Pharmacology Exam 4
A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has Cushing's disease. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Limit intake of potassium-rich foods B. Restrict sodium intake C. Increase carbohydrate intake D. Decrease protein intake
B
A nurse is preparing to administer clonidine 0.3 mg at bedtime to a client. The amount available is 0.1 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose?
3 tablets
A nurse is beginning a physical assessment of a client who has a new diagnosis of MS. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Select all that apply. A. Areas of paresthesia B. Involuntary eye movements C. Alopecia D. Increased salivation E. Ataxia
A,B,E
The nurse administered 25 units of Humulin N to a client with type 1 diabetes at 1800. Which intervention should the nurse implement? A. Assess the client for hypoglycemia at 1900 B. Ensure the client eats the nighttime snack C. Send the client's blood sample to the lab for a blood glucose level D. Serve the client the supper tray at 1730
B
The nurse is administrating donepezil to a client with Alzheimer's disease. The nurse understands the mechanism of action to be A. Decreases acetylcholine levels. B. increases acetylcholine levels. C. Decreases the transmission at the neuron. D. Increase the action of acetylcholine.
B
The nurse is injecting aminocaproic acid IV. The nurse will monitor for which of the following adverse effects? A. Tachycardia B. Hypotension C. Bleeding D. Decrease creatine
B
A charge nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the antagonist action of medications. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the flowing antagonist medications is used for benzodiazepines? A. Flumazenil B. Diphenhydramine C. Protamine D. Naloxone
A
A nurse is teaching a client who has MS and a new prescription for dantrolene. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. I need to apply sunscreen when I go outside B. I can take an OTC antihistamine for allergies when I am taking this drug C. I should take this medication when my spasms are bad D. My muscle strength should improve a lot in 2 to 3 days
A
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for diazepam. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. It can cause drowsiness B. It must be swallowed whole C. It is important to void foods that contain tyramine D. Grapefruit juice inactivates this medicaiton
A
Your client has just undergone an angioplasty for a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis. His provider has ordered clopidogrel. You understand that this drug affects platelet aggregation by preventing the activation of which of the following? A. Plasminogen B. Glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa C. Thromboxane 2 D. Prothrombin
B
A patient has symptoms of adrenocoricoid insufficiency and is having diagnostic testing with administration of cosyntropin (Cortrosyn). The nurse would evaluate that this test shows secondary adrenocoritcal insufficiency if which result occurs? A. The patient's urine cortisol fails to rise after injection B. The patient's plasma level of cortisol rises after injection C. The patient flushes after injection D. The patient has carpal spasms following injection
A
An elderly client with Parkinson's disease is prescribed levodopa and carbidopa. Which point should a nurse include in the teaching plan for the client and spouse? A. The client is at increased risk for falls due to dizziness and orthostatic hypotension B. The client should stop taking multiple vitamins C. The medication should not be taken with food D. The medication has very few adverse effects
A
The client newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes asks the nurse "Why should I get an external portable insulin pump?" Which statement is the nurse's best response? A. The intention is that you would have fewer hypoglycemic reactions and maintain more stable blood glucose levels with improved glucose control B. Insulin pumps provide an automatic memory of the date and time of the last 24 boluses C. The pump injects intermediate-acting insulin automatically into the vein to maintain a normal blood glycose level D. The portable pump is the easiest way to administer insulin in someone with Type 1 diabetes and is highly reccomended
A
The nurse administered 12 units of regular insulin to the patient with Type 1 diabetes at 0700. Which meal would prevent the client from experiencing hypoglycemia? A. Breakfast B. Lunch C. Supper D. Bedtime snack
A
The nurse is teaching the client with Type 1 diabetes how to use an insulin pen injector. Which information should the nurse discuss with the client? A. Instruct the client to dial in the number of insulin units needed to inject B. Demonstrate the proper way to draw up the insulin in an insulin syringe C. Discuss that the insulin pen injector must be used in the abdomnial area only D. Explain that the traditional insulin syringe is less painful than the injector pen
A
Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a female client with bilateral adrenalectomy? A. Emphasizing that the client will need steroid replacement for the rest of her life B. Instructing the clinet about the importance of tapering steroid medication carefully to prevent crisis C. Informing the client that steroids will be requried only until her body can manufacture sufficeint quantities D. Emphasizing that the client will need to take steroids whenever her life involves physical or emotional stress
A
Which stamens best explains why structural changes occur within the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease? A. Chronic inflammation and oxidative cellular damage. B. Increases in blood pressure and cholesterol levels. C. Cerebral bleeding and associated hypoxia. D. Increased acetylcholine levels.
