pharmacology final practice questions

A nurse is to administer mafenide(Topical sulfonamides) to a client. The nurse would be alert for which of the following?

Rash, itching, edema, or other allergic reactions

A nurse is preparing to administer antiviral therapy. The nurse integrates knowledge of this therapy, administering the drugs cautiously to clients with which of the following? Select all that apply.

Renal impairment Low blood cell count

A patient is receiving telithromycin. Based on the nurse's understanding of potential adverse reactions, the nurse would identify which nursing diagnosis as a priority?

Risk for Injury

A client develops a cough and fever and laboratory test results reveal leukopenia after the client receives sulfonamide therapy. When developing the client's plan of care, the nurse would identify which nursing diagnosis?

Risk for Secondary Infection

A client is receiving iron therapy for anemia. The prescriber has ordered tetracycline as treatment for the client's infection. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do?

Separate administration times by 2 hours.

A patient with TB is undergoing initial therapy in the treatment. The nurse has to administer three or more drugs in combination to the patient. The patient wishes to know the reason for administering a combination of drugs. Which of the following explanations does the nurse offer related to the combination of medications?

Slows down bacterial resistance

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client receiving penicillin therapy. Which of the following would the nurse identify as indicating an adverse hematologic reaction? Select all that apply.

Anemia Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia

A client receiving which of the following would the nurse identify as being at increased risk for candidal infections? Select all that apply.

Antibiotics Hypoglycemic agents Immunosuppressive agents Oral contraceptives

A patient with TB has been admitted to a health care facility. When providing instructions related to antitubercular drugs, which of the following should the nurse include to minimize complications related to the GI tract?

Avoid the consumption of alcohol.

A nurse suspects that a client receiving oral penicillin therapy is developing pseudomembranous colitis based on assessment of which of the following?

Bloody diarrhea

A 60-year-old client who is on sulfonamide therapy has impaired urinary elimination. She does not want to increase her oral fluid intake because of fear of incontinence. Which of the following nursing interventions would be most appropriate?

Teach the client the times to take fluids to maintain continence.

A client develops pseudomembranous colitis secondary to fluoroquinolone therapy. The nurse understands that this is the result of which organism?

C. difficile

When developing the plan of care for a client receiving antitubercular therapy, the nurse would identify which of the following as a goal? Select all that apply.

Client will state adverse reactions to report. Client will maintain adequate nutritional status. Client and family demonstrate an understanding of the drug regimen. Client manages the therapeutic regimen effectively. Client exhibits a negative sputum culture.

After taking penicillin as prescribed, a patient shows signs of diarrhea and informs the nurse that there is blood in his stools. Which of the following interventions should the nurse do next?

Contact primary health provider immediately.

A patient has been prescribed a tetracycline drug for Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The patient also takes antacids. Which of the following effects is likely to occur due to an interaction between the two drugs?

Decreased absorption of tetracycline

A patient for whom antiretroviral therapy has been prescribed informs the nurse that she is taking oral contraceptives. The nurse responds that the combination of oral contraceptives and antiretroviral therapy can lead to which of the following?

Decreased effectiveness of birth control pills

A female client receiving methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is given a prescription for trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS). The client returns to the physician's office feeling worse than before. She now has a cough and unusual bruising on the extremities. The physician orders a complete blood count and a complete metabolic profile. Which test results would the nurse expect to find? Select all that apply.

Decreased number of white blood cells Decreased number of platelets increased bone marrow suppression

A group of nursing students are reviewing the different groups of penicillins. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as an example of a penicillinase-resistant penicillin? Select all that apply.

Dicloxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin

A client who is being discharged has been instructed to continue with sulfonamide therapy for a week. Which of the following points should the nurse include in the teaching plan to educate the client about the therapy?

Ensure that all follow-up appointments are met.

When reviewing the medical records of several clients who are prescribed sulfonamide therapy, the nurse would expect laboratory findings related to which bacteria? Select all that apply.

Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Staphylococcus aureus

A nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection. After administering a sandwich and a large glass of cranberry juice to a client, the nurse observes that the client has developed diarrhea. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the client's condition?

Extremely large dosage of cranberry juice

A nurse suspects that a client who is receiving a cephalosporin and has ingested alcohol may be experiencing a disulfiram-like reaction based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.

Flushing Respiratory difficulty Vomiting Sweating

A nurse is providing care to a client with a sulfonamide allergy. The nurse would expect to administer which of the following cautiously if prescribed? Select all that apply.

