for a female client who is nursing her 3-month-old infant. What will the nurse instruct the client to do prior to starting heparin to treat venous thrombosis?

200 mcg.

The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who has been diagnosed with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. The order reads digoxin 10 mcg/kg orally. The child weighs 44 lb. How many mcg should the nurse administer?

Diuretic

The nurse is caring for an obese child with hypertension and slightly elevated serum glucose levels. What would the nurse anticipate will be ordered if lifestyle changes do not return blood pressure to an acceptable limit?

Endocannabinoid blocker

The nurse is caring for an obese client with hyperlipidemia who has tried to modify his diet to lose weight and control serum lipid levels without success. He is currently taking a combination of medications, but his total cholesterol remains elevated. What future therapy is most likely to benefit this client?

Dysrhythmia.

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is displaying alterations in the conduction of impulses in the SA node. What assessment finding is most likely?

Allergy to sulfa drugs.

The nurse is conducting an admission assessment of a client who has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. The should contact the provider because of the client's:

Colestipol.

The nurse is engaged in client teaching about a newly prescribed bile acid sequestrant, stating, "You can mix this with soda or seltzer if you'd prefer." What bile acid sequestrant is the nurse describing?

"I should plan to take this drug before bedtime, because my body makes lipids mostly at night."

The nurse is preparing a client for discharge who will receive a prescription for a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitor. What statement by the client demonstrates a clear understanding of the teaching provided by the nurse?

Itching. Peripheral edema Heart Failure

The nurse is preparing the client prescribed hydroxocobalamin for discharge and teaches the client to be alert for what adverse effects? Select all that apply.

Throbbing headache or dizziness

The nurse is preparing to administer sublingual nitroglycerin to a client for the first time and warns that the client may experience what right after administration?

Increasing fiber intake.

The nurse is preparing to teach the client about diet therapy when beginning bile sequestrant medication to lower lipid levels. What important teaching point will the nurse include in the teaching plan?

"Avoid citrus juices and dairy products."

The nurse is providing drug teaching about quinidine in preparation for the client's discharge. What dietary guidelines should the nurse provide to the client?

Persistent cough

The nurse is providing drug teaching to a client who is prescribed enalapril. What drug-specific adverse effect will the nurse include in the drug teaching?

Risk for damage to vessel walls. Increased cardiac workload.

The nurse is providing health education to a client who has been diagnosed with hypertension. When explaining the need for vigilant blood pressure control, the nurse should describe what potential consequences of hypertension? Select all that apply.

"The medications should be taken 4 to 6 hours apart."

The nurse is providing medication teaching to a client who will begin taking niacin with a bile acid sequestrant. How should the nurse instruct the client to take these two medications?

atrial fibrillation

The nurse is reviewing the medication regimen of a newly admitted client. The client currently takes dofetilide 250 mcg PO b.i.d. This client's health history likely includes:

) "How many alcoholic drinks do you have in a typical day or week?"

The nurse is taking a health history of a 58-year-old man who is taking atorvastatin for high cholesterol. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize related to the safe use of this drug?

) Increases high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and decreases low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

The nurse is teaching a 45-year-old client about ways to lower cholesterol levels and explains that exercise has what effect?

"The drug activates a specific hepatic receptor, resulting in increased breakdown of lipids and reduction in triglyceride levels."

The nurse is teaching a client about a peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha activator named fenofibric acid. The client asks what this drug does. What is the nurse's best response?

"Renin is directly involved in the control of arterial blood pressure and it is essential for proper functioning of the glomerulus."

The nurse is teaching a client with orthostatic hypotension about the role of renin in maintaining blood pressure. What process should the nurse describe?

Lose weight Manage hypertension Reduce stress levels whenever possible

The nurse is teaching the client how to reduce risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). What should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply.

Impaired urinary elimination.

The nurse is writing a plan of care for a client who is taking a diuretic. What nursing diagnosis is most likely applicable?