A
A nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about the progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as manifestation seen in the early and moderate stage of Alzheimer's disease? Select all that apply. A. Inability to find commonly used items B. Inability to perform common tasks C. Difficulty with talking or reading D. Difficulty remembering how to swallow E. Inability to recognize family members
A, B, C
A nurse is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking propylthiouracil to treat hyperthyroidism. The nurse should inform the patient to monitor for which of the following side effects? Select all that apply. A. Rash B. Muscle pain C. Bradycardia D. Insomnia E. Sore throat
A, B, C, E
A nurse is caring for a client who is being evaluated for acromegaly. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find during the assessment? Select all that apply. A. Protruding jaw B. Slating forehead C. Small bones in the hands and feet D. Broad nose
A, B, D
Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for prescribing the biguanide metformin (Glucophage)? Select all that apply. A. This medication decreases insulin resistance, improving blood glucose control B. This medication allows the carbohydrates to pass slowly through the large intestine C. This medication will decrease the hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen D. This medication stimulates the beta cells to release more insulin into the bloodstream
A, C
The nurse prepares to administer benztropine (Cogentin) to the patient. The nurse understands that this drug is contraindicated in which of the following diseases? Select all that apply. A. Narrow-angle glaucoma B. Diabetes C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy D. Severe constipation
A, C, D
A nurse is caring for a child who has Addison's disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply. A. Teach the parents about cortisol replacement therapy B. Place the child on a low-sodium diet C. Monitor the child for fluid volume excess D. Discuss the manifestations of hypoglycemia with the parents
A, D
The nurse is caring for an individual with diabetes insipidus. She would expect to find which of the following? Select all that apply. A. Increased urine output B. Increased blood glucose C. Pulmonary edema D. Hyponatremia E. Increased serum osmolality F. Increased urine osmolality
A, E
Two hours after self-administrating regular insulin subcutaneously, the patient contacts you at the provider's office to report that she is sweating, shaky, and has a rapid pulse. Which of the following actions should you advise her to take? Select all that apply A. Drink 4 oz of orange juice B. Check her blood glucose level C. Take an oral hypoglycemic D. Measure her urine output E. Self-administer a long-acting insulin
A,B
A client has been prescribed levothyroxine. What medication information should the nurse provide? Select all that apply. A. "It may take a few weeks for you to see the full benefits of this drug." B. "Do not start a fiber laxative without first discussing it with your health care team." C. "Take your calcium supplement at least 4 hours after taking this drug." D. "Take this medication at whatever time you eat your evening mean." E. "Be sure to keep all of your follow-up appointments."
A,B, C, E
What client education should be included for a client receiving enoxaparin? Select all that apply. A. Teach the client or family to give subcutaneous injections at home. B. Teach the client or family not to take any OCT drugs without first consulting with the health care provider. C. Teach the client to observe for unexplained bleeding such as pink, red, or dark brown urine or bloody gums. D. Teach the client to monitor for the development of DVT. E. Teach the client about the importance of drinking grapefruit juice daily.
A,B,C,D
The nursing instructor teaches the student nurses about the endocrine system. The nursing instructor evaluates that earning has occurred when the student nurses make which statements? Select all that apply A. "The pituitary is considered the master gland." B. "The hypothalamus secretes ACTH hormones." C. "The pituitary gland secrete TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)." D. "Hormones released by the endocrine system influence every organ in the body." E. "The endocrine system is a major controller of homeostasis."