Fosamprenavir (Lexiva) Amprenavir (Agenerase)

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about clindamycin (Cleocin). The students demonstrate understanding of this drug when they identify that it should be used with caution in clients with which of the following? Select all that apply.

GI disorders Myasthenia gravis Hepatic impairment

A nursing student is engaged in researching information about fluoroquinolones. When reviewing the information, the student would most likely find that this class of drugs is effective in treating which type of infection? Select all that apply.

Gram-positive infections Gram-negative infections

A nurse would use caution when administering itraconazole (Sporanox) to clients with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

HIV Hypochlorhydria

Antiviral drugs have limited use because they are effective against only a small number of specific viral infections. The nurse would expect antiviral drugs to be used for which infection? Select all that apply.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A nurse is preparing a plan of care for an older adult client who is receiving sulfonamide therapy. Which of the following would the nurse include in the plan of care to reduce the likelihood of causing renal damage? Select all that apply.

Increase fluid intake up to 2000 mL if tolerated. Use sulfonamides cautiously in clients with renal impairment.

A client is receiving a fluoroquinolone and is also taking ibuprofen for pain relief. The nurse would be alert for which of the following?

Increased risk for seizures

Which of the following represent contraindications to treatment with a sulfonamide? Select all that apply.

Lactating females Clients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococci infections children younger than 2 near the end of pregnancy

A 75-year-old patient with a history of renal impairment is admitted to the primary health care center with a UTI and has been prescribed a cephalosporin. Which of the following interventions is most important for the nurse to perform when caring for this patient?

Monitoring blood creatinine levels

After teaching a group of nursing students about penicillins, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a group? Select all that apply.

Natural penicillins Penicillinase-resistant penicillins Aminopenicillins Extended-spectrum penicillins

A client is ordered to receive an antiretroviral agent that is categorized as a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer?

Nevirapine

Which of the following circumstances would warrant a continuation treatment phase of 7 months? Select all that apply.

Noninclusion of pyrazinamide in the initial treatment phase Positive sputum culture after completion of initial treatment

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about fluoroquinolones. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify that an empty stomach is essential for the administration of which drug?

Norfloxacin

After reviewing information about lincosamide therapy, a group of nursing students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a contraindication?

Patients taking cisapride

While administering vancomycin IV to a patient, the nurse suspects that the patient is developing red-man syndrome based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.

Throbbing neck or back pain Chills Erythema of the neck and back Paresthesias Decrease in blood pressure

A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed cephalosporin by injection. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind? Select all that apply.

Thrombophlebitis can occur when cephalosporins are given IV. Pain can occur when cephalosporins are given IM. Tenderness can occur when cephalosporins are given IM. Swelling can occur when cephalosporins are given IM.

A client is receiving a fluoroquinolone as an extended-release formulation. Which of the following would be most important to include in the client's teaching plan?

To swallow the medication whole

Sulfonamides are commonly used to treat which of the following types of infections? Select all that apply.

Ulcerative colitis Urinary tract infection Acute otitis media

A client is being discharged with a prescription for sulfasalazine. Which of the following would the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Use protective sunscreen or cover exposed areas when going outside. Finish the entire course of sulfonamide even if you begin feeling better. Keep all follow-up appointments. take sulfasalazine with food or immediately after a meal

A client is prescribed entecavir, which is supplied as a buffered powder. The nurse instructs the client to mix the powder with which of the following?

Water

A client who is on sulfonamide therapy is about to be discharged. Which of the following precautions should the nurse instruct the client to follow to reduce the effects of photosensitivity?

Wear protective clothing and sunscreen when outside.

A patient is to receive tetracycline therapy at home. After teaching the patient about foods to avoid when taking the drug, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient states he will avoid which of the following? Select all that apply.

Yogurt Cheese Calcium-fortified cereals

Which of the following represent nursing diagnoses that may be made during administration of a fluoroquinolone? Select all that apply.

Acute Pain Diarrhea Anxiety Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is prescribed tetracycline. The nurse would be alert for an increased risk of toxicity if the client is taking which of the following? Select all that apply.

Digoxin (Lanoxin) Warfarin (Coumadin)

A middle-aged patient has been prescribed tetracycline as part of his treatment of H. pylori. The patient has a history of heart disease for which he is receiving digoxin. Given his history and current medications, the patient is at risk for which of the following conditions?

Risk of digoxin toxicity

An HIV-positive patient on antiretroviral therapy informs the nurse that he is considering taking sildenafil. The nurse informs the patient that he may experience which of the following when taking sildenafil with antiretroviral therapy?

