Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 - Introduction to Pharmacology

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a drug. After receiving the first dose of the drug, the client experiences anaphylaxis. The nurse should identify that anaphylaxis represents which of the following results of the drug? -adverse effect -paradoxical effect -therapeutic effect -toxicity

ANS: -adverse effect

A nurse is reviewing a drug handbook prior to administering a drug to a client who has kidney disease. The handbook states that the drug can be administered but identifies certain risks. Which of the following terms describes these risks? -contraindications -precautions -paradoxical effects -adverse effects

ANS: -precautions

A nurse is caring for a client who is newly admitted to the facility for chest pain. At which of the following times should the nurse begin teaching about drugs and discharge planning? -after the client has a definitive diagnosis -on the days of discharge -when the clients family members are present -as soon as possible

ANS: -as soon as possible

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking acetaminophen and codeine for pain relief. These analgesics drugs interact with one another to cause an additive effect. The nurse should identify that which of the following are characteristics of additive drug interactions? (Select all that apply.) -clients can achieve desired effects with the use of lower dosages -taking the two drugs together can reduce the effects of one or both drugs -taking the two drugs together can potentiate the effects of one of both drugs -the two drugs can produce an action neither would have produced alone -both drugs have similar actions

ANS: -clients can achieve desired effects with the use the lower dosages -both drugs have similar actions

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of digoxin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? -"adverse effects are the intended effects of the medications" -"adverse effects indicate a severe allergy to the medication." -"decrease your medication dose if adverse affects occur." -"contact your provider if adverse effects occur."

ANS: -contact your provider is adverse effect occur

A nurse is teaching a client about naproxen enteric-coated tablets. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? -"drug absorption occurs in the stomach." -"you should expect immediate absorption of the drug." -"you should allow the tablet to dissolve in you mouth." -"do not crush or chew tablet."

ANS: -do not crush or chew the tablet

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of renal insufficiency and is taking lithium. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following? -tolerance to the drug -drug interaction -drug toxicity -dependence on the drug

ANS: -drug toxicity

A nurse is speaking to a client who is taking sertraline and reports drinking grapefruit juice. The nurse explains that grapefruit juice inhibits an enzyme in the liver that is used to metabolize sertraline. The nurse should recognize that client's risk for which of the following? -reducing drug absorption -drug dependence -altered drug distribution -drug toxicity

ANS: -drug toxicity

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty remembering to take their prescribed drug three times a day. The nurse should identify that which of the following alternate forms of the drug can help to promote adherence to the prescribed dosage? -liquid suspension -immediate-release capsule -extended-release tablet -powder form

ANS: -extended-release tablet

A nurse is providing teaching to a pregnant client who is taking captopril, an ACE inhibitor, to treat hypertension. The nurse informs the client that captopril is a teratogenic drug. The nurse should explain that teratogenic drugs can cause which of the following? -maternal bleeding -maternal blood clots -gestational diabetes mellitus -fetal malformation

ANS: -fetal malformation

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the drug has more than one use? -adverse effects -indications -pharmacokinetics -nursing implications

ANS: -indications

When reviewing a list of drugs in a drug handbook, a nurse can identify the generic names for a drug in which of the following ways? -it begins with a lower-case letter -it is listed in parentheses along with the trade name -there are both letters and numbers in the name -the chemical name is listed in parenthesis before the generic name

ANS: -it begins with a lower-case letter

A nurse is caring for a client who arrived at an emergency department following a bee sting. Which of the following indicates an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.) -low blood pressure -wheezing -bradycardia -peripheral edema -difficulty swallowing

ANS: -low blood pressure -wheezing -difficulty swallowing

A nurse is caring for a client who is postpartum and breastfeeding. The client asks the nurse about the effects that taking over-the-counter drugs will have on her newborn. Which of the following should the nurse consider when recommending a drug for the client? (Select all that apply.) -the newborns weight -how much breast milk the newborn consumes each day -whether or not the benefits to the client outweigh the risks to the newborn -the properties of the drug -the route of administration of the drug

ANS: -newborn's weight -how much breast milk the newborn consumes each day -whether or not the benefits tot he mother outweigh the risks to the newborn -properties of the drug

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for a drug with a high potential for toxicity. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) -periodic laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels -monitoring for indications of toxicity is important -taking the drug with an inducing agent will increase the possibility of toxicity -taking the smallest effective dose is crucial -increasing fluid intake is recommended to avoid toxicity

ANS: -periodic laboratory tests are essential to measure serum drug levels -monitoring for indications of toxicity is important -taking the smallest effective dose is crucial

A nurse is caring for a client who was prescribed an antidepressant based on its ability to prevent the reuptake of neurotransmitters. The nurse should identify that which of the following terms describes why this drug was prescribed for the client? -pharmacologic action -chemical stability -route -adverse effects

ANS: -pharmacologic action

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving nitroglycerin IV and is switching to the oral form of the drug. The nurse should identify that the oral dose will be hight than the IV dose for which of the following reasons? -the IV form crosses the blood-brain barrier -the oral form has a decreased half life -the oral form has decreased bioavailability because of the first-pass effect -the oral form has an increased rate of excretion

ANS: -the oral form has decreased bioavilability because of the first-pass effect

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking diphenhydramine for insomnia and reports drowsiness. The nurse should identify that drowsiness indicates which of the following? -therapeutic effect -adverse reaction -contraindication -precaution

ANS: -therapeutic effect

A nurse is obtaining a client's health history and discovers that the client takes loratadine, and over-the-counter drug. The nurse should identify that which of the following is correct regarding over-the-counter drugs? (Select all the apply.) -they do not require the supervision of a nurse -they can interact with other drugs -they should be included in the clients drug history assessment -they are less effective than prescription drugs -they do not cause toxicity

ANS: -they do not require the supervision of the nurse -they can interact the other drugs -the should be included in the client's drug history assessment

A nurse is reviewing drugs in a drug reference. The nurse should identify that drugs in the same class share which of the following similarities? -they have similar mechanisms of actions -they have the same half-life -they are administered by the same route -they have the similar availability

ANS: -they have similar mechanisms of actions

A nurse is preparing to teach a client about a newly prescribed drug. Prior to providing teaching, the nurse should review the precautions section of a drug handbook for which of the following reasons? -to determine drug-food interactions -to determine if dosage modification is indicated -to determine how the drug is absorbed -to determine availability

ANS: -to determine if dosage modification is indicated

A nurse is preparing to teach a client how to take care of a newly created colostomy. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors can decrease the client's ability to learn? (Select all that apply.) -Impaired cognitive level -language barrier -discomfort -repetition of teaching -unreadiness to learn

ANS: -impaired cognitive level -language barrier -discomfort -unreadiness to learn

A nurse is preparing to administer a drug to a client. In which of the following sections of a drug handbook should the nurse look to determine if the client can receive the drug? -adverse effects -contraindications -implementation -black box warning

ANS: -contraindications

A nurse is obtaining a client's health history. The client reports no allergies but has experienced mild itching while taking amoxicillin in the past. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? -"itching is an expected adverse effect of amoxicillin." -"itching can indicate amoxicillin toxicity." -"itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin." -"itching can result from dry skin, which is often caused by amoxicillin."

ANS: -"itching can indicate a hypersensitivity to amoxicillin."

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for a drug that has a receptor agonist effect. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? -"this will increase the effects of normal cellular functions." -"this prevents cells in your body from performing certain actions." -"this prevents hormones in your body from attaching to cell receptor sites." -"this minimizes the risk that the medications you take will become toxic."

ANS: -"this will increase the effects of normal cellular functions."