A,D,E
The client receives treatment with radioactive iodine therapy. What till the best evaluation by the nurse reveal? Select all that apply. A. The client could safely become pregnant while receiving this treatment B. The client will most likely require thyrpid replacement therapy C. The client does not have to distance herself from others D. The client will only temporarily accomplish the euthyroid state
B, C
A client has started clopidogrel (Plavix) after experiencing a transient ischemic attack (TIA). What is the desired therapeutic effect of this drug? A. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects B. To reduce the risk of a stroke from a blood clot C. Analgesic as well as clot-dissolving D. To stop clots from becoming emboli
B
A nurse should question the use of levothyroxine for a patient who has A. Diabetes insipidus B. A myocardial infarction C. Bacterial skin infections D. Immunosuppression
B
The client diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes is complaining of a dry mouth, extreme thirst, and increased urination. Which action should the nurse implement? A. Administer one ampule of intravenous 50% glucose B. Prepare to administer IV regular insulin C. Inject Humulin N SQ in the abdomen D. Hand an IV infuision of Dextrose 5% water
B
The client had hypothyroidism and is treated with levothyroxine. The nurse plans to do medication education. What will the best plan b the nurse include? A. Assess for decreased appetite B. Assess for altered sleep pattens C. Monitor daily temperature D. Assess weekly serum blood levels
B
The client is very distraught that her 12-year-old son is of very short stature. What is the best plan by the nurse? A. Tell the client that treatment with growth hormone can add 6 inches of height to her son B. Tell the client that treatment with growth hormone might help and refer to an endocrinologist C. Tell the client that treatment for short stature is too expensive for many to afford D. Tell the client that treatment with growth hormone might result in acromegaly
B
The client receiving heparin therapy asks how the "blood thinner" works. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "Heparin makes the blood less thick." B. "Heparin does not thin the blood but prevents clots from forming as easily in the blood vessels." C. "Heparin decreases the number of platelets so that blood clots more slowly." D. "Heparin dissolves the clot."
B
To best monitor for therapeutic effects from filgrastim, the nurse will assess which laboratory finding? A. Hgb and Hct B. WBC or ANC counts C. Serum electrolytes D. RBC count
B
When planning to teach the client about the use of epoetin the nurse would give which of the following instructions? A. Eating raw fruits and vegetables must be avoided. B. Frequent rest periods should be taken to avoid excessive fatigue. C. Skin and mucous membranes should be protected from traumatic injury. D. Exposure to direct sunlight must be minimized and sunscreen used when outdoors.
B
Which is true regarding the antimuscarinic class of medication that treats MS? A. It helps he large intestine to absorb water, increasing the bulk of stool. B. It reduces bladder spasms by inhibiting acetylcholine. C. It inhibits transmission of impulses through parasympathetic nerve fibers. D. It mimics the effects of hormones produced in the adrenal glands.
B
Which of the following is a priority for a client with Addison's crisis? A. Controlling hypertension B. Preventing irreversible shock C. Preventing infection D. Relieving anxiety
B
A client will be prescribe an oral corticosteroid for treatment of a rash. The prescriber says "In order to avoid adverse effects, I am prescribing the smallest amount possible." What other prescribing regimens could the nurse suggest to achieve this same effect? Select all that apply. A. Start with a small dose and work up to the desired dose B. Administer a larger dose for a few days and then gradually decrease the dose until the medication is discontinued C. Use a topical application instead of an oral product D. Administer the doses intramuscularly for the first few days of treatment E. Give the oral medication every other day
B, C, E
An RN is teaching a group of LPNs about the epidemiology of MS. Which statements by an LPN show the need for further teaching? Select all that apply. A. MS is an autoimmune disease B. The disorder affects more men from African descent C. The onset of the disease in the United States is 20 to 50 years D. The prevalence of the disorder can be seen in tropical countries E. The disorder gets its name from the buildup of scar tissue or plaques that form during demyelination
B, D
The nurse teaches a class on pregnancy to client in their first trimester. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the clients make which statements? Select all that apply. A. "Ovulation is caused by a surge go HCG." B. "Ovulation is caused y a surge of LH." C. "The pituitary gland secretes Gonadotropin-releasing hormone." D. "Ovulation occurs on approximately day 21 of the ovarian cycle." E. "FSH causes ovarian follicles to develop."