Risk of hypotension

After teaching a group of nursing students about sulfonamides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as an example of a sulfonamide antibiotic? Select all that apply.

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about sulfonamides. Which of the following if stated by the students indicate understanding of this drug class? Select all that apply.

Sulfonamides are well absorbed when given orally. Sulfonamides are excreted by the kidneys. given for gram positive and negative

Which of the following would the nurse identify as a goal for a client who is receiving an antiviral drug? Select all that apply.

Adverse reactions are identified and treated. Adequate nutritional status is maintained. Perceptions of body changes are managed successfully. Skin integrity is successfully maintained. Therapeutic response is achieved.

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient with TB in a health care facility. The patient has been prescribed pyrazinamide. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a contraindication to the prescribed therapy?

Acute gout

After teaching a group of nursing students about indications for linezolid (Zyvox), the instructor determines a need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as an indication?

Acute otitis media

A nurse is to administer sulfasalazine to a client with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following interventions would be most important while caring for this client?

Regularly inspect client's stool samples.

When performing an ongoing assessment of a client receiving amoxicillin (Amoxil), the nurse should monitor the client for which of the following? Select all that apply.

Relief of symptoms Increase in appetite Change in appearance or amount of drainage Decrease in temperature

A patient is receiving linezolid. The patient is fond of eating chocolates and coffee, both of which contain tyramine. The nurse would instruct the patient that he is at risk for which of the following should he consume foods containing tyramine while taking linezolid?

Severe hypertension

A client has been receiving an aminoglycoside for several weeks and comes to the clinic complaining of ringing in his ears and some dizziness. The nurse suspects ototoxicity. When developing this client's plan of care, which nursing diagnosis would be the priority?

Risk for Injury

A nursing instructor is describing a situation in which a client with tuberculosis periodically visits his primary health care provider and demonstrates taking his medication in front of the nurse. The instructor is describing which of the following?

Directly observed therapy

A nurse is preparing to teach a client about common adverse reactions associated with rifampin (Rifadin). Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Discoloration of body fluids Vertigo Nausea Rash

A 45-year-old patient with TB is to receive rifampin. The nurse would monitor the patient for which of the following?

Vertigo

A patient who is being discharged needs to continue taking the zanamivir using a Diskhaler and a bronchodilator. Both the inhaler and the Diskhaler are prescribed at the same time. Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for the patient?

Use the bronchodilator before taking zanamivir.

A patient is being discharged from a health care facility but is required to continue antiviral therapy at home. Which of the following points should the nurse include in the teaching plan to educate the patient?

"Make sure to notify your primary health care provider if you develop any adverse reactions."

A client asks the nurse why she needs to increase her fluid intake while taking sulfonamides. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The fluids will help to decrease your risk for kidney stones."

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client receiving an antitubercular drug. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse most likely include directly related to drug therapy? Select all that apply.

Acute Pain Imbalanced Nutrition Risk for Ineffective Self Health Management

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client who is to receive antiviral therapy. Which nursing diagnoses would the nurse most likely include related to drug therapy? Select all that apply.

Acute Pain Risk for Injury Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition Body Image Disturbances

The nurse administers cefuroxime to a patient at least 1 hour before meals, as prescribed. However, the patient experiences GI upset. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do?

Administer the drug with food.

A patient is being discharged with a prescription for linezolid. After teaching the patient about this drug, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the patient identifies that he can consume which of the following without any risks? Select all that apply.

Alcohol Aged cheese Pepperoni

A client should be educated to limit consumption of which of the following foods to prevent an exaggerated sympathetic-type response when taking isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

Alcohol Bananas Meats

Which of the following information should the nurse obtain during the preadministration assessment of a client prescribed a fluoroquinolone? Select all that apply.

Allergy history Signs and symptoms of infection Blood pressure Temperature

A client is receiving antiretroviral therapy. Which adverse reactions would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Select all that apply.

Altered taste Peripheral numbness Rash Fever

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about aminoglycosides. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as an example? Select all that apply.

Amikacin (Amikin) Kanamycin (Kantrex)

Prior to administration of moxifloxacin (Avelox), a nurse obtains a medication history. Use of which drug would alert the nurse to contact the prescriber because concomitant use would lead to an increased risk for a severe cardiac arrhythmia? Select all that apply.

Amiodarone (Pacerone) Sotalol (Betapace) Procainamide (Procanbid)

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about administering penicillins. The students demonstrate an understanding of the information when they identify which drugs as being given without regard to meals? Select all that apply.