Make sure that the drugs are given at least 2 hours apart

The nurse on the coronary unit is caring for a client with known coronary artery disease who is being treated with cholestyramine and hydrochlorothiazide. What action should the nurse take?

Anticoagulant

The nurse performs an electrocardiogram and finds the older adult client is in atrial fibrillation (AF). The date of onset is unknown but could be as long as 3 months earlier when the client was last assessed. What drug will the nurse expect to be ordered?

Decreased total cholesterol level Decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Decreased blood pressure Weight loss of 8 lb

The nurse provides client teaching related to medication and lifestyle changes the client can make to reduce serum lipid levels. One month later, the nurse evaluates the client teaching as having been effective based on what data? Select all that apply.

Grilled chicken, green salad with dressing, and baked apple

The nurse provides dietary teaching to the client with hypertension and determines the client understood the information when what meal is selected?

"I will call my doctor if I bruise easily or become extremely tired."

The nurse provides drug teaching to the client prescribed captopril. What statement made by the client does the nurse interpret to mean teaching has been effective?

Tenecteplase

The nurse receives a client having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) to the emergency department. What drug will the nurse administer before transferring the client to a larger facility?

Asthma.

The nurse reviews the client's medical history and determines class II antiarrhythmics are contraindicated due to the client's history of what condition?

The sinuatrial (SA) node.

The nurse takes the client's pulse and finds a regular rate at 44 beats/minute. What area of the heart is controlling this client's heart rate?

Aldosterone-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) system. Stimulus from the sympathetic system. Reflex control of blood volume.

The nurse teaches a class on the systems that control blood pressure and includes what systems in the discussion? Select all that apply.

Obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking

The nurse teaches the client at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) that some risk factors can be controlled or modified. What modifiable factors would the nurse include?

"Rotate application sites." "Assess the skin for signs of breakdown." "Make sure no one touches the side with the medication."

The nurse teaches the client how to use topical nitroglycerin and includes what teaching points in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Hypertension.

What adverse reaction does the nurse anticipate if a client takes a beta-blocker with clonidine?

Sickle Cell Anemia

What anemia does the nurse classify as a type of hemolytic anemia?

Class IV

What class of antiarrhythmic agents does the nurse administer to depress generation of the action potentials and delaying phases 1 and 2 of repolarization?

Class III

What class of antiarrhythmic agents does the nurse administer to slow the outward movement of potassium during phase 3 of the action potential?

III

What class of antiarrhythmics drug blocks potassium channels, prolonging phase 3 of the action potential and slowing the rate and conduction of the heart?

Class Ic

What class of antiarrhythmics will the nurse administer to the client in symptomatic paroxysmal tachycardia because it markedly depresses phase 0 with extreme slowing of conduction?

Renal impairment

What client factor would result in the nurse administering a reduced dosage of disopyramide?

Hydroxyurea

What drug used to treat anemia might the nurse administer as an antineoplastic drug because it is cytotoxic?

Darbepoetin alfa Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta Epoetin alfa

What drugs might the nurse administer that have been developed to stimulate the formation of red blood cells? Select all that apply.

Ticlopidine. Abciximab.

What drugs would the nurse administer for their antiplatelet effects? Select all that apply.

"When was your last menstrual period (LMP)?"

What is the nurse's priority assessment question before giving a female client her prescription for an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB)?

Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta

What medication would best meet the needs of a client whose anemia is associated with chronic renal failure?

Depolarization.

When sodium gates open along the cardiac cell membrane and sodium rushes into the cell, it results in the membrane no longer having a positive or negative side but being electrically the same on both sides. The nurse recognizes this period of the cardiac cycle as what?

Decreased strength of heart muscle contraction

When the nurse administers a beta-adrenergic blocker to the client with angina, the nurse expects the drug will help to control angina, but it also has what other effect?

Heart rate. Stroke volume. Total peripheral resistance.

While studying the antihypertensive drugs, the nursing students learn that the pressure in the cardiovascular system is regulated by various elements. What are they? Select all that apply.