B, D, E
As you teach a patient about managing her Type 1 diabetes with regular insulin, you would include which of the following instructions? select all that apply. A. Self-injected chilled insulin B. Carry a carbohydrate snack C. Rotate injection sites D. Wear a medical alert bracelet E. Expect to adjust the dosage during illness
B,C,D,E
A nurse is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking somatropin. The nurse should explain the need to monitor which of the following lab values? Select all that apply A. Creatinine clearance B. Urine calcium C. Serum amylase D. CBC E. Blood glucose
B,E
A client with a DVT is receiving an infusion of heparin and will be started on warfarin soon. While the client is receiving heparin, what lab test will provide the nurse with information about its therapeutic effects? A. Prothrombin time (PT) B. Internation Normalized Ratio (INR) C. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) D. Platelet count
C
A nurse is caring for a client who has a fractured ulna and a new prescription for cyclobenzaprine. Before administering, which of the following explanations should the nurse provide to explain the purpose of the medication? A. The medication will kill microorganisms that can cause infection at the fracture site. B. Cyclobenzaprine will reduce itching that might occur as the fracture begins to heal. C. The medication will relieve muscle spasms that might occur with a fracture. D. Cyclobenzaprine will relieve any nausea associated with a fracture.
C
A nurse is caring for a client who has developed agranulocytosis as a result of taking propylthiouracil to treat hyperthyroidism. The nurse should understand that this client is at increased risk for which of the following conditions? A. Excessive bleeding B. Ecchymosis C. Infection D. Hyperglycemia
C
An older adult receives levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone. The nurse is primarily concerned about which problem with this patient? A. Dark urine B. Diarrhea C. Muscle twitching D. Hypertension
C
Aspirin causes its anticoagulation effects by inhibiting which of the following? A. Plasminogen B. Prothrombin C. Thromboxane 2 D. Glycoprotein II2/III3
C
The client has diabetes insipid and receives desmopressin (DDAVP). The nurse completes medication education and evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement? A. "This medication suppresses hormone secretion form my posterior pituitary gland." B. "This medication is a potent vasodilator, my blood pressure can fall." C. "This medication increases water reabsorption in my kidneys." D. "This medication proves diuresis in my body; my blood pressure can fall."
C
The client has hyperthyroidism. The nurse teaches the client to avoid which food selections? A. High- calorie foods B. Caffeine- free soda C. Soy sauce D. Milk products
C
The client receives estrogen for prostate cancer. He asks the nurse why he is receiving a female hormone. What is the best response by the nurse? A. It shrinks your cancer by making the cells die at a faster rate B. It eliminates the testosterone that feeds your cancer C. It suppresses section of the androgens that make your cancer grow D. It keeps nutrients from getting to and feeding your cancer
C
Which assessment data best indicates the client with Type 1 diabetes is adhering to the medical treatment regimen? A. The client's fasting blood glucose is 100 mg/dL B. The client's urine specimen has no ketones present C. The client's glycosylated hemoglobin (Hg A1C) is 5.8% D. The client's glucometer reading is 120 mg/dL
C
Which finding is a symptoms of Cushing's syndrome? A. Hypoglycemia B. Diarrhea C. Moon face D. Vomiting
C
the client diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes is prescribed the sulfonylurea, glipizide. Which statement by the client warrant intervention by the nurse? A. "Have to eat my diabetic diet even if I am taking this medication." B. "I will need to check by blood glucose level at least once a day." C. "I usually have 2-3 glasses of wine with my evening meal." D. "I 7do not like to walk everyday, but I will, if it will help my diabetes
C
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for cyclobenzaprine. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Discontinue medication if nausea occurs B. Expect urine to turn orange C. Monitor for increased muscle spasms D. Avoid driving until effects are known
D
The client receives glucocorticoid therapy. The nurse would prioritize assessment for which finding? A. Hypotension B. Weight loss C. Hypothermia D. Hypertension
D
The home health-care nurse is caring for an elderly client with Alzheimer's disease. Which intervention should the nurse implement for the client? A. Provide the client with a semi-soft diet B. Encourage the client to take an afternoon nap C. Provide the client with a different schedule every day D. Speak calmly using positive statements
D
The patient receives levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet). The nurse has completed medication education and determines that learning has occurred when the patient makes which statement? A. I need to check my pulse before taking the medication B. I must avoid carbohydrates in my diet C. I need to increase my daily intake of protein D. I must increase the fiber in my diet
D
Which statement best described the pharmacodynamics of insulin? A. insulin causes the pancreas to secrete glucose into he bloodstream. B. Insulin is metabolized by the liver and muscle and excreted in the urine. C. Insulin is needed to maintain colloidal osmotic pressure in the bloodstream. D. Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting use of glucose in the body cells.
D