Amoxicillin (Amoxil) Penicillin V (Veetids)

A 26-year-old female patient with a skin infection has been prescribed 400 mg ampicillin to be taken orally. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the patient teaching plan?

Ampicillin will reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.

A nursing instructor is preparing a class about cephalosporins for a group of nursing students. When describing progression from first-generation to fourth-generation cephalosporins, which of the following would the instructor include as the result? Select all that apply.

An increase in the sensitivity of gram-negative microorganisms A decrease in the sensitivity of gram-positive microorganisms

The nurse is obtaining a medication history of a 48-year-old patient with an ear infection who is to receive penicillin therapy. The patient reports taking a beta-adrenergic blocker for his hypertension. The nurse would identify that this patient is at increased risk for which of the following if penicillin is administered?

Anaphylactic shock

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiviral agents. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as a drug category used for treating viral infections? Select all that apply.

Antiretroviral Antiviral

After teaching a group of nursing students about the action of sulfonamides, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state that the action of this class of drugs is primarily which of the following?

Bacteriostatic

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is to receive ritonavir. Which medication if found in the medication history would lead the nurse to contact the primary health care provider because the prescribed drug would be contraindicated? Select all that apply.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Zolpidem (Ambien) Procainamide (Procanbid)

After teaching a group of nursing students about the different generations of cephalosporins, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as an example of a first-generation cephalosporin? Select all that apply.

Cefazolin (Ancef) Cephalexin (Keflex)

A nurse is applying silver sulfadiazine to a client's burn. Which of the following would be important for the nurse to do? Select all that apply.

Clean and remove debris from the burned area before application Wear sterile gloves when applying the cream to the burn Warn client of burning sensation during and shortly following application apply a 1/16-inch-thick layer to the area, keep the client away from air drafts to decrease pain,

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client being treated with an antiviral drug. Which outcome would the nurse most likely identify? Select all that apply.

Client demonstrates an optimal response to therapy. Client demonstrates ability to manage adverse reactions. Client verbalizes understanding of the therapeutic regimen.

Fluoroquinolones should be used with caution in which of the following clients? Select all that apply.

Clients with diabetes Clients receiving dialysis Clients with epilepsy

A nurse would expect to administer pyrazinamide cautiously to which clients? Select all that apply.

Clients with diabetes Clients with hepatic impairment Clients with renal impairment Clients with HIV infection

A nurse is preparing to administer ethambutol (Myambutol) to several clients. The nurse would expect to administer the drug cautiously to which clients? Select all that apply.

Clients with hepatic impairment Clients with cataracts Clients with renal impairment

A nurse is reviewing the signs and symptoms of a fungal superinfection with a client. The client demonstrates understanding of the information when he identifies which of the following as suggesting a fungal superinfection? Select all that apply.

Creamy white patches on the throat Intense vaginal itching Excoriation of the anogenital skin folds

While the nurse is obtaining a drug history from a patient, the patient tells the nurse that he is allergic to penicillins and has also experienced a rash when he took a cephalosporin. The nurse interprets this information as indicating which of the following?

Cross-sensitivity

When completing the preadministration assessment for any antitubercular drug, which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Culture and sensitivity testing Complete blood count Family and contacts history Radiographic studies Medication history

A nurse is preparing to administer ciprofloxacin as ordered. Which test would the nurse ensure is completed before administering the first dose to the patient?

Culture tests

After teaching a group of nursing students about antitubercular therapy, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a primary drug to treat tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

Ethambutol (Myambutol) Isoniazid (Nydrazid) Rifampin (Rifadin)

A client with tuberculosis has failed treatment and requires retreatment. Which of the following drugs would the nurse anticipate being used? Select all that apply.

Ethionamide (Trecator) Aminosalicylic acid (Paser) Cycloserine (Seromycin) Capreomycin (Capastat)

A client develops a severe case of pseudomembranous colitis secondary to fluoroquinolone therapy. The fluoroquinolone is stopped immediately and the client receives intravenous fluids and protein supplementation. The physician prescribes medication as part of the treatment plan. The nurse would expect to administer which of the following?

Fidaxomicin

Before administering the first dose to the client, which assessment should the nurse perform as part of the preadministration assessment?

General history of patient's health

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving penicillin. The nurse would assess the client for which of the following common GI tract adverse reactions? Select all that apply.

Glossitis Stomatitis Diarrhea Gastritis

A client develops a mild skin irritation while receiving penicillin therapy. Which of the following would the nurse advise the client to avoid? Select all that apply.

Harsh soaps Perfumed lotions Rubbing the irritating area Wearing rough or irritating clothing

The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed sulfonamide. Which of the following would the nurse do? Select all that apply.

Have the client sit up to take the drug Give the prescribed drug on an empty stomach Encourage the client to drink additional fluids Sulfonamides should be administered on an empty stomach if tolerated with 8 ounces of water. Increased fluid intake is encouraged to prevent crystalluria.

A nurse is teaching a patient about the common adverse reactions that can occur with his prescribed therapy with cephalosporins. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the patient identifies which of the following? Select all that apply.

Headache Heartburn Vomiting nausea vomiting diarrhea dizziness malaise fever

A nurse is preparing to administer penicillin therapy. The nurse would expect to administer penicillins cautiously to clients with which of the following? Select all that apply.

History of allergies Asthma Bleeding disorders Renal disease Asthma

After teaching a group of nursing students about antiretroviral drugs, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify that these drugs are used to treat which infections? Select all that apply.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A patient receiving penicillin therapy tells the nurse that she feels like her mouth is irritated and that she has a sore throat. Inspection reveals a red, swollen tongue with ulcerations. The nurse suspects a fungal superinfection and identifies which nursing diagnosis as most appropriate for this patient?

Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes

When developing the plan of care for a client receiving sulfonamides for treatment of a urinary tract infection, the nurse identifies actions for encouraging fluid intake and monitoring intake and output based on which nursing diagnosis?

Impaired Urinary Elimination

A patient is being treated with saquinavir. The nurse would assess the patient for which of the following?

Increase in patient's weight

The health care professional has recommended sulfonamide therapy for a client. While obtaining the client's medical history, the nurse discovers that he is taking oral anticoagulants. Which of the following are the possible effects of combining sulfonamide therapy with oral anticoagulants?

Increased action of the anticoagulant

A patient presents to her primary health care provider for treatment of herpes simplex. While obtaining the medical history of the patient, the nurse discovers that the patient has respiratory problems and uses theophylline. The primary health care provider considers prescribing acyclovir as the drug for treatment until she reads the nursing history. The nurse understands that the primary health care provider decided against the use of acyclovir for which reason?

Increases serum level of theophylline in patients taking theophylline

A patient who has been on penicillin therapy for several days has developed inflamed oral mucous membranes and swelling in the tongue and the gums. The primary health care provider has diagnosed it as a fungal superinfection of the oral cavity resulting in impaired oral mucous membranes. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform?

Inspect mouth and gums regularly.

A nurse is preparing to administer lincomycin via IM injection. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? Select all that apply.

Inspect previous injection sites. Rotate the injection site. Note the site used for injection in the client's chart. Notify the physician of any persistent localized reactions.

A client is entering the continuation phase of treatment for tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse expect the client to receive? Select all that apply.

Isoniazid Rifampin

A client is in the initial treatment phase for tuberculosis. Which of the following antitubercular drugs would the nurse expect the client to receive during this phase? Select all that apply.

Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide Ethambutol

A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about macrolide antibacterial drugs. Which of the following would the instructor expect to include? Select all that apply.

Macrolides are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Macrolides may cause visual disturbances. Macrolides can be used in clients allergic to penicillins. Macrolides can be used to treat acne vulgaris.

A client is being given a prescription for ciprofloxacin (Cipro) to treat a urinary tract infection. The nurse should teach the client about which of the following common adverse reactions? Select all that apply.

Nausea Headache Dizziness

The nurse is providing care to a patient who is receiving an aminoglycoside for a wound infection. The patient is also ordered to receive a cephalosporin. The nurse would carefully assess the patient for which of the following?

Nephrotoxicity

A nurse is preparing to administer an aminoglycoside to a client. The nurse would be alert for the development of which of the following toxicities? Select all that apply.

Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Neurotoxicity

An HIV-positive patient is being treated with didanosine as part of the antiretroviral therapy. When assessing the patient, the nurse would immediately report which of the following to the primary health care provider?

Peripheral neuropathy

When providing care to a client taking isoniazid (INH), the nurse would monitor the client carefully for which of the following that indicate toxicity? Select all that apply.

Peripheral neuropathy Hepatitis

An HIV-positive patient is in a continuing phase of TB. The patient has completed the initial phase of the treatment program. In the continuing phase, the patient has shown no positive sputum results for 6 months. The nurse knows that under what circumstances does the treatment in the second phase last for 4 months or more?

Positive sputum culture after the completion of initial treatment

A nurse is reviewing the medical records of several patients who are to receive antibacterial drug therapy. The nurse understands that aminoglycosides would be contraindicated in clients with which of the following conditions? Select all that apply.

Pre-existing hearing loss Pregnancy Parkinsonism

A client is prescribed sulfadiazine one tablet twice daily for 10 days. When reviewing the client's history, the nurse notes that the client is also taking warfarin. The nurse would be alert for which of the following?

Prolonged clotting times When warfarin and sulfonamides are given concomitantly, an increase in action of the anticoagulant is seen, leading to an increase in clotting time, such as PT/INR, and an increased risk of bleeding. An increased risk of infection and a decrease in the white blood cell count would occur when a sulfonamide is given with methotrexate. The combination of warfarin and sulfonamide does not impact the effect of the antibiotic.

A patient diagnosed with TB is undergoing treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following would be used for household members and other close associates of the client to help prevent the spread of the disease?

Prophylactic therapy

A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?

Protease inhibitors

A patient undergoing penicillin therapy shows improvement and states that he is feeling better. Which of the following interventions is the nurse most likely to perform in such a situation?

Record assessments on patient's chart.

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan to foster client adherence to the tubercular drug treatment programs. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Reinforcing that short-term treatment is ineffective Reviewing the prescribed drug, doses, and frequency of administration Arranging for direct observation therapy with the client and family Instructing the client about possible adverse reactions and the need to notify prescriber should any occur

During ongoing assessment of clients taking fluoroquinolone, which of the following adverse reactions should be reported to the physician immediately? Select all that apply.

Respiratory difficulty Severe diarrhea Hypersensitivity reaction A significant drop in blood pressure

A client with a fever is ordered to receive sulfonamide therapy for an infection. The nurse needs to evaluate the client for which of the following during the course of therapy? Select all that apply.

Response to drug therapy Occurrence of adverse reactions Decrease in temperature

A nurse is caring for a patient undergoing the second phase of standard TB treatment. The nurse knows that which of the following combinations of drugs needs to be administered to the client?

Rifampin and isoniazid

A client diagnosed with HIV infection is receiving HAART. The client, who is alert and oriented, complains of anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. He has lost 10 pounds in the last 6 weeks. Additional assessment reveals pale, pink skin without any irritation or breakdown. He denies any complaints of pain. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse identify as the priority for this client?

Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements

A patient with TB is admitted to a health care facility. The nurse is required to administer an antitubercular drug through the parenteral route to this patient. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take when administering frequent parenteral injections?

Rotate injection sites for frequent parenteral injections.

Which of the following is true of secondary drugs to treat tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

Secondary drugs are less effective than primary drugs. Secondary drugs are more toxic than primary drugs. Secondary drugs are used to treat extrapulmonary TB. Secondary drugs are used to treat drug-resistant TB.

The nurse is completing an ongoing assessment of a client receiving erythromycin. The nurse would notify the primary health care provider immediately if assessment reveals which of the following? Select all that apply.

Significant drop in blood pressure Increase in heart rate Increase in respiratory rate Sudden increase in temperature

A nurse is caring for a client with burns. The client is prescribed topical silver sulfadiazine. The nurse would be alert for which of the following?

Skin necrosis

A nurse is preparing to administer ribavirin via inhalation to a client. Which of the following would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.

Solution should be discarded and replaced every 24 hours. Respiratory status can be worsened by the drug. Women of childbearing age should not inhale the drug.

A patient has been prescribed oral tetracycline for the treatment of acne. Which of the following must the nurse include in the patient teaching plan?

Take the drug on an empty stomach.

A group of students are reviewing information about the different penicillins. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as an example of a beta-lactamase inhibitor? Select all that apply.

Tazobactam Sulbactam Clavulanic acid

A nurse is conducting a class for a local community group about herbal agents. Which of the following would the nurse include as being effective against fungal skin infections? Select all that apply.

Tea tree oil Garlic

After teaching a group of students about tetracyclines, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a true statement? Select all that apply.

Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics. Tetracyclines may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth in children. Tetracyclines can be used when penicillins are contraindicated. Tetracyclines are used to treat Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

A patient with skin lesions due to a viral infection has been prescribed a topical antiviral agent. When teaching the patient about this therapy, which of the following would the nurse emphasize?

The drug will not prevent the spread of the disease to others.

A nurse is conducting an in-service training program for a group of nurses about antibacterial drugs such as penicillins and cephalosporins. During the question-and-answer period, the audience asks for examples of conditions that can be treated by cephalosporins. Which of the following would the nurse include in the response?

Urinary tract infections

A client receiving levofloxacin comes to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The client tells the nurse, "I used sunscreen but it didn't help." Which response by the nurse would be most helpful?

"Be sure to wear long sleeves and a wide-brimmed hat in addition to using sunscreen."

After teaching the client about taking his prescribed sulfonamide therapy, the nurse determines that the client needs additional teaching when he states which of the following?

"I can take the drug at different times of the day each day."

A patient develops a superinfection due to fluoroquinolone therapy. The patient asks the nurse why this happened. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The drug disrupts your normal bacteria so it allows other organisms to grow."

A patient is scheduled for abdominal surgery and is ordered to receive kanamycin as part of the bowel preparation. The patient asks the nurse why he is getting this drug. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The drug helps eliminate bacteria so that your GI tract is as clean as possible for surgery."

A patient is ordered to receive vancomycin IV. When administering the drug, the nurse would infuse the drug over which time frame?

60 minutes

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of several patients who are receiving fluoroquinolone therapy. Each of the patients is also receiving corticosteroid therapy. Which patient would the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for tendonitis?

72-year-old male

A patient is ordered to receive neomycin as part of the treatment plan for hepatic coma. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to assess before administering this drug? Select all that apply.

Ability to swallow Level of consciousness

Which of the following should be included in the nurse's preadministration assessment prior to administering a penicillin to a client? Select all that apply.

Allergy history Medical history Medication history Current symptoms

The nurse is preparing to administer an antiviral drug to a client. Which of the following would the nurse include in the preadministration assessment? Select all that apply.

Client's general state of health Resistance to infection Vital signs

A nurse is working in an ambulatory care setting that involves seeing clients with infections that require treatment. Which of the following would be important for the nurse to assess in these clients? Select all that apply.

Client's use of self-remedies Review of lab results Vital signs Client's symptoms Client's general appearance

A nurse would suspect tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant organisms in which of the following clients? Select all that apply.

Clients who have no response to therapy Clients who have been treated in the past

A client is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When obtaining the client's drug history, the client reports using an herbal product in the past to prevent and relieve the symptoms. Which of the following would the client most likely identify?

Cranberry

A client who is receiving statin therapy as treatment for elevated lipid levels is also prescribed daptomycin. The nurse would assess which of the following laboratory test results for changes?

Creatine phosphokinase levels

A client is receiving quinupristin/dalfopristin via a peripheral intravenous infusion. After the drug is administered, the nurse would flush the intravenous line with which of the following?

Dextrose 5% and water

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about antiretroviral therapy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which conditions as requiring cautious use of this class of drugs? Select all that apply.

Diabetes Hemophilia Impaired hepatic function

A nursing student is reviewing information about tuberculosis therapy. The student demonstrates understanding of the information when identifying which of the following as true about the initial phase of tuberculosis therapy? Select all that apply.

Drugs are used to kill the rapidly multiplying M. tuberculosis. Drugs are used to prevent drug resistance. The initial phase lasts approximately 2 months.

Clients receiving antiretroviral drugs for HIV infection may continue to contract opportunistic infections. The nurse would be alert for which of the following when assessing the client during therapy? Select all that apply.

Fever Malaise Sore throat Lethargy

A nurse is caring for a patient who is prescribed amantadine. The nurse would assess the patient for which of the following?

Hypotension and insomnia

After teaching a group of students about antibacterial drugs that disrupt the bacterial cell wall, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as an example of a carbapenem? Select all that apply.

Imipenem-cilastatin Meropenem

A client with diabetes who is taking an oral antidiabetic agent is diagnosed with tuberculosis and is prescribed rifampin. The nurse would instruct the client about which of the following?

Increased blood glucose levels

A nurse needs to administer a cephalosporin to a patient. The patient informs the nurse that he is allergic to penicillin. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Inform the primary health care provider.

A nurse is reviewing information about cidofovir in preparation for administration. The nurse understands that which of the following are true? Select all that apply.

It should not be given to clients who have renal impairment. The drug should not be given to clients receiving aminoglycosides. Cidofovir is used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis.

A patient in the initial phase of TB is prescribed ethambutol. The nurse monitors the client for which of the following suggesting an adverse reaction?

Joint pain

A nursing instructor is preparing a class on various antibacterial drugs interfering with protein synthesis, with the discussion focusing on quinupristin/dalfopristin. Which of the following medications would the instructor include as interacting with quinupristin/dalfopristin, thus increasing the risk for toxicity? Select all that apply.

Lorazepam (Ativan) Ritonavir (Norvir) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A 72-year-old patient with TB is undergoing standard treatment in a health care facility. Which ongoing assessment would the nurse complete?

Monitoring for appearance of adverse reactions

A nurse suspects that a patient receiving an aminoglycoside is developing neurotoxicity based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.

Paresthesias Tingling around the mouth Muscle twitching

A patient is prescribed demeclocycline. The nurse would teach the patient to be alert for signs of which of the following?

Photosensitivity

The nurse is teaching a client about possible adverse reactions that can occur with tetracyclines. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client identifies which of the following? Select all that apply.

Photosensitivity Diarrhea Stomatitis

A nurse is providing care to a client receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The nurse would expect the client to receive which of the following antiretroviral agents? Select all that apply.

Protease inhibitors Reverse transcriptase inhibitors Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A client is receiving gentamicin. Assessment of which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is developing nephrotoxicity? Select all that apply.

Proteinuria Hematuria Decreased urine output Increased serum creatinine

When teaching a client about antiviral therapy, the nurse would include information about the possibility of which adverse reactions? Select all that apply.

Rash Diarrhea Headache

A nurse is required to administer a parenteral form of penicillin to a patient. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for the nurse to do when preparing penicillin in parenteral form?

Shake the vial well to distribute the drug evenly.

The nurse suspects that a client who is taking a sulfonamide has leukopenia. Which assessment findings would support this suspicion? Select all that apply.

Sore throat Cough Fever

A nurse is caring for a client who is being administered sulfasalazine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include to ensure that the client gets the full benefits of the treatment?

Take dosage while eating or immediately after eating.

Tuberculosis responds well to long-term treatment with a combination of three or more antitubercular drugs. Which of the following is true regarding the duration of treatment for clients with tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

The initial treatment phase should last for a minimum of 2 months. The continuation treatment phase should last for 4 to 7 months. Prophylactic treatment should be given for 6 to 9 months.

The nurse is providing care to a client with diabetes who is receiving sulfonamides. The nurse counsels the client about the increased risk of hypoglycemia, especially if the client is taking which of the following medications? Select all that apply.

Tolbutamide (Orinase) Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of several clients with infection. The nurse would anticipate the prescriber ordering a fluoroquinolone for a client with which of the following? Select all that apply.

Urinary tract infections Sexually transmitted infections Bone and joint infections Skin infections

A patient who is receiving antiretroviral therapy is about to be discharged. Which of the following precautions should the nurse instruct the patient to follow to reduce the effects of photosensitivity?

Wear protective clothing when outside.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a fluoroquinolone as an intravenous infusion. The nurse would check the infusion rate at which frequency?

every 15 minutes

A client is taking trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim DS) one tablet twice daily for 14 days. Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching the client about possible adverse reactions? Select all that apply.

nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, chills, fever, crystalluria photosensitivity.

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is receiving antiviral therapy. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

"These drugs are not a cure for the viral infection, but they will shorten the course of disease." "Mark a calendar to designate the days the drug is to be taken so that you can keep to the ordered alternate-dosage schedule." "Take precautions when you're outside because you might experience a sunburn reaction."

A client is prescribed penicillin therapy to treat an infection. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for the client to reduce her risk of fungal superinfections? Select all that apply.

"Yogurt can sometimes help." "Try drinking some buttermilk." "You could take Acidophilus capsules." "Use a soft-bristle toothbrush when brushing."

A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving penicillin. The nurse would assess for which of the following as a common adverse reaction?

Inflammation of the tongue and mouth

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client receiving sulfasalazine therapy for ulcerative colitis. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate finding? Select all that apply.

Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Aplastic anemia

After teaching a group of nursing students about fluoroquinolones, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when they identify which of the following as an example? Select all that apply.

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A nurse is reading a journal article about spectinomycin. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find as being discussed about this drug? Select all that apply.

Spectinomycin is used to treat gonorrhea infections. Spectinomycin can be used in clients with penicillin allergy. Spectinomycin has no known significant food or drug interactions.

After administering sulfonamides to a client, the nurse observes that he has developed a fever, cough, and muscular aches. The nurse also observes that the client has developed lesions in the form of red wheals on the neck and the mouth. The nurse interprets these findings as indicating which of the following?

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)